From the viewpoint of material circulation, the recycling of organic wastes is useful to solves the environmental problem in a region. In this research, it aimed at clarifying the non-marketed value of the recycling function of organic resource as one of “the many-sided functions which agricluture and rural areas have.” Using CVM(Contingent Valuation Method) which is one of the evaluation techniques of the non-marketed value, I estimates WTP(Willing to Pay)to the service or the system of the recycling of organic resources for general residents and farms, by the questionnaire data carried out for Furano-shi, Hokkaido, Yagi-cho, Kyoto, and Oda-shi, Shimane, which is a typical rural area. From the result, it clarified about what characteristics of each local area are reflected in WTP, and a future of recycling policy was explored.

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In Japan, recycling of organic resources is a major policy toward forming a recycling society. For this study to achieve a similar purpose, a field survey was carried out based on questionnaires with the contents of the actual condition and the subject of the recycling of the organic resources, and the using of recycled articles. The survey result showed that although recycling works were on execution in many places and sectors, the using of the recycled articles was making little progress. This was because the enlightenment to people in connection with the recycling, and the quality and the guarantee of safety of the recycled articles were not made. Moreover, a composting of the organic resources was tried and the application effect of organic composts was investigated.

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In this study, historic positioning and geographical positioning of the firewood and charcoal use in Japan was done and a traditional supply method was clarified to consider a circulation system of forest resources. Firewood and charcoal played a key role of wood use until World War II in Japan. Various devices are elaborate to supply a large quantity of felling trees to a consuming area. A transportation method with a river called “Kinagasi” was used in those days. A lot of description on Kinagasi emerge to a geographical book of Tohoku region.

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We evaluated 41city parks in Hiroshima City using ants as bio-indicator. These parks could be classified into two groups based on ant fauna. Such classification, as well as ant species diversity, seemed to be due to average canopy cover in each park. Multiple regression analysis showed that average canopy cover and hedgerow species diversity affected ant species diversity.

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Recently, scientific wildlife management has introduced in Japan. Attention has especially paid on wildlife whose population has been increasing/decreasing, or which causes trouble with human-beings. This article deals with the case where prey has economic value and is treated at the markets, whereas predator has no economic value and causes agricultural/forestry and fishery damages. Theoretical model has been developed and numerical simulation reveals the followings: (1) if the price of the prey increases repidly at the low resource level, crucial resource depletion will occur because producer tries to maximize his revenue., (2) by maintaining prey more than certain level, prey is also protected, and (3) resource conservation is consistent with the increase of consumer surplus.

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Volcanic eruptions in 2000 had a great impact on the fauna and flora of Miyake Island, Japan. We studied bird species richness and populations on Miyake Island and analyzed vegetation damage from satellite remote sensing data to estimate the distribution of birds after the eruptions. Stepwise multiple regression models were developed to estimate species richness and population density. Forest coverage and type were selected as variables from four habitat factors, the others were altitude and slope. Bird species richness and population density were highly correlated with forest coverage, and increased as forest coverage increased. We used these models to make distribution maps of estimated species richness and population density on Miyake Island.

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To manitain the native species which grew to the reservoir surroungings edge part, exteriminating and the management method of Pueraria lobata Ohwi was examined. The influence which the difference of the water level of the reservoir gave at the photosynthesis speed of Pueraria lobata Ohwi was examined. The effect of the allelopathy on the germination of Eupatorium Fortunei Turcz. which was the hometown kind was verified at the same time. As a result, it has been understood that the photosynthesis characteristic of Pueraria lobata Ohwi is different depending on the distance from the surface of the water in the reservoir. Moreover, effective that Pueraria lobata Ohwi controls the germination of Eupatorium Fortunei Turcz. has been understood.

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Yatsu Higata is one of the most significant remainig tidal flats in Japan. In recent yerars, Yatsu Higata has witnessed an extraordinary growth of Ulva sp.. This paper explores the possible origins of Ulva sp. in Tokyo Bay and describes field studies intended to explore the relationship between the Ulva sp. found in Yatsu Higata and in Tokyo Bay. As a result, The Ulva sp. flourishes in Yatsu Higata, due to the ready supply of nutrient runoff supplied by the Yatsu River. The movement of Ulva sp. from the flats to beyond may help reduce the pollutant load on Tokyo Bay while simultaneously helping to preserve the Yatsu Higata environment.

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Experimental investigation on the interspecific competition was conducted on phytoplankton appeared in eutrophicated lakes. Results are as follows; 1)phytoplankton growth is influenced independently by temperature and illuminance, 2)bacillariophyceae is greatly influenced by the interspecific competition on phytoplankton such as metabolite and nutrient salts, 3)the dominant species changes from bacillariophyceae to chlorophyceae are according to the increasing of temperature and illuminance, 4)and the dominance of cyanophyceae requires high-temperature and high-illuminance.

