Amidst increasing concerns about environmental problems, “environmentally considerate management” is one of the select standards by which companies survive in the 21^st century. In order to realize environmental management, many organizations are deploying environmental management systems including ISO 14001, improving environmental performance by saving energy, for conserving resources and decreasing waste as well as lowering costs. On the other hand, however, some say that there are many companies with weak results from only routine measures. I, as a secretariat of the “Eco Stage Research Association”, will make proposals for environmental management evaluation systems (Eco Stage) and move forward with research related to environmental management. This evaluation system aims to raise the “sustainability of the organization” through efforts to improve management and competitive strength. Using case studies, I will explain the plan and effectiveness of the Eco Stage environmental management evaluation system.

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This study proposes the evaluation system for corporations implementing environmental action programs for Loop-closing society based upon environmental accounting. The study initially presents the evaluation framework for determining the more feasible alternative in a stage of single-sector project by using two indicators of eco-efficiencies, and develops the framework to include interactions among multiple economic sectors. As a result, relatively inefficient production factors, environmentally inferior activities, or combinations of them in multiple economic sectors model, are expected to be identified pros and cons, and end point of cost and benefit become apparent. These applications of accounting system should contribute to enhance the consideration of equity among sectors in step-by-step processes towards Loop-closing society. The state of social information offer, in connection with decision-making for building Recycling-based society, is shown.

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Public participation has played little or no role in forest management and forest valuation until recently. However it is indispensable for the purpose of realizing sustainable forest management. At first, we reviewed traditional methods of capital valuation in forest management. Secondly, we indicate a new method “u” (k+CS)” by expanding Hirata’s theory “uk”. This “u” is rotation period, “k” is sustaining cost and “CS” is compensating surplus. Third, we applied this method to Pinus yunnanesis forests located at the upper reaches of Changjiang River in China. Finally, after considering rotation period of forest ecosystem as well as maturity of society, we show “u' [k+α (CS+ε)]” as capital valuation of sustainable forest management in collaboration with pubic people.

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The Japanese forestry industry has been significantly affected by the increase in low-price timber imports and a diminishing work force. This has had a direct impact on the level of maintenance of the coniferous forests. Poorly maintained coniferous forests lose not only ability to produce timber but also to resist natural disaster. Therefore, a new management system for the forest is required. In this paper, we examine effective forest maintenance plans based on data from Landsat/TM imagery. The Inami town in Wakayama Prefecture was made to be case study object area. We examined regions in which coniferous forests experienced various levels of blight. Both sound and blighted coniferous forests were examined and the characteristics of each area quantified. Stock quantity of forest sound area and blighted area was estimated from the result got by the quantification of the forest area. As the result, the stock of all coniferous forest quantified 1,399,000m³.

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In this study, the authors tried to select the route for the new means of traffic in four sloped urban area in the Nagasaki City by using the route selection method which authors developed. In this method, firstly, we input the attribute data, which are gradient, control-point, housing density and distance from the main roads for application of geographic information systems. Second, we calculate the importance of these attribute data by use of Analytic Hierarchy Process and select candidate routes by summing up the attribute data scores. Finally, most appropriable candidate routes were selected by considering average score of the each proposed route and present aging rate. The result, suggested that this method was effective in the other areas which region situation is different.

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The environmental education-effect based on the experience program of paddy field cultivation of Daishi High School was investigated and considered. This investigation was conducted by hearing and debate to the teacher mainly concerned with the program. The importance of “the mental traces of a local scenery”, which a student can obtain by visiting Yato repeatedly, was pointed out by the teacher. The importance of sharing work experience in a conservation activity by the organization’s members and students was also pointed out. It was guessed that these two distinct matters were raising fruits of environmental education while helping and sharing in environmental responsibility. It is important to conserve the paddy field in a city area from the viewpoint of a high school student’s environmental education.

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We investigated the public participating situation to paddy field management in eight parks of a city area, and considered the pattern and the stage of public participation. An experience event or an experience lecture course was performed largely in each park. It was recognized that administration or the local agricultural persons were managing paddy field everyday in many cases. In contrast, as for the example which NPO/citizen group was managing it everyday only one case was obtained. As a problem in paddy field activity, aging of the agricultural persons who is managing every day was raised. The positive posture of the park department of a citizen volunteer bearing paddy field management in the future was seldom seen. On the other hand, public participation of the form of work assistance of agricultural persons also existed.

