We conducted the comparative evaluation of the thermal environment between bare and grass ground located in a typical residential area. As a result, it was confirmed that the grass area is cooler than the neighboring residential area from 0.3 to 0.5 degrees Celsius in the night, and the effect of cooling is spread out about 100m. Concerning about the ground surface temperature, the grass ground is cooler than the bare ground through the night and day. But in the grass area, affected by an adjacent high-rise building, wind speed was weak and air temperature was high in the daytime. So, to mitigate the local thermal environment, it is important to care not only kinds of surface but also the local ventilation.

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The moving and fixed observations were conducted in the Okayama urban area in summer and winter seasons. The cool island was formed in the urban area due to effects of the cold air from an upwind river and the sea breeze. On the other hand, we found that the urban heat island clearly appeared in winter. The regions, which were significantly affected by the sea breeze or river, were distinguished by the principal component analysis.

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Evaluation of tree CO₂ uptake responses to elevated CO₂ concentration is necessary to determining the carbon fixation capacity of forest ecosystems for future. In order to estimate the characteristic of gas exchange in the leaves of temperate tree species, we measured net photosynthetic rates and transpiration rates under ambient CO₂ (350 μmol mol^-1) and elevated CO₂ (700 μmol mol^-1) concentrations with tenty emperate tree species. Then we conducted classification using cluster analysis from obtained gas schange rates under two CO₂ concentration conditions. As a result, net photosynthetic rates were stimulated 10-120% under elevated CO₂ in twenty tree species. All species were classified into five groups by the characteristic of gas exchange responses to elevated CO₂, so it was possible to obtain an index for spicies selection of afforestaion.

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In order to investigate the stabilization target of greenhouse gas concentration for avoiding the dangerous climate change impacts, cost of mitigation and climate change impacts in various fields should be assessed comprehensively. In this study, 1)existing stabilization scenarios of greenhouse gas concentrations were summarized from the viewpoint of mitigation, 2)country-specific impact assessment of potential productivity changes of rice and wheat under some stabilization targets utilizing an integrated assessment model was carried out. As a result, our study revealed that stabilization target with low greenhouse gas concentrations enables to reduce the climate change impacts in contrast to the BaU case. However, in order to maintain greenhouse gas concentrations at low level, a full-scale greenhouse gas reduction policy is urgently needed.

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Recently, degradations of water quality have been progressed at the livestock agriculture and farming areas. There fore, investigations of current status are required grasping is important. And it has been pointed out that the pollutant load increases greatly and grasp of snowmelt period is demanded. In this paper, characteristics of nutrients discharge during snowfall and snowmelt period ware investigated in grassland, Aomori prefecture. As a result, it has been shown that the load of SS, TP and DTP exceed 90 percent in snowmelt. In addition, it has been shown that SS, TP and DTP were discharged during the daytime and DTN was discharged during the nighttime.

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In order to evaluate environment of river basin, it is very important to calculate load of pesticide runoff as well as load from point sources. In this paper, we modelled a mechanism of pesticide runoff by using fugacity model, and constructed a method of estimating pesticide spillage by each basin based on actual pesticide usage which had large regional deflection. We calculated the spillage of 249 pesticides into the river of Kanagawa prefecture by using this method. As a result, this method indicated that contribution of pesticide which does not belong to PRTR and contribution of environmental load of each pollution source could be calculated by each basin.

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Investigation of optimum sediment treatment in eutrophicated lakes with consideration of seasonal succession using an experimental model ecosystem was conducted. As results, it was made clear that the chl.a suppression rate is influenced by quantity and quality of phytoplankton, especially the dominant species in each season. Furthermore, the existence of cyanophyceae such as Anabaena which can fix N₂ gas in the air, obstructed the chl.a suppression. From the experiment in this study, the optimum treatment method and season were estimated as a hybrid treatment (DAF+CRM) in late summer or autumn.

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Relationships in soil meso-fauna and soil physical properties were investigated in Tama hills. Population, genera, diversity index of Simpson (1/λ) and that of Fisher (α+1) were employed for evaluating soil meso-fauna. Through results of multiple regression analysis, Population, genera and Simpson's diversity index were related with macro porosity. So, it was concluded that increasing macro porosity is important for soil meso-fauna.

