This study makes the environmental database containing the information for supporting the maintenance of outdoor environment in a residential area on seaside reclaimed land. We propose the database system combined with 3D-CAD system, which realize the appropriate maintenance and communication between the residents and a maintenance person. The environmental information regarding the maintenance of outdoor environment, including building, greenery and ground cover, are collected through field measurements and so on. Other information, including thermal environment, wind environment and birds, are also inserted into the database, so as to encourage the positive maintenance by residents.

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The aim of our study is investigation of new living style and housing design where aged and disables can move freely in snow season without barrier. On this paper, We made clear as follows. Planning of the low floor type house using co-generation system is effective in energy cut and making new living style in snow country. Especially intermediate space (greenhouse, workshop, garage, entrance space) that is warmed low temperature by using cascade heat system from co-generation's surplus heat is effective in connecting between outside and living space, and makes livable in snow season indoor life.

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The main objects of this study are as follows:
1) to grasp the elderly people's daily life activities in the downtown dwelling area of Tokyo;
2) to investigate various conditions in the area i.e. public facilities, transport conditions, housing conditions etc. which might contribute elderly to live in their own home area;
3) to know relationship between the elderly people's daily life activities and the surrounding conditions.
Kanda area of Chiyoda ward of Tokyo is the area chosen for this study. Research was effectuated through questionnaire survey and interview investigation.

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This paper describes a study on Japanese public bathhouses (Sento) in Kumamoto City as an example of a regional city. This research was conducted using field surveys and hearings from owners of public bathhouses and local government.
Kumamoto City had 141 public bathhouses in 1976, but only 19 in 2006. The layouts of these public bathhouses changed along with advances in facilities and the owners' desire to increase the number of visitors. However, the numbers of public bathhouse owners and visitors are decreasing, and the age of both is increasing. Changes in society influence the function of public bathhouses.

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Overall living hours and living spaces and the status of leisure activities on the part of residents in different regions were studied and analyzed to ascertain the position, in overall living activities, of neighborhood leisure facilities that accommodate leisure activities, in order to obtain basic knowledge relating to facility planning (good spatial and functional distributions for neighborhood leisure facilities, etc.) from a temporal and spatial perspective. Leisure activities of local residents were studied from the standpoint of the relationship between (a) the amount of time for leisure activities and the varieties of leisure activities and (b) facility use distance, in order to determine the dispositional characteristics of leisure activities conducted in neighborhood spaces. The study found that 1) neighborhood spaces are the major venue where leisure activities are conducted, 2) there is a definite relationship between leisure activities and facility use distance, and 3) the dispositional characteristics of leisure activities and facility use distance are different for the two locations studied.

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The purpose of this research is to propose the notation method of the space that contains the time axis related to the movement of the body. This volume chielly discusses about the definition of the occluding edge and making the scene book using occluding edge as the preparatory thinking.
The results are as follows:
In the scene book using occluding edge, the streamlined floor composition seen in the modern architecture appears in the feature as movement along the time axis. This shows a part of effectiveness as the notation method.

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Volume and variety of construction waste according to demolition were affected by both construction and demolition method. In the present circumstance, demolition processes were not considered building construction method at all. In this study, we grasped the influence of rationalization in construction method, which is prefabricated detached house, on demolition process. As a result, demolition of composite materials made in factory were required a great deal of time for separation. The necessity of mutual relationship contents of disposal and labor of separation were found out.

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In Tsushima Island, characteristic wooden storehouses are distributed. They are constructed with large stony roof and pillars have rectangle section.
The distribution and the structure of storehouses are investigated on this report. As a conclusion it is realized that the construction system of storehouse of Tsushima has high originality against other part of Japan, and on the detail of structure present some difference depending on size of stony roof.

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In central area of Miyazaki, characteristic stables are distributed. They have thick beams, pillars and large garret. The lattice on the frontal beam makes up the structure and decollated its façade. The distribution and the detail of the structure is investigated on this report. As a result it was realized that the researched stable of this area has typical construction system which has limited number of pillar to make large space and wide garret.

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This report presents the result of the investigation about 8 wooden storehouses in Senhoku area in Akita. Most of these houses are distributed at the foot of mountains. They are constructed on a pool by close-set pillars style and repairable bottom. A few systems to protect against fire, crime, mouse and a mechanism to control air condition for stock rice are confirmed. These characters regard as a result to make use of springs.