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This study focuses on the natural environmental learning for elementary school students to be instructed by elderly volunteers at district park. The study aim clarified effects of participate and tackle on administration, environment NPO, elderly volunteers and elementary school. As a result, this case achieves their cooperation and their purpose. And the elementary school students enable a renewed recognition at district by this experience. Elderly volunteers have effects on continuous of activity and learning on the natural environment, social participation and exchanges between the generations.

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In this research, Kawasaki-Mizube-no-gakkou that is developed in the Kawasaki-shi, Syukugawara area is made into an example, it aimed at grasping the actualized subject point and a problem through the mizube-no-gakkou activity which uses local environment as “local resources”, and the held workshop activity. In conclusion, (1)There were few children who have participated in the event continuously. However, the tendency which is raising positive action and participating volition because these children feel joint consciousness and common recognition through intimate activity with an adult was seen. (2)When an event was carried out, adults had shortage of recognition to the child’s characteristic and natural environment. (3)In the workshop, the problem which children’s participating volition makes thin was seen, like absence of the child who participated continuously. Therefore, neither sense of solidarity nor common recognition budded among children, and sharing of a result and a process was difficult.

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In this study, we estimated energy use by desktop and notebook computers for commercial use and family use in 1999 and 2000 in Japan. We concluded that total direct power used by desktop and notebook computers is about 5.2TWh per year in 1999, which is about 0.64% of total electricity use in Japan. And total direct power used by these computers is about 6.1TWh per year in 2000, which is about 0.73% of total electricity use in Japan. More than 75% of the 6.1TWh is dedicated to office equipment for commercial use. We estimated that nighttime shutdown and proper functioning of power management would save 2.58TWh in 2000.

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To estimate the energy consumption of a city in the future, we need to grasp the actual energy consumption of the existing buildings, and the energy consumption per floor area. This serves as a significant guide in promoting energy saving in the future. In this paper, the energy consumption surveys of various kinds of buildings were carried out with emphasis on small-scale buildings, especially. For the purpose of clarifying the features of the energy consuming of buildings for the 5 wards of Hiroshima city, it shows the following three points, and makes the highly consumption-type buildings, the amount consumption-density area clear: 1) The energy consumption per floor area of buildings for various purposes in a city 2) Building composition and energy consumption of each ward 3) The energy consumption density map of the building in Hiroshima-city

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Reduction of construction byproducts at building construction sites is strongly demanded. Conventionally, construction byproducts that would be generated from a construction site is estimated based on the past records of total construction byproducts generated from each construction site. The major problem with this approach is its inability to identify factors that generate wastes or determine how wastes could be reduced. This paper reports successful development of a construction byproduct reduction prediction method that considers construction waste reduction measures and of actual measures to reduce construction wastes by analyzing the amount of construction byproducts generated from each building construction process. Based on a case study at construction site and the results of its analysis and review, this paper proposes a method to estimate the amount of construction byproducts that would be generated from a building construction site, which also determines environmental loads on the surrounding environment, and measures to reduce such generation based on the prediction method.

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We estimated transportation amounts and energy consumptions during inter-prefecture grains distribution in both “actual condition” and “the least traffic situation” as a simulation result of network-transportation model, for the purpose of analyzing life cycle energy consumption in agro-product supply system. As a result, annual traffic volume in “the least traffic situation” is estimated at 1,556 million t-km·yr^-1 which is 42% of that in “actual condition” (3,679 million t-km·yr^-1). Amounts of annual energy consumption in “actual condition” and “the least traffic situation” are estimated at 6.34PJ·yr^-1 and 3.10PJ·yr^-1 respectively. The difference of 3.24PJ·yr^-1 between the both energy consumptions estimated could indicate needless transportation in the grain supply system. It could be considered that energy consumption in transportation stage is strongly effect to life cycle energy consumption in grain supply system and optimized distribution in the stage shall be examined to improve the Eco-efficiency in the system.

