Journal of Rural Problems
Online ISSN : 2185-9973
Print ISSN : 0388-8525
ISSN-L : 0388-8525
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Volume 27, Issue 4
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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  • The Revitalization of Agriculture, Forestry, and Community in the Rural Area and the Role of local Goverments and Merit Groups
    Report of the 41th Annual Meeting of the Association for Regional Agricultural and Forestry Economics
    Fujio Kumori
    1991 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 159
    Published: December 25, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.27.159
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Fundamental Issues for Rural Revitalization Associated With Regional Agriculture and Forestry
    Yoshio Kawamura
    1991 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 160-169,202
    Published: December 25, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.27.160
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This paper deals with a framework for rural revitalization related to major changes of rural communities in the 1980s' Japan focusing on the following six issues.
    [1] Change of national economy from internationalization to globalization has left agriculture for the most difficult position because of the least mobility of its major resources, especially land.
    [2] Change into urbanized society has brought three different phenomena assoicated with regional differentiation: increase in the number of part-time farm households throughout the country; in-migration of ex-urban residents into urban-fringe rural communities; and depopulation related to aging in remote rural communities.
    [3] Value change towards amenity has focused on agricultural roles for: safety and diversity of food supply; job opportunity for women and aged people; recreation and cultural conservation; education for children; and conservation of soil, water and air.
    [4] Rural community dynamism is formed by both: dynamically functioning system, which is generally carried by goal-oriented social groups, and potentially functioning system, which is often carried by traditional social groups and prerequisite for the dynamically functioning system in rural vitalization.
    [5] Rural economic development scheme, conventionally based on Fordism assuming both mass-production by monoculture and mass-consumption market, is to be diversified by nicheism assuming both small-scale production with diversity of crops and niche market.
    [6] Process of decision-making and enforcement for rural development policy is to be shifted from vertical integration within the framework of bureaucracy to horizontal integration based on local network systems for endogenous development with people's participation.
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  • The Role of Agricultural Cooperatives in the Development of Regional Agriculture
    Kazuo Tamon-in
    1991 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 170-177,202
    Published: December 25, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.27.170
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The Japanese agriculture has been deeply damaged by an increase of imported agricultural products. In the course of in creasing import, main agricultural regions in Japan has been suffered. Under the circumstance, agricultural cooperatives are expected to promote regional agriculture and to sustain regional economy. In the paper, case studies show how agricultural cooperatives promote regional agriculture.
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  • The Development of Forestry in the Rural Community and the Role of Forestry Cooperatives
    Yoshinao Murashima
    1991 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 178-184,203
    Published: December 25, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.27.178
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The economic environment surrounding forestry households and a mountain village has been a tense situation. The private ownership forest mainly used to be managed by family farms. In the process of economic development inhabitants in mountain villages have spilt over, the amount of imported timber has burst out increasing. The 70% of timber consumption is fulfilled by the foreign timber. The internal rate of return of forestry production has fallen from 6% in 1960 to 2% in the 1980's, so forestry has intensified the tendency to come apart from management.
    The government expected that forestry cooperatives became leaders not only in forest management but also in the rural community. Since the later half of the 1970's, the government has shifted its policy to one which gives priority to strengthening the forest cooperatives rather than forest households. The forest cooperatives have equipped machine and secured labor to conduct afforestation, thinning, and cutting. Therefore, they have been built up as the most important leaders of the Japanese forestry.
    In spite of the significant role and the established reputation of the forestry cooperatives, they face the troublesome problems, such as a decrease of number of forest workers and the skill deterioration due to the increasing ratio of aged workers.
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  • Current Roles of Local Governments for the Revitalization of Agriculture and Forestry in the Rural Area
    Izumi Iwama
    1991 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 185-191,203
    Published: December 25, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.27.185
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In this paper, the author analyzes current roles of local governments in Japan. The Central Government and a prefectural government have been responsible for policy making in national level, on the other hand a city government, a town goverment and a village government have qeen responsible for the fulfillment of the required policies in the local level which they are belong to.
    The late Professor Seiichi Tohbata mentioned that the development of Japanese agriculture largely depended on the efforts of the Central Government which did not own risk. And he also pointed that a peasant was merely a follower of the policies established by the Central Government. However, the author mentions that the local governmets, such as a city government, a town governmet and a village governmet, have been taking very important roles on the agricultural development in the local level. And he also indicates the following points; (1) the most important target of local governmets have been the also indicates perfect fulfillment of policies with no failure, (2) peasants have been organized by the advanced farmer who has been taking an important leadership of a community.
    The key strategy for the revitalization of agriculture in the local level is tightening and strengthening the relationship and the cooperation among local governments, agricultural cooperatives and advanced farmers.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    1991 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 192-195
    Published: December 25, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.27.192
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Replys
    1991 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 196-198
    Published: December 25, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.27.196
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • The Japanese Beef Cattle and Citrus Industries in the Trade Liberalization Era
    Naonobu Asano
    1991 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 199-201
    Published: December 25, 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.27.199
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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