In this paper, I examined a case in which the administration led the introduction of small hydroelectric generator in an agricultural watercourse maintained and managed by a hamlet. The electricity sales revenues were used throughout the city to advance agriculture and repair agricultural facilities. In order to elucidate the negative and positive reactions of the hamlet’s residents, their level of understanding of how the sales revenue was used, and the outlook for the generator’s maintenance and management, I surveyed all hamlet households via a questionnaire. Interest and method of involvement in the community appears to have played an important role in their levels of understanding, participation in administration explanatory sessions was reflected therein.

In this research, we aimed to set and verify consciousness models of energy for university students, and to clarify changes in consciousness by energy education. From the results of the questionnaire survey conducted four times before and after the lecture of two times, covariance structure analysis was carried out and the hypothetical model of consciousness of energy of university student was examined. As a result of simultaneous multiple-group analysis, the consciousness of the university students' energy was shown that the consciousness of “understanding of nuclear power and renewable energy” became influenced to “interest in energy” by implementation of lectures.

Wood has an important role in realizing a low-carbon society. This study estimated carbon stocks in urban and forest areas with a view to promoting wood use. The study involved network analysis using a geographic information system in forest areas and urban areas. The study explored six scenarios, including the substitution of wooden houses for non-wooden houses and extending the life span of houses. One scenario showed that substituting three percent of non-wooden houses and doubling the life span of wooden houses could fix 160 million tons of carbon. Moreover, this study visualized the gap between supply and demand for wood in urban and forest areas and analyzed the spatial distribution of supply and demand.

In this research, we describe the business options that prosumer can possess for “surplus energy” under dynamic pricing. We analyze the value structure from the viewpoint of the two business options, short-term repeat business option “power sale timing option” and long-term business option “power storage equipment installation option”. Considering the value structure of “power storage equipment installation option” to be the business option with additional value based on “power sale timing option” as the underlying asset, we analyze factors of change in value due to the uncertainty of the electricity price fluctuation range. The sensitivity analysis by the case study shows the tendency of increase in option value due to fluctuation of electricity price. In addition, the tendency of change in option value due to capacity of power storage equipment is shown.

This study was conducted to elucidate characteristics of reports in Japan by particularly addressing reporting related to IPCC Fourth Assessment Report and Fifth Assessment Report. Target newspapers were The Asahi Shimbun, The New York Times, and The Guardian, which positively report climate change issues. Reports published one week after the completion of Working Group 1 (WG1) to Working Group 3 (WG3) were assessed. The numbers of reporting, frame of controversy, and report contents were compared. Results show some identifiable tendencies: in Japan, the scientific frame such as WG1 is less emphasized; in editorials, discussions based on policy actors aren’t prominent.

This study was conducted in an attempt to visualize the concerns of stakeholders (SH) by using text mining analysis on the text data which is the result of interview survey to the SH in the Nagara River watershed in Gifu prefecture. The analysis of classifying SH into 6 group by tendency of appearance of words and visualizing relationship between words revealed that 1) all groups were interested in the impact of climate change, declining Ayu in Nagara river and fishermen, the life in future, or regional relationship 2) there are shared concerns and problem consciousness even if the fields of business or activities are different such as for example Ayu in the Nagara River between fishery and tourism SH.

After the three-year discussion on the adequacy of the long-term global goal, the structured expert dialogue (SED) reported that it is inadequate to understand up to 2 °C of warming is considered safe and that countries should continue considerations on strengthening the long-term global goal to 1.5 °C. This research aimed to summarize the SED outcomes and analyzed how stakes of the governments were reflected to the final outcome.

This study aimed to estimate the diet of fireflies (Luciola cruciata and Luciola lateralis) on valley bottoms. Firefly and snail samples were collected from the Kawana green lung, in Fujisawa city. Stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) were determined for the fireflies and their possible food items. The estimated diet of the former firefly (L. cruciata) were snails in each sampling site. The stable isotope ratios for the firefly samples indicated relations between habitats of the imago and habitats of the larvae. The estimated diet of the latter firefly (L. lateralis) were not always snails.

