Green roof units consisted of sedum plants and artificial soil has been popular because of its simple and light structure. The evapotranspiration characteristics is enough complex, however, and it is not discussed yet. We conducted a long term experiment that cleared the amount of evaporation is connected with the amount of solar radiation and the moisture content in the soil under warm climate. In the cold months of the year, the effect of water content was rather weak. We continuously measured the unit without plants after the main experiment and cleared the plants effectively control the speed of evaporation of the soil.

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The use of Ultra Low Flow Water Closet with a movable trap mechanism in houses (3 storeys at maximum) has already been approved by the former Minister of Construction. This study examines the application feasibility of the aforesaid water closet of high-rise and super-high-rise building drainage systems through experiments. Firstly, influence over the drainage performance of a drainage stack system was examined by changing the controller of the movable trap mechanism and the formation of the pipe work. Secondly, trance port performance was identified, using horizontal branch pipe work with a total length of 10m forming 5 bends. The outcomes of the study successfully demonstrated technical improvement to the standards of the existing Ultra Low Flow Water Closet.

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In this study, the checklists for attestation against the waste conveyance/disposal contractors were made. And the prior notification system for movement of waste using RFID IC tag was constructed. This system is composed of the IC tag put up to waste, the cellular phone, the reader/writer, GPS installed in the vehicle and the information management center. Through the field survey and the empirical study, their possibility and some problems that should be examined were cleared.

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In order to evaluate the mitigating effects of urban heat island by wall greening, an experiment to characterize the evaporation effect of a greening system and to quantify its heat balance was carried out. At heat balance analysis, sensible heat flux is calculated using heat transfer coefficient estimated by measurements with SAT (Sol-air Temperature) meter. As a result, it is confirmed that wall greening has the mitigating effects of heat island due to the sensible heat reduction by consuming the latent heat by evapotranspiration. And it is able to evaluate the effects of wall greening system using evaporation efficiency as an index of evapotranspiration ability.

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Some local authorities introduced CASBEE (Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency) into their building administration as assessment methods for their sustainable building reporting systems. The systems oblige building owners intending to newly build or rebuild a building to submit a planning document assessing the environmental performance of the building. "CASBEE for New Construction (simplified)" was developed to meet the growing need for a simpler version of CASBEE-NC, that saves time for document preparation. In April 2004, the city of Nagoya introduced CASBEE Nagoya. The city of Osaka also Adopted CASBEE Osaka in October 2004. Those local systems require some modification in CASBEE to reflect their local characteristics, such as climate and prioritized policies.

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In the previous paper, a new assessment system named CASBEE-HI (Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency on Heat Island Relaxation) has been proposed for evaluating the effects of various countermeasures related to building design on heat island relaxation, and the outline of the evaluation sheet of CASBEE-HI was reported. In order to determine weighing of evaluation items in the evaluation sheet of CASBEE-HI, the sensitivity analysis of the influence of each relaxation strategy is necessary. In this paper, the example which performed the trial calculation fo change on the environmental efficiency (BEE_<HI>) of the building on heat island relaxation described in the evaluation sheet by the numerical analysis using three-dimensional CFD and one-dimensional urban canopy model.

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A new assessment system named CASBEE-HI (Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency on Heat Island Relaxation) has been developed for evaluating the effects of various countermeasures related to building design on heat island relaxation. In CASBEE-HI, environmental efficiency concerning the heat island relaxation (BEE_<HI>) is defined as Q_<HI>/L_<HI>, where Q_<HI> is the quality of outdoor thermal environment within a building site and L_<HI> is the loadings emitted from this building site to increase the heat island effects in its surroundings. A numerous number of numerical analyses were carried out to determine the weighting coefficients included in the assessment sheets for the evaluation of BEE_<HI>, according to the degree of relative effectiveness of each countermeasure. Case studies using the developed assessment system were conducted for many buildings and the applicability of CASBEE-HI has been examined.

