During the 1990s, a new type of agricultural cooperative called New Generation Cooperatives (NGC) has been established especially in the Northwest area of the United States.
The main business strategy of NGC is to try to find regional resources that could be marketed in the niche market, therefore the problem NGC will face or is facing is how it can be successful in the markets of major agricultural or livestock products.
In the livestock industry including both of the production and slaughtering, processing, the small number of producers and packers occupy the large share of the markets. Therefore U. S. Premium Beef that is one of the most prominent NGC and consists of producers at various stages could become the appropriate case study to analyze how NGC is working in the market of major agricultural products.
On the other hand, the vertical coordination based on producers is different from one initiated by packers and it has its own unique advantage. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the difference between the two, the advantage and the relationship between the advantage and the specific structure NGC has.

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This paper estimated household demand system in rural China and it's structural change using a two-stage LA/AIDS and pooled time-series and regional cross-section data from the Rural Household Surveys for 1985-98.
From our estimated results, we found that expenditure and own-price elasticities for food group have greatly fallen from 1.0, -1.3 in 1985-92 to 0.7, -0.6 in 1993-98, while for other non-food groups such as clothing, housing, articles for daily use, education, and other expenditures, have become more elastic in the same periods. Within the food group, staple grain and vegetables have the smallest expenditure elasticities of 0.2 and 0.6, while meat & eggs, other foods, cooking oil, liquor and fish have larger elasticities in a range of 1.6-2.3 in 1985-92, Although these individual fords' expenditure elasticities, as well as their price elasticities, dropped large in 1993-98, some foods, such as liquor, meat & eggs, fish keep their expenditure elasticities in range of 1.1-1.6.
Compared these results with urban household, it can de found that, expenditure elasticity's gap between grain, vegetables and other foods with animal origin are larger, and demands for almost commodities, except housing, are more income elastic in the rural households. This means that, potential market in the rural is not only wide, but also very deep. Only income permit, demands for foods with animal origin and other industrial commodities in the rural will increase more rapidly than in urban.

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Recently, the meaning of the food-agriculture education has been pointed out drawing attention to the education power which agriculture has. An agricultural high school is an educational institution concerned with agriculture. However, its environment is severe. An agricultural high school is the best base facility for food-agriculture education.
The followings were pointed out.
Firstly, an agricultural high school provides a place for experience study. Secondly, it provides the region with an agricultural technology center and a life study center. Thirdly, it provides a broad network between agricultural high schools. Fourthly, as students are used as assistants, it provides a chance for them to develop their own education skills.

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