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In Japan, a huge volume of public housing was built in the masshousing era, and many related problems have arisen in recent years. Today, due to an increase in the number of aged residents, one of the most significant pending problems concerning public residential buildings is barrier removal and customization for elderly people. Several local authorities and housing corporations have added new elevator towers to the old walk-up buildings, however, certain problems remain. This paper analyzes current circumstances, and proposes an alternative method.

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When the power failure occurs because of terrorism, it becomes the pitch-dark dark in case of no nighttime, and moving cannot be taken in the close space. Then, the vertical evacuation experiment was conducted by using the photoluminescent stairs, and the effectiveness of the photoluminescent stairs was clarified in this research. The photoluminescent stairs improved the visibility when taking evacuation, was able to shorten the evacuation time when the stairs taking shelter.

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In late years various changes in the environment surrounding public facilities have produced much surplus space. It is important to circulate those space resources as an action to the problem of the global environment. Therefore, in this research, after grasping the quantity of the stock and investigating the actual conditions of practically reused space for 33 cities in Chiba Pref., some practically useful ways of the public stock space have been analyzed. As a result, the necessary condition for the circulation of surplus space resources has been clarified.

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In California, its unique public university system has been contributing to maintain and improve the quality of education and research of The University of California at the highest level. The study aims to find out the institutional character of the campus development of the University of California, by which significant resource has been allocated to the campus development of the university despite recent financially difficult circumstances.

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This study introduce “paragraph 7 of article 56” of The Building Standard Law of JAPAN from revision at 2003. It called “relaxation rule of setback regulation by sky factor (The Sky Factor)”. So, it is predicted of disorder townscape from a skyline and an open space layout at narrow road area.
In this study, we investigate the actual condition and grasp it to clarify how the Townscape changed by The Sky Factor. Furthermore, we clarify the reality such as height of a completion building, site shape, site arrangement of a building, and analyze relation with the outskirts, disclose to influence on Townscape by The Sky Factor. Finally we reveal from now on The Sky Factor.

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This research clarified type of built environment at burglary risk of detached house based on the field survey. Most of damaged doors and windows were not seen easily from the front street. Some of them, however, were seen the other streets at daytime, but the criminal invaded at nighttime. When the houses were adjacent to open space at the side or the back, the damages had concentrated on the back. When the three sides of house were adjacent to detached houses, the damages had concentrated on the side. Streets and open space on the side or the back had the possibility of becoming the penetration path snd an escape route.

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The Town Planning and Zoning Act established it in 1968, and Building Standard Act was revised in 1970. High control was certainly abolished by this. High-rise condominiums of a building got worse in a town area, and the issue of sunshine, a problem of privacy came to occur afterwards. High-rise condominiums came to be built in the residential area where Sapporo was good. A tendency to introduce “the high control zone” into is seen in cities of the whole country to cope with such a problem. Sapporo introduced “the hight control zone” in March, 2006. In this study, I analyze “the hight control zone” introduced in Sapporo and search for future problems.

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It is important for city planning in the future to maintain a residental area that have good living environment developed intentionally. Utsukushigaoka introduced pedestrian road in land readjustment project before public sector and it led to maintenance of the law. The purpose of this study is to clarify how pedestrian road of Utsukushigaoka planned, and how it changed.

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The purpose of this study is to point out the problems of the color design guideline in the reported system of urban landscape, focusing on buildings in Amagasaki City. We figured out the characteristics of color of buildings on the basis of analysis of largest color, secondary color, and accentual color of buildings by fieldwork and documents submitted to the City. We concluded that more detailed color design guideline and advice should be necessary. Finally, we suggested the color standard of Munsell color depending to residential, commercial and mixed-use area.

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Changwon, which had a population of 10,000 and was purely an agricultural area back in 1973, is now a major urban area of Keongnam and has a population of 500,000, of which over 90,000 are engaged in industry.
The purpose of this report, via the subject of Changwon which is the largest planned community developed in the shortest period of time within South Korea, is to understand the characteristics of this Formation Process and its relative challenges, so that these materials and information can be useful for Developing Countries to continue towards industrialization and urbanization.

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This paper shows the effect of townscape discussion tool “Machinami Carta”, which is designed to plan the process of creating townscape through community participation. In this study, we aim to clear the steps towards making agreements among people living in “Yubara area Minakami town Tone-gun Gunma prefecture.” “Machinami Carta” is a tool designed to play games to gain four effects.
· To know the townscape in present.
· A tool used to communicate with each other.
· To share images of townscape
· To make people participate in agreement formation.