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Sulfur-oxidizing bacterium strain ORCS6 was isolated from acid sulfate soils at Owakudani, Hakone, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. This strain was rod-shaped, gram-negative, acidophilic and chemoautotrophic obligate aerobes. The similarity of the 16S rRNA gene sequence to Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans ATCC19377^T is 94.14 %, Acidithiobacillus caldus DSM8584^T is 95.59 %. The strain ORCS6 has an optimal growth temperature of 37°C but showed good growth even at 40°C. A. thiooxidans and A. caldus, according to a previous report, differ from the strain ORCS6 with respect to their sulfur utility. Since strain ORCS6 has different characteristics to A. thiooxidans and A. caldus, strain ORCS6 was identified and designated as a new strain, Acidithiobacillus sp. ORCS6.

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We developed the model system of sewage purification with zeolite and plants, and discussed its performance. It is one of the called "Living Machines" type. This system utilizes the function that plants absorb nutrients, and zeolite attaches a cation and filtering suspended solid in wastewater. As a result, the removal speed of nutrients(T-N,T-P) (^* the unit: mg/m²·day) in each system showed zeolite (508,307), gramineae(1796,196), galingale (785,41), canna (5605,812), and elephant ear (2627,353). The canna was the highest in the removal performance of T-N and T-P. The growth of canna was the most remarkable. The growth of gramineae and galingale was unstable. It was considered that the canna was very effective as the plants making the sewage purification system of this "Living Machines" type.

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This study conducted the simulation of the establishment of different vegetation type as well as different response to grazing pressure, by using a single model which coupled ecosystem model and wind erosion model, by taking the example of the results of field survey in Mongolia. As a result, the difference of soil texture led to different physical characteristics such as wind erosion intensities, the example was successfully simulated. By testing the simulation condition without the difference of root distribution with plant functional types, and without wind erosion impact, the example could not be simulated, to find that both factors are essential to simulate the example.

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The tree density, mortality, ratio of feeding by Japanese pine sawyer and infection by pinewood nematode were observed at thirty-five stands of natural young red pine stands along the Sanyo Expressway in Hiroshima from September, 1999 to June, 2000. 36.2 % of total dead trees were fed with wounds and so two third of them were non-fed. The dead trees infected by nematode occupied only 29.3% of total dead trees. The facts indicate that about 70% of total dead trees might be killed by not feeding of sawyer or not infection of nematode but other factors. There was no significant difference between the mortality of pine trees with and without wounds or nematode, suggesting other factors should be considered as the cause of pine forest decline.

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We investigated the distribution and Red Data Book (RDB) categories of Japanese coastal plants by referring to prefectural flora lists and national and prefectural RDBs to clarify the endangerment of Japanese coastal plants. We listed 167 species from the main islands of Japan, of which 23% were listed in the national RDB. Many salt marsh species were ranked in high-risk categories in both national and prefectural RDBs, and were extinct in some prefectures. Many plants of beaches and sand dunes were not listed in the national RDB, but were ranked in high-risk categories in many prefectural RDBs, and were extinct in some prefectures. Many plants of rocky coasts were listed in the national RDB, but only a few were actually extinct at the prefectural level.

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As to the growth characteristic of Senecio Madagascariensis (fireweed) it is spread to become a problem was clarified, and the dissemination of information about the problem was examined. Fireweed's germination ability does not decrease if the seed is saved for one year. In an experiment, fireweed was sown under pasture grasses that grow well on Awaji Island; the seed germinated but did not mature. The threshold of leaf length in grasses is more than 190.8mm in Lolium multiflorum and 295.4mm in Avena sativa. It is recognized that fireweed does not grow if it receives total integrated solar radiation of 8.5MJ/m² and 7.6MJ/m² or less. This indicates that the best method of pasture management to prevent fireweed invasion is covering the soil surface with grasses. Fireweed was designated a second groups level invasive species on 1 February 2006. Therefore it is need that the transmission of information and make up information collecting system.