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The construction of a waste treatment facility is difficult because we can’t reach the inhabitant consensus. In this study, we have investigated the condition for the inhabitant consensus on the construction of the waste treatment facility. As a result, it became clear that the energy supply from the facility is the most effective to the consensus building on the construction of the waste treatment facility. Inhabitants are hoping for the supply of energy which is equivalent to half of the monthly expenses for heating and lighting. The electricity generated at the waste treatment facility is equivalent to 42.5% of energy consumption of whole households in the subject area and we consider that the energy supply can make it possible to gain the inhabitant consensus on construction of the waste treatment facility.

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The Japanese forestry industry has been significantly affected by the increase in low-price timber imports and a diminishing work force. The man-made forest with poorly maintained lose not only ability to produce timber but also to resist natural disaster. In this paper, we examine development of local domestic energy supply schemes in conjunction with effective forest maintenance plans based on detail specific data by GIS. Inami town in Wakayama Prefecture was examined as a case study. As the result, it is possible to demand between 4% and 32% of the electricity demand of the town. For heating energy, it is possible to demand between 19% to 151%.

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This paper aims to grasp the causes of problems induced by recreational use and to clarify a process for realizing an appropriate use and coping with the problems and to get basic materials for applying to the management system of other national parks. “Master Conception for appropriate use of Shiretoko National Park” was chosen to pigeonhole subjects proposed at the meetings and to investigate processes for mapping out a scheme of management of the national park. Distributed geographic pattern of problems could be grasped by the places of summarized problems and their characteristics. Based on the relationships between the factors and the problems, some conditions making problems actual and places of the potential problems could be specified by comparison actual occurrence of problems between estimated occurrences by the distribution and frequency of the factors.

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The semi-natural grassland is established in the Kirigamine Heights, Central Japan. Recently the many naturalized plants invaded and propagated in the grassland. These plants exert a big influence on the wild plants, biodiversity and grassland view. Especially Erigeron spp. (E. annuus and E. storigosus) have spread the grassland all over. In order to deal with this situation, The ecological study and the experiment of extermination of Erigeron spp. were carried out. As a result, the life history and breeding model of Erigeron spp. were known. Also it understood that the cutting of the base of stem has an effect in the extermination and the impediment of seed production at the beginning of July.

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We study on the traditional land use and its decline on secondary grassland in Kirigamine. We used the review of the literaturer and analyzed the topographical map after Meiji era by GIS. As a result, it is found that traditional land use was formed at the end of the 18th century in Kirigamine. And conversion of land use began from the Meiji era last stage. Moreover it became clear that the tourist facilities was built after World War II as secondary grassland in Kirigamine attracted attention from the whole country. With GIS, it became clear that the area of the secondary grassland is decreasing to 46% in 1913 - 1990.

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Population censuses have been conducted from 1985 to 2002 and results were compared with those of previous surveys in order to reveal the changes in the population level of birds and Amami rabbit in the Amami Island. It was found that 14 of the 20 species decreased their numbers. Analyzing their declines statistically in terms of regional differences, Lidth jay, Ryukyu robin, green pigeon, buntings and Amami rabbit showed larger declines in the area where invaded mongoose were more numerous. White-backed woodpecker, pigmy woodpecker and rosy minivet declined more sharply before the mongoose became abundant, and the probability of the effects of decrease in the area of mature forests was thought to be high, based on the past studies and their ecological characteristics.

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In this paper, Huangshan city is taken up which is famous tour destination in China. At first, we grasp the present condition of tourism management in Huangshan. Next, carry out an opinion poll about tourism development to local administration and companies, and synthesize the tourists’ investigations from Internet to grasp the problems by both side of need and supply side. At last, we perform systematization of the problems in tourism development based on DEMATEL method, try to find out the solution of this problem considering the natural environment, and try to arrange the development organization in mountain type tour destination in China.

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The purpose of this permaculture-based research is to create a sewage purification system using plants that can purify all sewages produced during a building construction. Different analyses and evaluations of water quality on a rain circulation system of a solid biotope type in KYOUDOU-no-MORI were carried out. The results show that further improvement of this system can not only enhance its purifying capacity of sewage materials, but also make it more environmentally friendly in future. Therefore, the authors have decided to carry out experiments and develop the existing permaculture system to an edible landscape based rich ecological system.