Feed-in-Tariff (FIT) is contributing to renewable energy development. FIT was reformed, with minor change in biomass area. Our main target is to evaluate reasonable FIT price which targets middle and small-scale plants. The cost calculation sheet offered by the Cost evaluation committee was revised to compute overall system efficiency, internal energy circulation rate and direct construction cost. Our Cost of Electricity model includes cost reduction by a learning effect in Operation and Maintenance (O&M). Results clarify that present FIT price is too low for middle and small-scale plants, even though cost reduction by the learning effect is included.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of transboundary transport from the Asian continent on the PM_2.5 concentration in the Kanto metropolitan area in Japan and also to investigate the relationship between PM_2.5 concentration and meteorological conditions. Daily PM_2.5 concentrations exceeded the environmental quality standard in Japan for 9 days in 2014, and simultaneously air mass had come from Asian continent in most cases. Such high PM_2.5 events were likely to occur when secondary particle formation was very active in the neighborhood area as well as the transboundary transport from the Asian continent to the Kanto area was also active.

Social Capital (SC), which regards social network as capital is currently gaining more attention as one of the important indicators to evaluate regional capital. In this research, survey was conducted by Resource Generator (RG) in Tateyama City. RG enables us to ask respondents whether anyone who is around him or her can help in daily normal situations or emergencies with 30 questions. The survey clarified that SC in Tateyama city depends on not only demographic factors like gender, age, residence status and number of family members but also experience of moving out. People who did return migration has stronger SC than other people. Also, statistical difference was slightly observed between each area in the city.

This research aimed to clarify the characteristics of the local municipalities that promote ecotourism in Japan into several groups based on the reginal social and economic conditions. The groupings gave us comprehensive understanding on the picture of Ecotourism expanding over Japan. Consequently，those municipalities were divided into 4 groups，in which 3 different types of Ecotourism are considered to be promoted. As the conclusion，those types of Ecotourism were respectively given names of “Resort type with rarely seen nature”，“Day trip type in urban space”，“Short trip type with travel activity”. These empirical findings would help the municipalities which wish to promote eco-tourism in the future.

In this paper, conservation activities of Abiki Wetland,Kasai city, Hyogo Prefecture as a case, I analyze the conservation activities for natural resources by knowledge management. The main findings are as follows: First, knowledges about creatures, wetlands and plant investigation which is required in the wetland conversation are acquired from specialists. Second, original conservation knowledges which are adapted at environment of Abiki wetland are created in the discussions between specialists and conversation activities members. Third, knowledge management in conversation activities of Abiki wetland is supported by city officer, specialists and the leader of conversation activities of it, and they take a different role about knowledge management for each one.

The purpose of this research is to clarify the current situation and problems of municipal disaster response and subjective health of the victims. As a result of the survey, Nishihara village built up a flexible organizational structure in disasters and in this village we wanted to build a mutual aid system through disaster prevention drills. In health evaluation, although there are differences between attributes, it is not necessarily stagnant and results of administrative measures.

Taiwan enacted The Environmental Education Act in 2010, made environmental education mandatory for several kinds of authorities (for example, elementary, junior, senior high school or government offices), and produced three kinds of certifications including environmental education institution, personnel and facility (or venue) to promote it. This act encouraged a type of community-managed environmental education. The aim of this study is to disclose the implementation of environmental education following this act and the situation of community-managed environmental education.

While tourism has been promoted in Hulun Lake Nature Reserve since 2012, tourism has been affecting the lives of local residents. The objective of this research is to clarify attitudinal differences towards tourism between tourists and local residents, with the Hulun Lake Nature Reserve set as a subject. In August 2014, Questionnaire survey items were derived from the result of the initial interview research. This survey was administered from the end of August until the middle of October in 2014. A chi-square test was applied for the result analysis. An attitudinal difference between tourists (n=465) and local residents (n=1,647) was detected in two areas: regional understanding, and influences of facility establishment.

This research aims to consider the contents and the direction for developing educational materials on environmental education with including components on the role of waste pickers in the community waste management and with acquiring the capacity for the citizens’ appropriate waste disposal by the author’s action research, in order to alleviate waste picker’s social exclusion. It was developed as one of the learning programs with the following three steps; “(1) Stage for brainstorming (flip cards with quiz)”, “(2) Stage for learning enjoying (carta and board games)”, “(3) Stage for implementing action plan (action plan sheet)”. The needs for setting up mechanism to making regular use of the developed educational materials in the schools, for conducting the environmental education on the waste management together with households and community people, and the importance for cultivating community leaders on the waste management to realize it were clarified.