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In Akaiyachi hign moor, natural monument, it was investigated how the precipitation, the evapo-transpiration, the groundwater level and the moistures of 4 sphangnum mats peculiar to this high moor changed. On the basis of the results, it was found that the water condition was distinctly different with the mats in the place from the hollow till the slope and the top of the hummock where each mat existed separately. From that, the formation of the hummock that was suggested to play an important part of regeneration cycle of high moor peat could be supposed.

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The function of a multipurpose retarding basin in Kanagawa prefecture was investigated, particularly focused on the habitat for Herons. Populations of Egrets in the basin had more than the surrounding for an area, when water level in the basin. Egrets were recognized to use the basin as not only feeding place in the day-time, but also roosting place in the night-time. Egrets have been believed to make a communal roost on trees however, in this retarding basin area, they were observed to roost in the shallow water or on the marshy meadows in the basin. Even when the water level of the retarding basin was high caused by heavy rain, roosting in water or on the marshy meadows were continued.

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The abandonment of management for Satoyama forests. It decreases a number of plant species in their shrub and herb layers. But there are few research on the relationship between forest floor management of shrub layer and birds. We established four plots of different forest floor management and researched on the bird's appearance in these four plots. These research plots were non-mowing plot, striped-mowing plot, complete mowing plot, and yearly mowing plot. It was recognized that the difference of vegetation management did not influence arboreal-users. On the other hand, it was suggested that the existence of shrub layer will be important for shrub-users.

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In Osaka Prefecture, naturalized raccoon has been seen in the latter half of the 1990's. The increase of raccoon has become a big problem because it damaged farm crops. In this research, the habitat distribution of raccoon in Osaka Prefecture was estimated using the GIS and the logistic regression analysis. Information on the presence of raccoons from January 1998 to July 2004 was collected and used in the analysis. The result indicated that the proportion of urbanized area, agricultural land, open water and woodland could significantly influence the distribution of the species. Based on the logistic regression models the distribution of raccoons within Osaka Prefecture was estimated using GIS. Therefore, the regions with the possibility of the raccoon lives in Osaka Prefecture could be investigated.

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Recently, abandoned paddy fields as space for conserving biodiversity, has received much attention. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate about relationship between the extensive cultivation management and habitat use of small animals in abandoned paddy fields. This research aimed to clarify basic utilization of the Japanese field mouse (Apodemus speciosus) and vegetation in the abandoned paddy fields in suburban area of Tokyo where were managed with traditional cultivation methods. In the survey area, the field mouse inhabited round the year. The population of the field mouse increased in September and April, the grass management didn't carry out during high activity month of mice. It is suggested that extensive cultivation management in the survey area was effective for conserving the Japanese field mouse.

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Spiranthes sinensis is one of the useful living plant materials for the creation of semi-natural park landscape. To establish the methods of in-situ conservation of S. sinensis in the grassland, both the characteristics of applicable grassland vegetations and the life history of S. sinensis were investigated during the period from 2004 to 2005 at SHOWA KINEN PARK. It is recognized that the mowing frequency and the disposal of mown plant materials, whether they are eliminated or not, greatly influence the floristic composition of grassland plants. The following two points are important to succeed the in-situ conservation of S. sinensis. 1) The dominance of grass type weeds that possesses the higher penetration rate of irradiance around the individuals of S. sinensis during its vegetative stage. 2) The elimination of mown plant materials.

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In order to get the basic ideas for preserving urbanization control area in good condition from the viewpoint of town assembly, data are collected on the number of and purpose of farmland diversions from 1990 to 2005 in Sakai city, and statistical analysis is conducted. It is shown that the farmland diversion is decreasing since 1998, but that the diversion to the facilities that can be cheaply built such as open material storages and parking lots is not the case. Also it is shown that the assemblies having large size of land whose distance from urbanization promotion area is less than 250m, as well as assemblies that have longer roads of their width more than 22m in their area make significantly increase farmland diversions. These findings indicate the importance of regulatory control that takes into account the environment of each town assembly in detail.

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There are various forms of the density of buildings in the cities. The density of buildings should be analyzed with the qualitative distribution of buildings on a regional scale. We have formed the concept of analyzing the building density based on blocks on a regional scale. Under the concept, the Gross Coverage (GC) and the average Distance between Blocks (DB) have been defined as indices of building density. In this study, we examined a new analytical method for the building density applying spatial autocorrelation using the two indices, GC and DB, simultaneously. As the results, it was obvious that the distribution of GC and DB in project expediting areas for urban renewal showed the spatial independence of building density from other areas. In addition, it was suggested that the results of the analysis might contribute for supporting the decision of urban renewal areas.

