All issues
Volume 28, Issue 1
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Fujio Kumnri1992 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 1-8
Published: March 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAgriculture can be grasped as an objective organization making effective use of agricultural production resources, that is the utilization system for agricultural resources. As a result of industrialization of agriculture, the utilization system has remarkably changed, especially the totality of farm management has lost. The persistent reproduction of agriculture is currently inquired.
In the paper, 1 considered various views of agricultural system such as farm and technological system, agricultural ecosystem, entropy system, synthesis of economic and ecology system, and made sure that the contemporary view of the utilization system for agricultural resources is the conservation system of resources and environment that connects the human society, resources, and the natural environment. Then 1 clarified the fundamental framework and structure of the utilization system for agricultural resorces.View full abstractDownload PDF (1703K) -
Satoshi Kai1992 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 9-17
Published: March 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to compare beef production costs between Japan and the United States, and investigate strategies of reduction in cost of producing beef in Japan. A greater emphasis is placed on estimating costs of the feedlots in the United States which are operating to export beef to Japan. A questionaire survey was carried out at 5 feedlots in 1991. But costs data received from 3 feedlots are used in this analysis. The major results are as follows:
1. Although there is a wide difference in herd size per operation between two countries, the Japanese cost per day for feeding Wagyu steers is only 1.6 times higher than the U. S. cost per day for beef cattle.
2. However, the total cost per head for Wagyu steers in Japan is 4.8 times higher than the total cost per head in the United States.
3. The feeding period in Japan is 3 times as long as the U. S. mainly because the conversion rate in feeding Wagyu steers is so low.
4. Consequently, the 4.8 times difference in total cost per head is due to the 3 times difference in feeding period and the 1.6 times difference in daily cost.
5. The major part of the total costs per head in both countries is the feeder calf cost, which comprises 58 percent of the total cost in either country.
6. The results of analysis on costs for dairy steer feeding show that 3.1 times difference in total cost per head is caused by 2.1 times difference in feeding period and 1.5 times difference in daily cost.View full abstractDownload PDF (1633K) -
Toyonobu Satoh1992 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 18-26
Published: March 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNatural and non-natural resources in a mountain region have been conserved and utilized by a village community and farmers lived there. Especially, the natural resources have been watched over through agricultural production aimed for profit. Since the population decrease rapidly in the area, the ratio of the senior citizen in the population increases and the profitability of farm management decreases, it becomes more and more difficult for the village community and the farmers to play important roles for conserving and utilizing the resources.
Under the severe environment, policy guidelines for revitalizing conservation and utilization of natural and non-natural resources are as follows. In the case of natural resources, (1) agricultural product price policies don't work well, (2) subsidy policies aimed for just resource conservation without agricultural production should be adopted when a resource utilizing level is beyond a certain standard, and (3) public investments for reducing agricultural production costs will play important roles. In the case of non-natural resources like historic sites, scenic spots and traditional cultural events originated in a region, a local government should play important roles for conserving the resources. Otherwise, the conservation will not be achieved because of the so-called “Market Failure”.View full abstractDownload PDF (1703K) -
Shinji Tojo1992 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 27-36
Published: March 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authorities concerned have attempted to promote the cooperation among organizations for contract farming in rice and feed and forage crops production. However, most have failed. The reason are as follows: Firstly, it is difficult to consider the cooperation without avoiding the competition for contracting farmland among the organizations. Secondly, since agricultural production heavily depends on the weather, it is apt for the farmers in cooperation to conflict each other.
The key whether we can resolve the aforementioned problem or not depends on the potential of energy stemed from daily social relations such as friendship and kinship. Therefore, we must pay attention to farmers' informal activities based on the daily social relations. The informal activities have remarkable effects on the operation and management of an organization and the relation among organizations in the following three phases:
when a series of cooperation is developed by a part of members of an organization, the energy makes up the deficiency of functions of the organization in the manner which reduces the occurrence of conflicts in the organization;
when a series of cooperation is developed beyond an organization, even if the organizations compete each other, the energy reduces the intensification of competition and leaves the door open for cooperation in the manner which prevents from the occurrence of conflicts among the organizations;
and when a series of cooperation developed beyond an organization is combined with that in the organization, even if the organizations compete, the energy amplified by the combination makes the group cooperation and its continuation possible.View full abstractDownload PDF (1759K) -
Tatsuo Uchida1992 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 37-43
Published: March 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1254K) -
Yukio Imamura1992 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages 44-45
Published: March 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (391K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|