Recently, Ceratocystis isolates are often found at plantation conducted areas of wilting-fast-growing trees in Southeast Asia. It has been also reported that this wilting damage causes Acacia disease in Vietnam. This study aims to reveal the relationships between forest-resource utilization and prevention approaches to the wilt damage of forest area through the interview survey with people who are engaged in Acacia forestry in central Vietnam. The results suggested that utilization of forest resources by people had prevented the expansion of wilt damage. In addition, it was pointed out that such functions would not be maintained for the future when monetary economy encroached further in their livelihood.

In this study, we conducted a literature survey and a hearing survey in order to capture the transition of community development making full use of dyeing industry in Kanda River and its current trend. As a result, in the dyeing industry in Tokyo, workshops were dispersed and moved according to changes in river environment and land use. In particular, the workshop in the Kanda river basin has a location characteristic dependent on river use. In recent years, diversified business development was carried out through dyeing industry and river mediation by collaborating with various organizations and organizations.

In Lake Biwa, damage of native species’ predation by invasive alien fishes is a problem, and sports fishing for invasive alien fishes is very active. In Shiga Prefecture, regulations to prohibit the release of invasive alien fishes was enacted in 2002, but many anglers are still releasing them. In this research, we aimed to clarify the factor and knowledge for mechanism of release behavior for invasive alien fishes in Lake Biwa. We conducted a questionnaire survey targeting to anglers at coast of Lake Biwa. It was clarified that there were three factors of release behavior: protection consciousness to fishing resources, low recognition of invasive alien species’ problems in Lake Biwa and installation situation of collection boxes for invasive alien fishes.

A relationship between stream-stage variations and growing positions of Persicaria capitata, an alien species recently invades rivers in Japan, was examined. A river revetment with P. capitata was photographed on the length of 59.6 meters in Nishiyoke River of the Yamato River system, in Sakai, Osaka on the summer of 2015. And vertical positions of it were measured at lines set every a meter. At the result of examining relationships of the positions and stream-stage variations for 9 years, it was found out the growth was suppressed strongly under submerging over 260 days and become difficult over 300 days in a total of a year, and it was suppressed continual strongly under submerging over 140 days and become difficult over 200 days in a year. And it was suggested the positions were affected by something else in addition to submerging, for example soil drying and season of P.capitata’s seed dispersal.

Himawari-8, the next-generation geostationary meteorological satellite, was launched on 7 October 2014, and began operation on 7 July 2015. Highly improved sensor AHI (Advanced Himawari Imager) has 16 observation bands, 2.5 minutes observation interval for the whole area of Japan and better spatial resolution than that of former sensors. This study deals with the trend analysis of thermal environment by comparing daily variation in Tokyo Metropolitan area by Himawari-8/AHI data observed continuously.

In order to clarify the relationship between the thermal environment in outdoor space and human space utilization, the survey of thermal environment, physiology/psychological response, and staying situation were carried out. From the results of the survey, it was confirmed that the thermal environment was improved by measures, and the countermeasure place was cool and comfortable by psychological vote. The space utilization was evaluated by the number of users standardized by time and place. Since there is a relationship between the standardized number of users and SET*, it is possible to suggest that the increase in the number of users by mitigating thermal environment can be estimated. In addition, we propose a method to predict increase of users at planning stage using numerical analysis.

Firstly, this paper describes the measured wind speed and air temperature that affect the maximum and annual heating load of greenhouse for a flower plant in cold districts. The investigation revealed that the maximum heating load in a year was mainly due to the highest wind speed but not the lowest air temperature. Secondly, by using the equation obtained by multiple regression analysis of measured data, the daily and annual heating load in cold districts was calculated from the average daily air temperature, wind speed and the number of hours of sunshine. Carbon dioxide emission calculated from the annual heating load of greenhouses in cold districts was about twice that of individual and apartment houses. This suggests that the replacement of the total or a part of fossil fuels consumed in greenhouses by renewable energy such as woody biomass of local forests is effective as global warming countermeasures.