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In response to amplifying the problems of global environment, the municipality has been expected to take integrated countermeasure to contribute to building of a sustainable society. Tokyo metropolitan government draws up the guideline of government building planning to design the building considering the environment. This paper introduces a developed evaluating system in order to confirm consideration level of guideline by calculating some life cycle indices and grading a casbee tool. We can analyze the effect of reduction CO_2, emission and cost-benefit on public facilities, public high school and public hospital by adoption of environmental technologies by using the indices.

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We have developed assessment systems for buildings known as CASBEE (Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency). CASBEE for new construction and that for existing building were already developed and reported in former reports. We have newly developed the assessment system for renovation. Then we would report the outline of it.

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Choice Based Conjoint analysis Survey is conducted to general affair department of large scale 100 private conpanies in order to make clear the influence of office building performance on its rent price. In this paper, the performance are categorized into golobal and local environmental performance, energy saving performance, indoor air conditioning performance and functional performance of building facilities. The results shows that the rent price is infuluenced by the grade of building performance by 710 JPYen per square meters in center of Tokyo.

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In order to study the effect of home energy saving by improvement of occupants' low impact life style, field measurement and computer analysis have been done. Four measured houses are located in Akita prefecture and insulated thermally on the envelopes. In the simulation study, the coupling model of the transient simulation program with calculation model for indoor heat generation pattern has been used. This paper concludes that low impact life style should have the effect on a decrease in energy consumption and about 10% of the decreasing ratio could be expected by a shift in low impact life style.

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In order to consider the efficient residential energy conservation, measurements on energy consumption and thermal environment for four houses in Akita Prefecture have been conducted for two years. Annual and monthly energy consumption classified by end-use, and energy consumptions for some appliances in a typical summer and winter day were shown. In conclusion, the total energy consumption per household was 40-82 GJ/a, and that for space heating and hot water supply was to be 70%, showed a tendency with seasonal fluctuations, and varied house to house due to the differences of space heating form and usage pattern for each appliance.

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Aichi prefecture supply public silver housing in wide area from 1991. During beginning some years, they supply a smoll amount of silver housing to repeat trial and error on planning and making relation with welfare system. After this period, fixed planning standards and forms are established, and much more amount of silver housing has been supplied. In recent years, as life style of the aged is changing to use table, chair and bed, dwelling plan of silver housing is expected to change to western style.

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This Paper describes about the residence to have been constructed as new concept, for QOL (Quality Of Life) of aged person and disabled person at Okayama Pref. and a public welfare support. Aged person population of Okayama Pref. area less than more than 14 percents 20 percents, 28 place less than more than 20 percents 30 percents, was very high with 38 place. For QOL of aged person and disabled person, an environment at residence and a public welfare support were necessary. Emergency system was very a few with 22 place, and homehelf greatly was enforced with 77 place. From now on, residence, about a comfort, a welfare support at home is tread regionality of Okayama Pref. is necessary to research.

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People who obtained some trouble because of sickness, accident, and aging, etc need to remodel the house and the environment to enjoy comfortable life. How to add the hand to life environment is greatly different according to an individual state of trouble and situations of surrounding people who support an individual. The case that becomes the reference open to the public in the publication etc. is few now. We, the housing research foundation collected 60 cases for four years. The following content is described in this paper. ・ It introduces various cases that seem that it serves as a reference for the person who has various troubles. ・ In addition, some common problems and the method of settlements that had found from 30 cases are described.

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The purpose of this paper is to consider the relationship of ability for ADL to living location of the elderly who live in nursing homes. The results are as follows: 1)The simple scale to show ADL of the elderly was designed and it had effective correlation with the living location. 2)The living-like space which set up by bed rooms worked as living location for the elderly with middle or high-care-need. 3)The elderly with high-care-need were displaced living location by care staffs, but there were hardly opportunities except meal time. 4)The elderly with low-care-need showed a tendency to select and displace the living location after meal time.