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Recently, the amount of discharge of construction byproducts has been expected to increase in the coming years because buildings and houses that have been constructed in the rapid growth period are in the renewal stage and as such, would produce a lot of buildings to be dismantled. In order to accommodate the coming increase in construction byproducts, certain measures are necessary to control the amount of discharge at a construction site and from recycling facilities. In this study, I hope to ascertain the appropriate form of land use by examining the disposal facility sites so as to conform to the notion of logistical systems of construction byproducts from intermediate disposal facilities to final disposal facilities.

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In this research, evaluating natural environment in a suburban area, paying attention to the natural environment, where the suburbs are still bearing a multiple-purpose role, such as raising relief of environmental load and biodiversity preexist. Researches were made into Tama, Tokyo area and western area of Saitama Prefecture using a satellite image to analyze the remote sensing technology. As a result of NDVI's considering of vegetation, it checked that vegetation was greatly influenced of a geographic factor and land use. In the area where agglomerative of a green tract of land is high, it was suggested that natural environment is the growth spatial for which it is good and also suitable for the ecosystem. Natural environment assessment of the area concerned was able to be performed from geographical feature, nature, population, public transportation service level and the spatial characteristic index of land use.

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Experiments were conducted in a low-tide zone to assess the development and application of a carbon-blend mortar coating method and an artificial algal bed of carbon fibers to improve a shallow coastal environment. Carbon fibers, with particles of coke, bamboo charcoal, and iron were used as a carbon blend material. The carbon fiber coating plate showed a high algae coverage rate of greater than 60% because of growth of Colpomenia sinuosa and Colpomenia bullosa. The algae coverage rate of other material coating plates and blocks were less than 30%; plain concrete showed no algae growth. Large amounts of sludge tend to adhere to the carbon fibers. The activated sludge on artificial algae of carbon fibers attracts and cultivates marine organisms, which inhabit the base of algae. It is possible to develop artificial reefs to improve shallow coastal environments through a combination of these characteristics.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the potential of the outdoor experience service in national government managed park from the viewpoint of the consumer behavior studies. The results are as follows; 1)There were few users who consider the outdoor experience service as a reason for use. 2) Factor as the outdoor experience service influenced the degree of total satisfaction. 3) The Outdoor experience service was positioned as new expectation.

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In order to lighten the impact on the nature of the park caused by utilization, it is very important not only to keep the park management system in good but also to make users have environment friendly consciousness. In addition to this, it is considered to be important that users have clear image of the nature park for environment friendly consciousness. From these viewpoints, we analyze the relationship between users' image and their environment friendly consciousness in Aokigahara Jukai Forest in Japan. As a result, the negative image and the adjective image of the park did not connect with environment friendly consciousness. On the other hand, the image of park resources connected with the consciousness on the behavioral norm and the nature conservation.

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Recently congestion and the influence the ecosystem by overuse are problem in the Natural Park region. The aim of this research is to assess the qualification as a vlsitor and the advance preparation between general visitors and the eco-tour participants at the Jomonsugi-ceder taril in Yakushima island as an ecotourism promotion area. As a result, visitors lack the geographic information, and it has been understood that the safety information and equipment are insufficient and crisis-management shortages. Moreover, the eco-tour participants did not feel complaint of congestion on the trail road. However, the sore displeasure was shown in the congestion of the rest room. Another aspect of the influence on natural environment showed the sore discomfort in scattering the excrement pollution and garbage. lt is necessary to persist in the risk-management like security and the unpleasant act prevention, etc. by focusing on the guide significant to achieve natural environmental preservation by eco-tourism.

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The opportunities for public participation are increasing, but many of these are not working satisfactorily. So this paper reports the analysis of discussion dynamics from adopting concurrent discussion, as one of some solutions to this problem, as a case of the social experiments at real society. As a result of comparing of issues exchanged, total numbers of all discussion groups were almost the same, but issues about future plans at the concurrent sessions were more various and original than that at the plenary. And it was showed that many statements at plenary session continued former one consciously, many exchanges at concurrent session processed freely. These indicated that adopting of the concurrent sessions was effective for development of discussion.