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This study aims to develop and test a tool for analyzing visual structures of day and night-scapes from an ecological approach. Gradient of texture, a concept based on Gibson's theory on visual perception, of urban day and night-scapes are compared by quantifying the roughness of textures in digital landscape images. Results show that roughness of texture decreases by distance in day-scapes while it increases in night-scapes, showing differences in visual structures between day and night.

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This report aims to evaluate the implementation of the lot register system and minimum lot control by “Tsukuba Lot Control Ordinance” though 26 years with the view of lot cntrol. The ordinance which was enacted by firstly Ibaraki prefecture and secondary Tsukuba city under the Article 50 of Building Standard Law prescribes the procedure of minimum lot (165m²) regulation and lot register system among other things. This report reviews the changes of the details of implementation process and finds some of suggestions for utilizing lot register system for the other local governments.

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With operation of “Special Designated Zoning” in Hyogo Prefecture, it become clear the problems of City Land-Use in the Urbanization Control Area. These are the adjustment base about the Section related city planning and Section related to agriculture, Residents and City of Town Administration and Prefecture Administration.

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Site reading is a key aspect in the initial studies of architectural design. The case study is conducted on six-year experience of undergraduate and graduate architectural design studios where significant efforts are given to the site reading and contextual analysis. The study is also conducted on experimental utilization of their outcomes in three exhibitions and other related activities. The results are examined in two ways: the educational effects and the merit in regional community development. The possibility of such educational program is discussed in relation to the recent social needs which the new architectural profession is expected to undertake.

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The objective of this study is to find out an optimal type of vicinity infrastructure suitable for aging community especially in cold and snowy regions.
An investigation was carried out at a couple of aging new towns developed in Midorigaoka, which are situated on the fringe of the urbanising area of a regional centre city of Asahikawa in Hokkaido.
The residents of the Midorigaoka district appreciate the existing infrastructure of partly widened road in the cul-de-sac system, and it is concluded that a footpath widening to make a small pedestrian precinct for vicinity use is much preferable for the aging community in cold and snowy regions.

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The purpose of this study is to obtain information to develop land use planning support tools (PSS) using GIS through questionnaire survey. The focus of this survey is upon an urban planning section in provincial government, an urban planning consultant company and a private think tank company. The rate using GIS for land use planning is 56 percent, but GIS is mainly used as data management tools. In addition, many of those surveyed are using commercial GIS software more than PSS. Finally, many answers showed required functions of PSS are data management and mapping function, and desired use of PSS data is mainly for land use, zoning and population distribution.

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This essay discloses some effects and problems by the eco coin in investigating and analyzing the user circumstance, listening investigations through the social experiment. There are three effects by the eco coin. (1) The community effect, (2) the effect of improvement in the environment consciousness, and (3) the creating the new faculty. There are also mainly two problems. The eco coin project had some fixed user, but it didn't have some user not to get some new user as a whole. And the rate of realization is low.
From these problems, the eco coin project needs to put in the event united with environmental activities for getting some continuous effects by the eco coin in the future.

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This study focuses on the street name system for supporting and guiding pedestrians, and aims to clarify the effects and to point out the issues by introducing the system through the social experiment at Tenjin District in Fukuoka City.
Firstly, through the questionnaire survey of visitors, shop owners and guides, we evaluate the street name system by analysis their impression. Second, we point out the issues how to name the streets and how to place the signposts. Finally, we propose the methods to improve the street name system.

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Recent geoinformatic technology is one of the significant fields in the digital earth era. This paper demonstrates a trial of making urban recovery digital archive of Edo-Tokyo on Google Earth as one of the case studies. The digital archive consists of 119 maps/pictures from 1838 to 1997 of three important areas in Tokyo (Marunouchi, Otemachi, Kyobashi, and Nihonbashi), which represent its dramatic historical change including the recovery process from Tokyo Earthquake in 1923 and the destruction in 1945 due to the World War II. Using some functions (overlay, timescale, and place mark), it enables us to understand urban transition of Tokyo.

