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Volume 46 (2011)
- Issue 4 Pages 159-
- Issue 3 Pages 87-
- Issue 2 Pages 49-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Volume 46, Issue 4
Displaying 1-3 of 3 articles from this issue
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Review
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Aya NISHIWAKI, Misa HITOTUKI2011 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 159-165
Published: December 20, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo determine the environmental problems faced at burial sites in the case of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks, we compared the findings for such outbreaks in Miyazaki (2010) and England (2001).
1. The disposal method used during the 2010 Miyazaki outbreak for disease control slaughter was “ burial on farm. ” Some problems were experienced with respect to obtaining burial sites and these problems caused disease spread.
2. The current guideline of strict prohibition of cultivation for 3 years on burial sites will cause many problems. We feel that non-cultivation use of perennial tropical grass is feasible in such cases.
3. During the 2001 outbreak in England, over 4 million animals were culled for disease control, and another 2 million animals were slaughtered for welfare reasons. Approximately 29% of the carcasses of animals that were slaughtered for disease control were disposed of by burning ; the remaining carcasses were disposed of by rendering, in landfills, or by burial. Various different disposal options need to be considered in the future because the burial method poses many problems.View full abstractDownload PDF (752K)
Original Paper
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Mohammad Zarif SHARIFI, Shoji MATSUMURA, Masahiro ITO, Tadashi HIRASAW ...2011 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 167-177
Published: December 20, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo develop a cropping system for corn production without using N fertilizer, a crop rotation with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth, HV) was examined over a 3-year period (2007-2009). The experiment consisted of four treatments (incorporation of HV biomass, mulching of HV biomass, fertilization with mineral fertilizer, and control without application of nutrient source) carried out in triplicate. The HV biomass was managed according to each treatment in May, followed by cultivation of silage corn in June. Corn dry weight and N uptake were measured during the growth season. The HV biomass accumulated 260-300 kg N ha-1 year-1, and approx. half of this N seemed to be available in an inorganic form to corn plants. In the second and third years, above ground biomass (AGB) in both HV-treated plots exceeded that of the control, which was almost equal to that of the fertilized plot. N uptake by corn was 330-400 kg N ha-1 when AGB reached 25 Mg ha-1. It was estimated that 40% of the N required to achieve this yield could be sup-plied by HV. The difference in N uptake between HV-treated and control plots was 20-25 kg N ha-1 in the first year, 100-140 kg N ha-1 in the second year, and 40-50 kg N ha-1 in the third year. Thus, HV was an important N source, in spite of the annual fluctuation. There was no difference in corn yield between the incorporation and the mulching treatments.View full abstractDownload PDF (448K)
Research Paper
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Hitoshi KATO, Genta KANAI, Yuichi KOBAYASHI, Kazuhiro TAKEKURA, Kenich ...2011 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 179-187
Published: December 20, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA rice straw collection model using the system dynamics method was developed to analyze factors such as 1) number of working days when straw could be collected, 2) number of machinery-operating days, and 3) number of machines required, in warm and cold regions on Japan’s Pacific side (WP and CP, respectively) and in cold regions on the Sea of Japan side (CS). We used a model with six straw stocks : field-dried to three dryness levels, and wind rowed, baled, or collected;and four work flows : swath turning, rowing, baling, and transporting. The 10-year analysis (2000-2009) showed that in WP, during a 3.5-month work period, there were 61 workable days ; 39 were spent for packing and transporting field-dried straw to collection sites. Straw was collected in a stable manner but was exposed to rainfall for longer periods because of the extended collection period. In CP, during a 2.5-month work period, there were 38 workable days ; 23 were spent for packing and transporting. Because the collection period was short, in some high-rainfall years the amounts of straw collected were far below aimed. However, because the work was concentrated over a short period, the collected straw was generally exposed to rainfall for less time than in WP. In CS, during a 2.5-month work period, there were 26 workable days ; only 6 were spent packing and transporting. Collecting straw at high water content increased the number of packing and transporting days to 11 but reduced the number of machines required, except for transportation trucks.View full abstractDownload PDF (959K)
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