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This study discussed the issues of planning procedures for appropriate use and carrying capacity which could cope with problems induced by over use in recreational and protected area. Scientific research into the problems by over use in U.S. was compared with those of Japan for identifying the future direction of the research. Application of carrying capacity for management of recreational impacts in U.S. was discussed to apply the concept for recreational and protected area of Japan. In conclusion, the necessity for enhancing systematic scientific research into the problems was confirmed to improve the effectiveness of management. Using planning tool of carrying capacity, it is necessary to make it specific and fair procedures, to separate descriptive components and evaluative components clearly. It is reasonable to suppose that improvement of the planning procedure is needed through an assessment of effectiveness of management action.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify how the tourist agents in Suwa respond to the changes in environmental factors of Lake Suwa. Because of the the abnormal growth of phytoplankton, Lake Suwa has become less and less attractive as a sightseeing place. Thus pleasure cruise agents contrived the operation of chartered ships and event ships. On the other hand, Anazuri (fishing on the ice) has become difficult to do because of the disappearance of ice formation. Accordingly recreational fishing agents developed the dome ships to imitate Anazuri. In conclusion, the tourist agents in Suwa, being coped with the environmental changes, have maintained their occupations by transforming the resource value as a tourist place.

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This study analyzed the images of the colors and the color names derived from some plants, to understand the relationship between people and plants in the Japanese living environment. The results revealed, for example, that many subjects associated "midori" in connection with their surroundings with "natural" and "plant" but few subjects associated "midori" with "artificial". On the other hand, some subjects did associate "green" with "artificial". The subjects who associated "green" with "artificial" were urban rather than rural residents. The images of the color and the color names derived from plants reflect the subject's living environment, and the images differ with their place of residence and age.

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Global warming and urban heat island have emerged as serious issues over the past years. The causes include high temperature caused by industrial materials and increase in the storage of heat. Various measures such as urban greening have been explored in order to mitigate heat environment. Rooftop planting is seen as one of the effective measures, but the temperature of walls also requires consideration since Japan is at high latitudes and the sun beam comes from an angle. Materials such as ALC panels with relatively small heat capacity have been popular materials for walls these years. This study examines the effect of rooftop planting to mitigate heat environment by comparative measurement of the amount of heat transfer in booths with and without rooftop planting.

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This study was carried out for the rooftop garden in of a hospital in Tokyo Ward.The main purposes of this study were clarifying the actual condition of inpatient's rooftop garden use, the meaning of the rooftop garden for inpatients, and the way of planning and management for hospital rooftop garden that should be. The questionnaire was carried out in order to grasp the consciousness of the inpatient using the rooftop garden. The result is as follows. The inpatients of various conditions used the rooftop garden through opening time, and they enjoyed admiration of a garden and plants, walking, exercises, rest, etc. The inpatients were able to feel be relaxed and refreshed by use of a rooftop garden. It was pointed out that it should regard from now on about the arrangement of a rooftop garden, the environment for access and a walk, a planting design and management, etc.

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Because the Open-space conservation activities need to be continued, this research aimed to clarify the process and the possibility that the inhabitants in the suburban-area want to participate in the Open-space conservation activities. The inhabitants develop relations with Open-space in the process of five stages; already-known, experience, use in daily life, and evaluation and participation hope to civic action. As for the Open-space use, the possibility of developing is high when there is Open-space from the residence area within 1,000m. And If an Open-space scale is 10ha or more, it becomes more positive than participation in the Open-space conservation activity. Moreover, it became difficult to do an Open-space evaluation when Open-space of 1ha or more was one place within 1,000m from the residence area. And I was suggested the possibility that relations with Open-space and inhabitants do not develop.

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This study aimed to obtain fundamental data for quantifying the effects of wall greening panels in improving the thermal environment. First, moisture transmission parameters were calculated from evapotranspiration measurements of wall greening panels, which were measured using the weight method, and evaporation pressure deficit values, estimated from meteorological data. A simple equation was derived for estimating the evapotranspiration from the panels, and the heat balance on green panels was analyzed. As a result, the evapotranspiration values estimated using the simple equation agreed closely with the actual measurements and also with the latent heat-flux values calculated from sensible heat-flux and SAT measurements. Thus, the effects of evapotranspiration on wall greening panels in improving the thermal environment could be estimated quantitatively, using the equation and calculating latent heat-flux from heat balance.