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Due to the increasing possibility of big offshore earthquake in Japan, availability of middle to high rise buildings for temporary refuge from Tsunami is seriously considered by the government. This report presents a recent study on the modeling of the refuge process and within tsunami-hinan buildings and the discussions on the utility of various building occupancies and refuge strategies through parametric analysis using the proposed model. The analysis revealed significant dependence of the effectiveness of refuge from Tsunami on the time to start refuge and the building occupancies. Design guides to improve refuge performance of various occupancies are also proposed.

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Recently we are paying more attention to global environment, constraints of resources and sustainable development. Repair and reuse are more effective in terms of economy and environment than rebuilding. In Tama City, public facilities were intensively constructed and in a relatively short period of time, while the population structure and needs are continuously changing. In this study, we grasped the public facilities analyzing its spatial representation of room functions and construction materials, grouping volumes with similar construction specifications in order to reorganize the public facilities providing a reuse technique.

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The value of the wooden house in Korea is reviewed, and needs have risen through building and preservation in Korea. And the imported wooden house is changing to Korean-style. This reports aims to investigate the current state of the wooden construction in Korea that has not been known in Japan yet, to grasp the problem concerning the wooden house in Korea, and to present the clue of the spread strategy of the wooden house to be able to deal with the problem.

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The authors have developed wooden shear wall constituted by double wood siding board made by foothold boards. This new system can secure the insulation and air humidity control performance. It has been proven that the wall has endurance for practical use by horizontal loading test. As a result, the initial stiffness of test specimen with dowel has indicated high value, and wall magnification also has indicated twice or more value conpared with the notification, so the practicality of this system has been confirmed.

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In urban areas of Japan these days, the number of closed schools and idle classrooms is increasing due to fewer children. With an anticipated increase in the number of such surplus facilities due to the further declining birth rate, their effective utilization is an essential task for school facilities in the future. This study aimed to clarify concrete design methods and draw on useful information for the planning and design of the partial conversion of school buildings. First, we made field surveys to determine the contents of conversion of elementary schools in Tokyo 23 wards, and about 40 cases were obtained. Second, the planning and design methods of conversions were investigated to architects of those cases. Third, the floor planning patterns were characterized by classifying according to what extent of retaining the existing floor plan. In addition, problems in the planning caused by the arrangement of earthquake-resistant elements were found out, and the new spatial designs to solve them were considered. Finally, the effective planning and design methods in those conversions were derived.

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It is necessary to support walking visually handicapped persons from the two aspects of walking support systems and accident prevention. The present study identifies walking environment maintenance in the future as a basic source for accident prevention. Fatal accidents can be easily seen statistically but minor accidents by visually handicapped persons are rarely identified. It reports on the result of research about walking accidents that visually handicapped persons encounter in their daily lives. The number of walking accidents outdoors was about 42% of the total accidents in the past five years. Walking accidents indoors also increased.

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Kamishinano district is a part of development design for new station installation. It was admitted in urbanization control area and there is district plan for carrying out preservation of forest. The history of Kamishinano district development has not been studied, as far as the authors are aware of. This paper discusses the feature of the development design in Kamishinano district, and its changes.

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In Winter Cities, which located in cold and snow climate region, original urban design approaches are required for planning livable spaces in winter. Author researched Winter City Design Guidelines in Prince George City and the role of ADP how to use the guidelines on the process of development permits. Winter City Design Guidelines are consisted of some respectable items, reducing snow removal, livable public spaces in winter, and so on. The role of ADP is very important on this process. Considerable items for urban design in winter shall be included in the Suggestion of ADP to Development Company.

