Journal of Rural Problems
Online ISSN : 2185-9973
Print ISSN : 0388-8525
ISSN-L : 0388-8525
Volume 26, Issue 1
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
  • Yoshito Itohara
    1990 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 1-9,53
    Published: March 25, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The objectives of this paper is to study the role of the information under uncertainty for decision making. So, I constructed the equation of management behavior from the maximization hypothesis of expected utility. There exists management behavior for risk lover and averter. Therefore, the management performs the decision making for the production schedule with the price setting increased or decreased by the risk profit or loss under uncertainty. The managers' decision makings of optimum production shedules change due to their expected prices which are in fluenced by the price infomations.
    Studying the effects whih the information gives to the managemnet behavior in the case of dairy farming, the followings are found:
    a. Price informations of purchased feeds determine the production structure of self-supplied forages, provided that self-supplied forages' production proceeds basically toward the direction of the decreasing of marginal cost by the “ratchet effect” not-with-standing the level of the price informations for purchased feeds in order to keep the economic surplus.
    b. The milk production schedule is determined toward the increasing direction in the case of the high cost for milk price informations. But, if the information of purchased feed price contained in the total feed price is high cost the optimum milk production is decreased in the short term. In a long term, however, it is thought that the optimum milk production will increase by the “ratchet effect” of self-suppled forages.
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  • Hideomi Yaoita
    1990 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 10-15,53
    Published: March 25, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this paper is to substantiate the economic efficiency in the investment for enlargement of the paddy field consisting of lots, each of which is more than 50 ares, with farm roads and a water way for irrigation and drain age, through an investment analysis of a case in which production is organized at the community level and lots' use is accumulated.
    The labor efficiency, a basic factor in promoting the economic efficiency, of the enlargement investment, is increased in the areas of both mechanical and manual work. The production organization has enhanced production efficiency, with centralized management of work to be carried out on the basis of cooperation.
    The investment analysis is made with the combined use of the present value of profit method and internal rate of return method. In this study, the internal rate of return of 17.1% is obtained on the basis of the following assumptions: (1) the amount of investment consists of the amount borne by beneficiaries, (2) annual profit is constant and (3) the useful life of fixed assets is 30 years.
    The economic efficiency of the investment can be judged from comparing the internal rate of return with an average interest rate on the funds raised.
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  • Minoru Hamazaki, Mitsuru Uyama
    1990 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 16-26,54
    Published: March 25, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Spun silk is made from waste silk which is a byproduct of the silk-raising and the silk-reeling industry. The object of this paper is to make clear the behavioral principle and market structure of spun silk industry by the theoretical analysis in modern economics.
    Although price fluctuations between the spun silk and the waste silk have a certain common tendency, the rate of price fluctuation of the waste silk in larger than that of the spun silk. Thus, in this paper it is analyzed the actual conditions of these price fluctuations and the factors affectings the fluctuations through the above mentioned theoretical study.
    The big gap between the rate of price fluctuations of the spun silk and the waste silk is related to the characteristic of market structure. The fators affecting the gap can be grouped into the following three cases:
    (1) In the case when market is perfectly competitive and the demand curve of spun silk shifts unstably, the price fluctuation is strongly related to the existance of the costs other than waste silk.
    (2) In the case when market is perfectly competitive and the supply curve of waste silk shifts by the external factors such as cocoon and silk market, the price fluctuation is largely influenced by increase in the marginal cost other than waste silk.
    (3) In the case when a firm takes a monopolistic behavior, the gap of price fluctuations apperaring in the perfectly competitive market is enlarged and amplified by elastic demand for spun silk and inelastic supply for waste silk.
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  • Kazuyoshi Uchida
    1990 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 27-35,54
    Published: March 25, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Enri Hayashi is one of ronos who had great influences to agriculture in Meiji Era.
    Although there have been manay researches who have done researches about Enri Hayashi, very few have examined on his thought itself. In this paer I tried to analyse his thought. Enri emphasised that modernizasion was necessary for Japan, because Japan was confronted with difficulties in the period of imperialism. He stated that Japan could be modernised by increasing its agricultural productivity, because the nature and climate of Japan was especially suitable for farming. He then pointed out the follownig three means for increasing agricultural productivity:
    (1) the diffusion of double cropping;
    (2) the land reclamations for farming and the discontinuation of Toshi-nawashiro (a rice nursery through the year); and
    (3) the diffusion of Enri's farming method.
    Among the above three, the diffusion of Enri's farming method was considered to be the central one. He emphasised the importance of agriculture among all industries. His thought belongs to the “agriculture-first” principle. His thought is not necessarily ideal but more practical, and this is the point in which his thought could be differentiated from the others who have similar thought like Enri.
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  • Seong Ill Han
    1990 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 36-44
    Published: March 25, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • In Relation to the Change of Business Organization Form of Modern Cooperatives
    Hitoshi Aoyagi
    1990 Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 45-52
    Published: March 25, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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