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Environmental information of goods on online store is expected to improve the consumer behavior than ECO-MARK and the like on offline stores. That was why I conducted a comparative investigation of the environmental information disclosure between online and offline stores. As a result, the offline stores excelled the online stores in displaying the environmental goods and labeling the environmental information. And depending on type of goods and stores, the environmental information was different. These results mean that the appropriate information is not delivered to consumers on the online stores because the information is chosen by retailers online. Therefore some guidance should be necessary for online stores to provide the appropriate environmental information corresponding to the conditions of goods and stores. From now on, it will be necessary to improve the environmental information disclosure of goods on online stores.

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Green Bank activity refers to a program that preserving existent trees and developing recycle of these trees in rebuilding housing complexes. These activities have been strongly recommended by Urban Renaissance Agency. The purposes of the present study were to investigate the reactions or responses of residents at Midoricho, Musashino-shi housing complex to Green Bank activities, and to evaluate the effects of Green Bank activity . As a result, 98% of residents have positive response to general Green Bank activity and 97.1% of residents considered positive opinion to preserve or transplant existent trees in their rebuilding housing complex. Furthermore, results of our survey clearly presents as following facts; New residents at Midoricho housing complex have more positive responses to Green Bank activities than the returning residents who had lived at the housing complex before rebuilding do. 98% of residents have positives opinion about recycling wood from existent trees in rebuilding house complex. 97.3% of residents think Green Bank activity should be conducted continuously. Taken together, it is apparent that Green Bank activities, which are preserving, reconstructing, and recycling existent natural green environment, is important for better daily life.

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This research clarifies citizen participation in maintenance of street trees with edible fruits, using a questionnaire to local governments. Main results are as follows; Almost of the roads planted fruiters locate in urban areas. Fruiters require more disinfection and manure than trees without fruit, and to take those fruits. There are some roads for citizen groups, students and commerce groups to maintain and harvest them. From comparison between the Apple Street Trees and Cherry Street Trees in Iida city, street trees with fruiters can provide citizen with chance to utilize them such as events of harvest and environmental study etc.

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This study investigated the individual factors of the participation to annual-community events, and of the promotion of exchange among local people. Data used in this study was representative 4,939 samples of A city, Kyoto. The results are as follows; 1)The factors of participation to the events vary according to the types of the events. Factors related to region are associated with the event held in shrines, and not with the sports event. Additionally, all events were associated with "the rate of the numbers of neighborly companionship" factor. 2)Those associated factors are not the same at the participation and the exchange. All events are associated with the factor of "the degree of neighborly companionship". It was suggested that the preservation of annual-community events based on a full of understanding of the variation of those factors is important.

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This study aims to define what type of support for greenery activities is effective in promoting community developments. This is done by surveying the relationship between the number of greenery activities and the degree of community development activities and by investigating the awareness of citizens in greenery activlties. The resultls showed that there're various motivations for making citizens' flowerbeds -one of the greenery activities-, but where the motivation is a concern for places, these flowerbeds tend to be expected to spread other activities of improving environment.

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It was clarified the voluntary activity and support program of students attending the learning program at the environmental education facilities, and the facility planning for support to them. In about 40% facilities, organization of graduates was confirmed by pressure of a facility or own voluntary activity. In facilities specialized in environmental education, graduates formed voluntarily a class reunion or an organization for voluntary activity. In addition, as a feature of an facility planning, existence of lecture room, training room and citizen's activity space became one of the factors to lead to organization of graduates. And by offering lecture room and training room as an activity place and citizen's activity space with administration support, activity of organizations were continued.