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The purpose of this paper is to know the traditional scape color of Makabe town, mostly in south Ibaraki. Analysisi of investigation data included; studying a keynote color of Makabe town using the standard color chart of MUNSELL and has organized the feature of a color scheme in pattern with the continuous elements of the 8 street scenes. As a result, a feature of color scheme and traditional color of townscape was clarifield by analyzing the relation of a keynote color on a continuous scene; the tendencies are concentrated on the YR hue system with high value and low chroma. Furthermore, the feature of the main material of color scape and elements of continuous color structure became clear through the result of analysis.

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This paper shows the method and process of urban redevelopment in Tokyo central city Marunouchi. Most important method and the process are the system of town planning Guideline organized by Otemachi Marunouchi Yurakucho Chiku Machizukuri Kondankai. Nakadori, Hibiyadori and The Tokyo Station Plaza are the most important street scene in Marunouchi. This paper shows the condition of these places under developing and the usefulness of the method for developing other downtown.

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This research is a study of community festival that includes events of 'Parasol Gallery' and 'Video stadium', undertaken for townscape improvement of the Chiba city. 'Parasol Gallery' is a process of enhancement of public events under kiosks of parasols. In the 'Video Stadium', the junior high school students displayed a video program to enlighten the citizens for improvement of living environment and townscape. This research shows the process of making urban spaces livable and a method through which townscape awareness could be spread among citizens.

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The city planning proposal system was founded in July, 2002 by the city planning law revision to promote active participation of the area inhabitant. Some proposal cases came to be seen for two years from the law enforcement. This research is examined about the evaluation of application of the system until now and the method with future active application, by the investigation of these cases.

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Scenic zones in Tokyo have the history of 75 years. It had been only system about green preservation for a long time. After the war, the management became gradually difficult in rapid urbanization, but recently the system was revised widely. This report aims to clarify the results of the reform and problems which are left.

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Hyogo Prefecture established "Special Designated Zoning" on the basis of the amendment of City Planning Law in 2000 which has enabled the flexible operation of the development permission system. This "Special Designated Zoning" of Hyogo Prefecture is making the cooperative use between the development permission system and municipal land-use planning. This article reports the general description of the establishement and the applied cases of "Special Designated Zoning" in Hyogo Prefecture.

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It is necessity to construct the system of local governance with collaboration of public sector, private sector, and citizens. The purpose of this study is seeking the methods through which Local Governance could be operative, defining the factors of local autonomy of collaboration and the roles of local administration, and expressing the regional management based on paternal-ism. The results are as follows : 1st) importance of local autonomy of collaboration are "Self intiative of each entity", "Transparency of information", and "Leadership of local administration"; 2nd) On regional management based on "Paternalism", local administration should lead each entity to act for public with great responsibility.

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This paper aims a process of factory closedown of an enterprise. (1) Activity and the content by related organization from the announcement to selling in lots when large-scale factory is closed and (2) About the attraction of enterprises of the site. This case used the technique and the agreement book on an existing city planning. The site was developed dividing into the residential land and the site for business use. The housing & bisiness land was separated based on city planning act. Also housing construction in business site was restricted, therefore the enterprises who acquired the sites were affricated by those restriction.

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This paper reports how one Non-profit organization collaborating with tenants and shopping center starts up and manages the community-based business for housing regeneration. The area includes Takasu-danchi and Takahama-danchi developed in 1970s. The non-profit organization made the business model of low price house reform method and shopping support for aged people. Low price reform consists of DIY reform and tenant participation. Shopping support is to carry the commodity bought by aged people to their home. Through the management of this business, it is clear that these methods are useful for housing regeneration.

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The purpose of the paper is to study the process of cooperation with the participants from definition of local agendas to make the local action plans. I would like to clear up the main point in case of discussion, Valdelsa area and Siena prefecture in Toscana State: The participants, the coordinators and administration thought about the local agendas and the action plans for the system in crossed the administration. The research methodology was to interview different sections of the administration like territory management, environmental policy, the communes as well.