We conducted a mobile observation for microclimate in a summer daytime of Tokyo to examine the spatial anomaly of the thermal environment at a pedestrian level of a residential area. We discussed difference of thermal stress, which is quantified by Wet-bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), between side walk of a main street and narrow street in a residential area. In the observation day, it was under high thermal stress judged from the WBGT although solar radiation was not large. The observation result has also shown that WBGT in the narrow street was higher than that in the side walk of the broad street due mainly to the difference in the humidity and temperature although solar radiation was not the main reason of this high thermal stress in this weather condition.

A verification experiment at a tram stop was conducted to evaluate the effect of mist spray as measure of heart from physiological and psychological responses. In the experiment, the environmental monitoring at 3 points: in the sun, under the tent and under the mist sprayer with a fan, was conducted and physiological and psychological quantity of subjects were measured. As the result of experiment, there is a stronger correlation between thermal sensation and skin temperature of the upper arm than the mean skin temperature, because effects of decreasing skin temperature by the mist sprayer with a fan is seen on the upper body.

We verified the UTCI index whether it is useful for a climate stress information, by confirming of daily heat and cold stresses at inland basin from actual human physiological changes. Calculated UTCI values indicated a large difference of morning 7 °C and daytime 30 °C in our observation period. When subjects experienced both stresses of cold and heat of the day, the UTCI information strongly related to their thermal sensations, skin temperatures, blood pressures, and heart rate variabilities. The UTCI and physiological changes also represented the thermophysiologically lowest-level stress in the lower 20 °C range and the increasing stress for shifting to both cold and heat conditions.

In the Edo era when the shipping transport culture prospered, the riverbank area was important as a place with economic effects. Among them, "Ryoutei" located along the river was securing sales style and spatiality considering the water culture. We selected restaurants from the "Kaiseki Sokuseki Oryouri" and analyzed the location characteristics and the changes in the number of cases. As a result, many restaurants proved to be related to transportation culture. It has become clear that it is decreasing due to the decline of shipping transport culture accompanying economic growth and the decline of river value.

The Behavior of Angler in shimoda bay have been clarified by using Video records from Tour Boat. And based on the results, economic value of fishing recreation was estimated. The number of Angler per day was 106.5, and average duration for fishing is 1 h 42min. The economic value of fishing recreation in shimoda bay was estimated about 190million yen per year.

This study focuses on climbing plan document, which is expected to be applied when climbing accidents occur, and aims 1) to grasp the attributes of climbers and the characteristics of their climbing, and to clarify the current state and the detail of the document submission, and 2) to consider the improvement measures and the environment for encouraging the submission. As a result, 32% of climbers had no experience to have submitted a document and the reason was that writing on the document was troublesome and that they didn't know what it was. It is thought to be necessary to spread the methods for submission using internet and to examine the form of the climbing plan document.

This study aims to contribute toward the tourism promotion, through capturing the position of tourism resources scattered in existence and landscape characteristics focused on the primary national road. Therefore, this study carry out visibility Analysis by using land use and elevation data, analysis of principal component and cluster analysis for classification of tourism resources. As the result, this study found out the view area where we can enjoy waterside, countryside and forest landscape in the southern part of Ibaraki Prefecture, countryside, agricultural and sea view landscape in the northern part of Ibaraki Prefecture. This study proposed to the new regional zone in consideration of the existing tourism resources and landscape characteristics of the region.

The problem about sharing trails between hikers and trail runners is getting bigger by the spreading of trail running. This study made the actual condition and the mechanism of this problem cleared by questionnaire survey, furthermore discussed the park management about correct use of trail. In conclusion, the risk of collision between hikers and runners is increased by the narrow and rocky trail, and hikers’ and runners’ action is restricted especially in high use levels. One of the efficient solutions to improve these problems is to control the action of hikers and runners in case of under high risk of the problems.

The purpose of this study is the investigation of preferences of Chinese tourists for a variety of visitor services provided at national parks in Japan. We conducted an online questionnaire survey in China, in order to apply the object case of the best-worst scaling. Results of best-worst scaling revealed that both observation platforms and walking trails were regarded as important items. On the other hand, multifunctional restrooms were selected for the least important item. Conditional and random parameters logit analyses demonstrated that Chinese tourists who had visited national parks in japan were not likely to evaluate the importance of multilingual information and guided tour.