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We censued the number of species, diversity, covering comparatively of the coastal plants and other plants and other plants that grow to the seashore, at 34 sites of the coast area in the Osaka Bay Area, and we grasped the present conditions of 3 environmental factors, (Physical characteristic, artificial characteristic, beach type) that are conceivable that it influences and confirmed these relation. The results showed the following need, (1)Securing of the beach of wide area, (2)Creating of the seashore of the open type, (3)Enforcement of an appropriate application and control, for control other plants and conserve coastal plants. And it became clear that the order that 3 environment characteristics influence to the number of species, diversity, and covering comparatively, differs.

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We investigated and considered the seed germination characteristic and the vegetation management measures for conservation in Yato about a threatened plant species Alisma rariflorum Samuelsson. The rate of a germination increased by carrying out low-temperature and wet processing, and this seed showed the highest one under 30°C conditions especially at the time of the germination experiment. This seed germination characteristic was corresponded to the growth environment of this plant well, where was the marsh near springs in the back of Yato. Moreover, the monitoring of the vegetation change in the fallow field, which performed disturbance of different intensity, was surveyed every month. As a result, by rummage of a surface part, luxuriant growth of Pericaria thunbergii was not controlled, but growth of Alisma rariflorum was recognized only in the quadrate, which dug up about 30cm.

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Recently, the water quality in steram basins has become a serious problem in rural areas. The two primary threats to water quality in rural river basins are fretilizer from fields, and water pollution caused by livestock waste. In this paper, the effects of land use and mangement of cattle on the stream water quality were investigated in the Takase Watershed, Aomori Prefecture. Total nitrogen concentration and flow rate of stream were measured. It was clear that total nitrogen concentration was on the increase in promotion to the percentage of upland field and grassland. Total nitrogen of out flow from upland field and grassland were greatly influenced by grassland stocking density. Outflow rate of total nitrogen from grassland was from 10 to 12 percentage.

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In recent years, there is a growing concern about the existence of YATO-type (small valleys) basin because of its environmental value. In this study, the environment of YATO, especially the water quality of the tributaries of a suburban river flowing through the basin was investigated. From the results, the water samples collected from the tributaries of the river flowing through Fujisawa city detected with highly concentrated ions. It was considered as the effects of agriculture and livestock industries in the aera. And the quality analysis of soil solution and water samples showed that the soil and the water of the YATO-type basin were affected by fertilizer nutrients and livestock wastes from the upper area. On the other hand, the water quality purification capacity of YATO was found at the downward side with decreased amount of ion concentration. To preserve the function of such YATO-type basins, it is necessary to improve farming method including fertilizer application management in the upper area.

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This research investigated evaluation for the tap water service and the actual of mineral water purchase behavior at the Linong-residental section, Shanghai CHINA and examined the subject of the life water uitilization in the future. As results, “the taste” of the tap water service gets “good” evaluation along with the improvement of the river water quality and cleared that “safety recognition” was high. However, recently mineral water purchased regularly. Now many kind of mineral water bottle are sold but the collection-recycling mechanism isn't enough of the miniature PET bottle and then correspondence by the social enlightenment is necessary. Recently, demand for water increases rapidly, and it is necessary future view about the efficient use and securing the water resources.

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the impact of a drought in 2001 on farmers and their responses to it in a rural village in Inner Mongolia, China. We compared a village survey data of 2000 (non-drought year) and 2001 (drought year). The drought in 2001 reduced both agricultural production and crop income. It also caused a change in the share of agricultural products that were consumed as food and livestock fodder. Farmers responded to drought by increasing the area of land cultivated, reserving food and fodder and correspondingly reducing the quantity of products sold, and increasing income from non-agricultural work. Surprisingly, the change in food consumption and income between the non-drought and drought periods was small.

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Vietnam's DOI MOI Program exerted a strong influence on the environment in Vietnam, especially on water environment, Hanoi, also, cannot get around the situation. Due to repeated and unplanned land-fill works, an overflow and contamination of existing rivers', lakes', and marshes' water were brought about in an urban area, particularly a central urban area. Moreover, the small-scale lake is increasing rapidly on a central urban area and the outskirts of it. In this research, we typified the lakes and marshes in Hanoi, and collected the features in hard/soft side of each type. With the use of information we got from there, we proposed the future tasks for living together with lakes and marshes of many sizes.

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The objectives of this research targeted slash and burn cultivation areas in the northern part of Lao P.D.R are 1)overview of recent land use policy measures carried out by Government of Lao in order to stabilize slash and burn cultivation and to achieve proper land use; 2) to evaluate the actual land use based on diagnostic research in Luang Phabang Province. The major results are 1) traditional land use manner is classified into three types; 2) Land-forest allocation project had some significant effects on farmers' efforts at agricultral land use; 3) villagers realize the dependence of their lives on forest; 4) future monitoring and evaluation of land use on allocated plots are essential.

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