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Recently, the field treated by the city planning and the machizukuri is diversified. Technic of practicing plan that cooperates with various organizations is requested. The number of cases where the university laboratory also participates is an actual machizukuri as a specialist increases, and the method of the partnership with a local community becomes a problem. The points of this research is shown below; 1)We considered the effect on practicingg education of machizukuri by the activity of Machinaka laboratory of the local university. 2)We considered the right role and the directionality of the activity on Machinaka laboratory in the local city in the future. 3)At last, we considered the possibility and the problem about the manage-ment of Machinaka laboratory of the local university.

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For conservation project of historical towns, it is indispensable to grasp exactly the present condition of streets scene. However, the big task is how to evaluate it. Self Organization Critical State Analysis is using in this research to evaluate the street scene. The characteristic elements which constitute the street scene are evaluated and analyzed by this method resulting in "stable" or "fallen" statements, this is, the part which has a unity in view and the one which does not have it. These results can be used to express the harmony of the whole town or how to treat each of its parts. It will be helpful for historical town planning and to determine the conservation areas of the historical towns.

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The increasing crime occurrence in urban area comes out as one of the biggest problems in Japan. This study will focus on snatch crime. Trough the analysis of relationship between crime occurrence and urban design and special factor, it will find how to prevent crime occurrence by way of urban planning and design.

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The population of Sapporo increased from 615,628 in 1960 into 1,822,368 in 2000. Urban growth has been increasing water demand and Sapporo City has done its best to expand the capacity of water supply. This study firstly reproduced actual water supply and demand in Sapporo during 1960 to 2000 through System Dynamics (SD) Model. Water resource of Sapporo consists of underground water and Toyohira River. Toyohira River has Hoheikyo Dam and Jozankei Dam. The study secondly estimated the detail of water demand for urban life. The study thirdly carried out three cases of scenario simulation in order to evaluate effect and timing of construction of both dams. As the result, both dams were timely planned and constructed so that Sapporo has had no shortage of water during 1960 to 2000. The detail of water demand for urban life was also made clear through inner structure analysis of data by SD model.

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For this research, we collected the questionnaire survey for the municipality nationwide in Japan. Main results are as follow ; 1.Operation purposes are mainly to improve living convenience for the weak of transport such as the aged, the disabled and the student, especially in the area unable to access other traffic. 2.The passenger on a bus under five people occupies some half routes. Community bus tends to low utilizing condition. 3.The income and outgo rate under 30% occupies 60% of all routes. Most of the community bus is difficult to be profitable. 4.Resident's intention is collected by 75% of municipalities how a questionnaire, a hearing, a conference and study meeting. 5.Approach to the evaluation of project is 30% of municipalities. The point is, although problems of low profit and low utilizing exist, the project's evaluation from various angles is desired.

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The population of Fukuoka City increased from 647,122 in 1960 to 1,341,470 in 2000. Urban growth has been increasing water demand. Fukuoka City has had water shortage twice in spite of its efforts to expand the capacity of water supply. This study firstly reproduced actual water supply and demand in Fukuoka City during 1960 to 2000 through System Dynamics Model. Water demand in Fukuoka City was analyzed and compared with that of Sapporo City without water shortage. The study secondly estimated the detail of water demand for urban life. The study thirdly carried out two cases of scenario simulation in order to evaluate dam construction works and Chikugo River water supply project. If those projects were not carried out, the estimated population of Fukuoka City is surely less than its actual population because of more serious water shortage.

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This article, following the result of another research which analyzed regional regenerating impacts brought in by hosting camps for national teams playing at the FIFA World Cup in France (1998), clarifies rapprochements between economic and societal effects generated through hosting camps for national teams playing at the 2002 FIFA World Cup Korea-Japan. Although societal effects have been rather neglected by previous studies because of the vagueness of their evaluating methodologies as well as their definition, this study demonstrates that those camps sites which were actively involved in promot-ing societal effects achieved such effects to a certain extent.