We analyzed the ownership and usage of hybrid cars using households panel survey by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. We showed that 1) the higher the age of households’ head, the higher probability of hybrid car ownership. 2) mileage of hybrid car is 4% longer than other type of cars. 3) car mileage decreases together with age and is affected by service level of public transport. 4) households who replaced hybrid cars from other types of cars tend to have longer mileage.

This study aims to find the causes of hazardous vacant houses in rural local government, based on environmental information. First, the external appearances of all vacant houses in rural local government were correlated with the surrounding environmental factors. Second, the findings were examined using interview data from the residents in the neighborhood. Analysis based on quantitative and qualitative methods revealed that external information is important in identifying hazardous vacant houses.

This paper examines the determinants affecting the formation of social capital by using the individual questionnaire survey data in Japan. Unlike the substantial literatures, this research divides the social capital into bonding and bridging two types and finds out they are indeed influenced by different factors. The individual characteristics such as age, income and marriage etc. already pointed out by previous studies, are proved to have great influence on social capital in Japan's case. Besides, the research also finds that education and home ownership are two key factors to differentiate the bonding and bridging social capital. This finding also implies the importance of differentiating the bonding and bridging SC when policy makers considering making use of social capital in the sustainable regional development.

We hypothesized that psychological resilience (resilience) and quality of life(QOL) tends to be higher level as more subjective frequency of moving image viewing with calling forth energy in someone's mind. Data collected by questionnaire surveys of university students in the information sciences were analyzed by structural equation modeling, and the results appeared to support our hypothesis. In terms of resilience, the beneficial effect of the moving image viewing was slightly greater than the benefit obtained by reading good books offering mental and spiritual sustenance. The findings suggested that the effect of Internet use on resilience should be considered in studies on information behavior.

We analyzed the relation between citizens’ demands and the spatial-environmental factors of street trees in Higashiosaka City and found three important points. In residential districts, street trees must be maintained to ensure that their shapes and sizes complement the residential environment. In residential?commercial mixed districts, street trees must be systematically maintained for ensuring good visibility with consideration to large vehicles and cleaning of the fallen leaves and spraying insecticides with consideration to pedestrians. In residential?industrial mixed districts, shrubs must be maintained to ensure good visibility in spatially and environmentally limited planting spaces.

In this study, we analyze migration requirements and the migration intention of the emigration applicant in the capital area. As a result, in the ranking of migration requirements, there are many respondents who selected jobs and houses as the first place, and the goodness of medical care and the natural environment etc. is often ranked third and fourth. It is necessary to clear basics condition to support the life such as the work and house to lead to migration. In addition, possibility chosen as an emigration place increases in work and a house if medical care and natural environments are good.

Nowadays, citizens living in urban areas are interested in allotment gardening. The citizens engaged in allotment gardening have been entrenched as one of their recreation or leisure activities. In order to manage allotment gardens as amenity space for urban residents, it is necessary to develop the gardens on user's needs. In this study, we conducted the questionnaire survey with urban residents, engaged in allotment gardening in Atsugi city, to reveal their characteristic focusing on the purpose. As a results, it appeared that there had been three purpose; 1) to communicate with other gardeners, 2) to get their mental health and 3) to improve their gardening skills. Furthermore, the gardeners could be divided into three groups, and each groups had different strengths for those three purpose. In order to enhance the allotment gardening, it is important to offer more appropriate supports for these three groups respectively.

In April 2015, an earthquake of Mw.7.8 occurred in Nepal. Landslides occurred frequently in the northern areas and severely affected the resident ethnic minorities. Because the affected area is widely spread, the application of remote sensed data is effective for its extraction. However, in steep mountainous areas, the observation direction and terrain shape greatly influence the extraction results of optical sensors or SAR data. Thus, this study analyzed the effectiveness of various landslide extraction methods and proposed a method that can correctly extract the areas using satellite data. As the results confirm that steep terrain shapes restricted use of SAR, and thus, land-cover classification using optical sensors is the most effective approach at present.