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This paper showed the motivations when the Sabah State Government has launched to develop environmental education policy. Early satege of the policy process was analyzed in Sabah State in Malaysia. Case study has conducted in order to discover the motivations of policy formulation. Participation observation has been conducted for a week in September 2005 and for more than four month since January to May 2006. Among six possible motivations such as "expense reduction", "load reduction", "learning", "international society", "internal public opinion" and "local opinion", pattern matching exercises was carried out. As a result, "international society" and "load opinion" were picked up as Sabah's motivation for this policy formulation. It was also cleared that Sabah's environmental education policy formulation has started by the combination of internal as well as external motivation.

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Formulating the environmental education theory is in the middle of work in Japan. The term of environmental education system has been used in the fields of environmental education policies since the middle of 1980's, but the definition and the perspective are not clear. This paper clarifies next. The term of environmental education system is defined from the position of social systems theory. Environmental education system has four lower systems; 1)the organization system, 2)the interaction system, 3)the self-system as psychological/cognitive system, and 4)the capacity building system. Environmental education system consists of four dimensions; 1) learning platforms, 2) learning-activity environment, 3) learning and action models, and 4) capacity building.

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We aim to comprehend present state of Hot Spring Area, and reveal charm, issue and future direction of Hot Spring Area. To that end, we carried out a questionnaire to residents and the visitors in Ikaho Hot Spring Area based on Revitalization Program survey. Improvement of residential environment and improvement of tourist spot should be done for this Hot Spring Area welcome visitors and the residents live on tourism. It is advisable to increase value as living place and tourist spot and create attractive Hot Spring Area by reconfirm and preserve charm of Hot Spring Area and improve and discuss items that the residents and the visitors think high importance in questionnaire and take soft project and town development organization into consideration.

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This study aims to grasp the present conditions and problems about the beautification of pavement design, which is used as a way of the improvement of public space in the historical townscape formation areas in Hyogo Pref. First of all, basic information, the number, length, construction and so on, were grasped. And then, the color and the material of the pavement were analyzed in detail. As a result, it was cleared that 42 cases of beautificaion of pavement design had been done in 14 areas. Moreover, it was found that there were 14 types of pavement colors and 14 types of pavement materials. In addition, by which kinds of background those various types had been caused was analyzed. As a result, 5 factors' existing became clear.

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This research aims to evaluate the results of the renewal program in Taipei Botanical Garden, according to the present utilizing condition and the evaluation of facility display by visitors. The results showed that the visitor components on holidays differ from those on weekdays, and the main purpose for visiting was to exercise themselves. The visitors give the facilities in the garden high score, but low evaluation was given to the display programs. The renewal program attained high recognition for facilities and buildings, and good comments were gained for the results. Therefore, "improvement of the explanation system" and "consideration of the management frequency and its policy" were the two problems in the renewal program. "To make clear the request of the visitors", "improving the facilities and maintenance policies for the garden" and "enriching the explanatory facilities" are the three factors for the improvement of the display quality in Taipei Botanical Garden.

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This paper sutudies residents' landscape recogniton by 3-dimentional visualized model on Kamakura historical area. 3-dimentional visualized model bases on 3D geographical feature model and human visual recognition. By 3-dimentional visualized model , attribute which are [changed area] as residents recognition to physical environmental changes and [typical landscape of Kamakura] as public's attitude toward Kamakura landscape was figured out by the aspect of visible or invisible. Relations between [changed area] and [typical landscape of Kamakura] was considered from cognitive area and constituent element. By considering relation between space attribute and landscape recogniton, landscape recognition of regional space was modeled.

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In 1972, the United Stated advocated the moratorium of all commercial whaling in the International Whaling Commission and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment. This article sheds light on this initiative as well as the response of other principal nations such as Japan and the United Kingdom, uncover the immediate cause which propelled of the policy change within the U.S. Government, examines the reason why and how such initiative commanded substantial support from other countries. It concludes by explaining the consequences of the proposal, that is to say, the strengthening of protective measures and the establishment of the New Management Procedure.

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This article describes history, status and characteristics of projects implemented under the Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA), as well as Japanese commitment to it. PEMSEA could be used as an important framework to establish a multilayered cooperative relationship in East Asia, based on the common interest of sustainable development of oceans. However, such recognition is not shared broadly in Japan. It is necessary to evaluate projects under PEMSEA in terms of environmental and socio-economic benefits. At the same time, the relevance of regional marine environmental cooperation toward Japanese diplomacy in East Asia should be deliberated.

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