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Workflow, to be brief, means the automation of a business processes. A lot of references between workflow models and standards were checked when the authors tried to apply workflow technology to construction projects. The system, originally developed in the BRI's research project, is a tool for supporting the analysis of such reference relationship. The system stores both workflow model written in the IDEF0 and the document structure of the standards in its RDB storage. It enables users to interactively check mutual reference relationship. The authors build an open freeware version of the system, which illustrates four unique demonstrations based on real business workflow models. Users can operate the demos by themselves and efficiently understand the effective-ness of the workflow analysis/plan technology in A/E/C industries.

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The purpose of the this research is to develop the cost planning system to be used step by step during the production process on construction projects of public offices. The purposes of the research are as follows. 1)System development for cost planning to achieve business decisions. 2)Improvement for traditional cost planning system by public clients. 3)System development for change order and Value Engineering clarified predictable construction costs. 4)System development to reduce workloads for estimating construction costs.

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The preservation of the Gandhara Buddhist Monuments has various critical issues. We focused the-authentic process of restoration for structural remains in this report. First, we outlined the current situation and history of preservation in this area and pointed out the problematic issues of the process of restoration and excavation. Secondly, we tried to trance the scientific way of restoration in the case of the South-west Stupa at Ranigat site and establish appropriate way of restoration in this area.

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The purpose of this study is to develop the optimum design method for roof shapes satisfying both beauty and dynamic condition by using rough sets. At the previous study stage, neural network was used for learning KANSEI. There are parts of the black box in neural network. The relation between roof shapes and KANSEI is not clear. For this problem solving, rough sets was used instead of neural network. By analyzing the feature of roof shapes and KANSEI by using rough sets, even if it is not shape of the same condition, KANSEI evaluation is possible.

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We have developed a new low price and real time seismograph which can be used for the construction of a high density strong motion network for the building and/or ground vibration monitoring. It has the function of outputting JMA Intensity, SI value, maximum acceleration through LAN or RS232 in real time and at the end of event. It has also the level trigger contact function for the early warning. We will continue development for the application of this seismograph for the construction of various, high density strong motion networks.

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The situation of the architecture education in the nations all around the world undergo a lot of changes in these years. There are strong needs to distinguish clearly the architectural design education in Japan from ones in other countries. In this paper, we traced the history of the architecture design education by through the investigation of description of the assignments in the architecture design studio at the university of Tokyo (1970-2005). This historical study will give us an useful insights to consider how we should face the new situation of the architecture education.

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At Toyama prefecture, there are many proverbs about weather forecasts, which are connecting with the view of Tateyama high mountains. As the altitudes of the mountains are about 2,000-3,000m, it may have many influences for the weather of Toyama area. We observed fine weather condition, when Tateyama had a good view from Toyama plain at daytime. In the night and the next day, the weather condition turned to rain or snow. For the theoritical analysis of these weather changes, we checked some upper-air chart, 500hPa, 700hPa and 850hPa. As a result, it has been guessed for that a local cold high has caused the airflows, which would arise such conditions at the plain near the mountains.

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As for the Japan Federation of Architects and Building Engineers Associations (JFABEA), CPD system was started in 2002, and the participant exceeded 24,000 people in 2005. In the national government and the local municipality, movement to evaluate the result of CPD in the civil engineering works field has come out. The movements assumed to be a integrated system including other groups of an architectural system have come out. The reasonable integration method is described based on current results of the JFABEA.

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The qualification system of architectural industry in Japan has several problems. Although registered architects are engaged in a broad range, their specialty is not clear. Structural and mechanical engineers do not have authority and responsibility in architectural design. And the qualification is life-time system. Several architectural associations established private qualifications to clarify their specialty, and CPD programs to maintain and improve the ability of qualified persons. APEC Engineer/Architect have been made up as international qualifications. Throughout the study of these situations, this paper proposes concrete measures to establish the comprehensive qualification system of architectural industry in Japan.

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