To estimate the human health risks from indoor exposure to plastic additives, we need to identify the chemicals present in a variety of products for indoor use. Because the types of chemicals present depend on the kind of plastic, estimating the indoor stocks of different kinds of plastic is useful for estimating the risks in indoor environments. Therefore, here, we constructed a framework of indoor flow and stock analysis based on Japanese statistical data on plastics used for various products for indoor use, and we estimated the indoor stocks of plastic classified by type and use.

In recent years, there has been an increase in the reports of scattering of plastic bottles in many areas in Japan. When “pollution of empty cans” was identified as a problem in the 1970s through the 1990s, local governments introduced the local deposit/refund system to counteract littering. However, since this system was not adopted throughout the country, its efficacy in solving the problem was limited. In 1997, the Japanese government then partial implemented the Containers and Packaging Recycling Law to reduce waste and promote recycling. However, public perception regarding the law contends that it helped to promote recycling but did not solve the problem of littering. The law did not offer any incentive to producers, consumers, or local governments to promote collection, so it was fundamentally limited as a policy advocating waste reduction. This paper investigates a key aspect related to solving the problem of littering of plastic bottles.

This paper aims to identify the potential barriers to implementation of climate mitigation policies and measures in Indonesia. Results from this analysis confirm that the Government of Indonesia is the process of preparing to implement NDCs in Indonesia, and that enhancing coordination among key stakeholders and developing a policy framework for implementing NDCs are key challenges to implementing mitigation actions in Indonesia.

Tourism is an important source of revenue for the Philippines particularly remote and rural coastal and island areas such as those islands in Palawan Province. However, drastic increase of inbound tourists that surpasses the development of required infrastructure degrade the environment and undermine sustainability. While the national government, the local authority and tourism business associations strive to promote sustainable tourism through the compliance with the code of conducts in tour operations to safeguard the safety of the tourists and the environment, the risks associated with sustainable tourism are at the multifaceted and multiple-levels that can go beyond what the local stakeholders are able to squarely address to hedge such risks. The Coron’s Charter for Sustainable Tourism provides a useful policy and institutional framework. Yet, the challenges lie with its compliance and enforcement by the tour agents and business entities. The continuous monitoring, compliance and enforcement mechanisms need to evolve in a participatory manner and be operationalized with the more proactive involvement of local business associations and stakeholder groups.

This study aims to clarify the characteristics of rock ptarmigan surveys conducted by citizen-based groups with those by professional researchers focusing on sensitivity, area coverage and terrain. We found daily area coverage (ha/day) or sloped area coverage in expert surveys cannot be met by citizen surveys, while hourly ptarmigan observations and area coverage were comparable in both survey types. Individual detection probability and sensitivity to detect change in proportion of unmarked individuals in citizen-based surveys were likewise comparable to those in expert surveys. We concluded that while citizen-based surveys cannot complement expert surveys’ coverage area, it showed potential to augment expert surveys’ frequency.

A short time visiting environmental education program in Noda city was planned for university students, where the re-introduction project of the Oriental White Stork has been implementing. The program was conducted on June, 2014. Three times questioner survey have been done just before, just after, and six-month after the program. This report aims to analyze results of those questioners. Regarding knowledge, score shows increasing tendency, however, score of the attitude increase just after the program only. It was clarified that a short time visiting environmental education shows effectiveness in getting knowledge in particular.

In this report, developing process of supplementary educational materials, which describes concreate wildlife re-introduction project in two communities, are summarized in order to identify actual status of educational trials supporting those re-introduction projects in local. In Sado city, it was prepared as an environmental education material, however in Toyooka city, it was developed as a material using in a new education program at school entitled “Furusato Kyoiku”. Supplementary educational materials are usually dealing with local environmental issues in particular, and materials are also utilized in various opportunities and fields. Therefore the supplementary educational materials are to be concerned as an important tool when to raise public awareness regarding on-going actual re-introduction projects.

There are many forests of shrines in Japan that have long histories. In particular, Japanese cedar forests have been preserved as sacred forests. However, it is pointed out that forests have declined. Soil acidification is thought to be one of the causes of forest decline. We investigated the tree decline and soil acidification in Iwa shrine of Hyogo prefecture. Our study indicated that all of the trees surveyed showed decline and the soil pH of the trees was low and exchangeable nutrient base cations were low. The score of the tree decline is correlated with soil pH (r = - 0.57).