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This study focused on Cobb Hill Cohousing, an “ecovillage” type cohousing community established in the heartland of Vemont as one of the activities of the Sustainability Institute founded by Dr. Donella H. Meadows, one of the main proponents of the sustainability movement in the United States and author of “The Limits to Growth” and “Beyond the Limits,” in order to conduct research with the goal of achieving a sustainable society. First, based on an overview of Cobb Hill Cohousing and its principles, the characteristics, scake and configuration of Cobb Hill Cohousing were organized and basic knowledge was obtained in order to determine its present status. Next, a site survey was conducted (August 2005) to determine the attitudes of residents, the distribution of facilities, the state of various systems and the management status by means of an opinion survey and interviews, and the results were compiled. In addition, a comparative study was conducted for Cobb Hill Cohousing and other ecovillage type and general type cohousing communities in the United States. The study resulted in a determination of the characteristics of Cobb Hill Cohousing and an identification of the role of Cobb Hill Cohousing in community-building and problems faced by the community, and the gaining of an understanding of living and residential environments and coexistence at cohousing communities.

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The purpose of this study is to explain actual condition of dwelling and daily life of international students. We made a following survey, and got 197 effective answers about type of house, housing equipment, practice condition of part time job, communication, number of exchange and so on. Below are two main result. First, the condition of Master's students from China are poor. Second, dwelling condition of private apartments are poor.

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In today, elderly people have various housing demand for their lifestyle, then various types of rental housing for elderly are developing, elderly apartments, group homes and other types. They need information of them, but it not enough for their demands. It is required to arrange deferent professionals for supporting to make the information. Then, we organized “Sapporo Housing Platform” which is consisted various professionals to solve this issue. The information to elderly apartments is very useful for elderly people who are considering living in them. The Platform is very helpful to develop new housing business which tasks required wide-ranging professionals.

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This study aims to raise the employment rate for people with disabilities. It quantifies the monetary value of improvement effect, introduces universal design to existing buildings, and provides basic data for facility management planning. Twelve buildings owned by Company T have been investigated to evaluate universal design by applying the Comprehensive Assessment Systems of Universal Design Achievements (CASUDA) method developed by Sawada et al.

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Munafuda · Heigushi, in this research, are blessed wooden plates for invocations at construction works. The analysis of 91 historic Munafuda · Heigushi of Hashimoto, Wakayama identified as follows; (1) Munafuda-style changed to blank Heigushi-style around 1850's. Heigushi-style with inscription restarted since 1910's. (2) Vertical heights of Munafuda · Heigushi were extended with time; in particular Heigushi-style with inscription was remarkably heightened after 1910's. The transition of Munafuda · Heigushi could be identified by collecting and analyzing multiple Munafuda · Heigushi in a region; therefore, by using it, even blank Munafuda · Heigushi could support identifying construction ages.

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In this study, the construction and maintenance of the straw-thatched roofs, preserved in traditional Korean folk villages, are considered. In these villages, the roofs are re-thatched with straw, which is the by-product of rice grown by the villagers every year. In different villages, there are some differences in the way of constructing the roofs. However, the techniques for maintaining the roofs are the same. The straw-thatched roofs are an essential part of the cultural assets and they are important as the circumstances for preserving and inheriting the folk technology. However, presently, the shortages of materials and of the professionals are the problems. This study attempts to record and analyze the regional characteristics of the straw-thatched roofs so as to provide fundamental documents for preserving this folk technology.

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In order to reproduce both transient dynamics and space distribution of an urban population only derived from a simple self-organism principle, a multi-agent simulation model is established. A resident agent tries to move to a cell so as to maximize his own utility that is defined by both effects of distance from the urban central and population density. The so-called “doughnut phenomenon” as well as growing Densely Inhabited District (DID) can be emulated qualitatively, even though the model bases on a simple self-organism rule.

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Recent earthquake damages show that damage of non-structural components, such as walls and ceilings, mechanical and electrical components, often cause malfunctions of functional requirements of buildings. Authors propose a practical seismic risk assessment for functional requirements of buildings using Fault Tree and Monte Carlo simulation, considering secondary damages and restoration scenarios. By using this risk assessment, priority of prior countermeasures can be evaluated.

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From the afternoon of 20^th to the morning of 21^st, in October, 2004, Strong gale wind had blown, which direction was about NNE-NE, at the coastal area of Toyama Prefecture by Tyhoon0423. The observed maximum instantaneous wind speed at Marine Training Center of Toyama National College of Maritime Technology was 42.1m/s at 20:30 of 20^th. Also, this wind raised the developed high waves, which the significant wave height was about 5-7 meters, its wave period was about 7-9 seconds and its direction was about NNE at about from 22:00 of 20^th to 04:00 of 21^st, Toyama-bay has wide deep water area, over about 500-1000meters, and narrow shallow water coastal area, under about 100-200meters, By this characteristics, such high waves are caused and many ships had been damaged.

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