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School biotope in elementary school has been paid attention from the viewpoint of environmental education and nature reservation in Japan. In this study, the auther investigated how to make and maintain school biotope and the teachers’ consciousness of school biotope in Kobe where the number of making school biotopes is a lot. As a result, a pond is established in elementary school for environmental education under the name of school biotope and curriculums in school biotopes are concentrated in observation of creatures in most cases. In addition, the teachers’ eagerness is enhanced by the following consciousness that school biotope is useful for ecosystem, and the consciousness is related with the number of various biotope components that each school has. Finally, I propose the direction for school biotope in the elementary school.

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This paper reports on the result of a seawall construction tentatively aiming at habitat creation in inner Tokyo Bay. In this experimentation, seawalls with a tidal flat and with tide pools were designed for providing a new habitat. Some time after construction, various use of these seawalls were confirmed. These results are attributable to efficient supply of a new habitat, advance consideration of arrangement of tidal flats and tide pools on the different level.

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The City of Yokohama launched the ‘Eco-up Project’ in 1980’s. Since then, the number of project sites increased to about 150. The goal of the project is to enhance natural environment, as well as to rehabilitate the relationship between people and the nature in modern society. The achievement of the project, therefore, should not be evaluated by improvement of biological aspect alone. In this study, the authors composed a set of criteria that evaluates biological, social, and spatial aspects of an Eco-up project. The method was tested with 25 projects that are supported by local groups. The result suggested that the multi-aspect evaluation will help local groups understand their achievement and find new directions to push forward their nature-friendly activities.

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While the system of urban planning based on the concept of sustainability is required, each municipality does not have reasonable and legal plans. Basic environmental plans should be located at fundamental level of all policies. In addition, laws or ordinances should be prepared for environmental plans with regulations. Or if there are no comprehensive ordinances, each regulation should pay attention enough to realize the philosophy of basic environmental law.

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In 1979, in order to mitigate the increased densities from new subdivisions, the Coastal Commission developed and implemented through its permitting authority, a transfer of development credits (TDCs) program for the Los Angels County portion of the Santa Monica Mountains, including the area now within the City of Malibu. The TDCs program requires that for each new lot created under an approved subdivision, the applicant must extinguish, or retire, the development potential of existing lot. This mechanism not only keeps the ultimate density in the overall region from increasing, but focuses development in the more suitable areas by retiring lots those areas less suitable for development-donor areas. This program was expanded to include parcels within significant watersheds and sensitive habitat area.

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In this study, we investigated the change in the color of leaves of typical component trees in Satoyama coppice forests in the suburbs of Fukuoka City, on the basis of the changing properties of RGB and HSI values of aerial color photo data taken time serially throughout the year. In addition, we extracted the conditions effective for identifying the tree species (characteristic volume of photographing time and colors of RGB and HSI), and studied the possibility to identify the tree species by the combination of these conditions. As a result, it has become clear that the variance was large in the values of R, H and I among the tree species in the middle of May and early of December, and it was possible to identify specific tree species by processing these values through addition and comparison operations and combining the processed results.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the interannual variability of the vegetation around HITACHI City using satellite remotely sensed dala. It had been indicated that about 60(%) of the area in HITACHI City was a forest and that there were many forest fire. For example, about 218(ha) was lost in fire in 1991 and about 5(ha) was lost in 2001. Then, it was considered that to monitor the general condition of vegetation vitality is important. In this study, analysis method of the vegetation using Normalized Differential Vegetation Index was proposed, and the result was verified in the field study.

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Ratio of green coverage about 70 administrative districts in Kanto Plane was evaluated by vegetation index of Landsat TM data. Then efficiency of land use in development was analyzed using relations between this green area ratio and population density. There is large difference in remaining green area among districts having similar population density. Consequently, as for the population capacity under the condition of 30% green coverage, for example, there is the difference about double amount between the development protecting green space effectively and that loosing green space carelessly. And results also show a tendency that efficiency of development in early stage is lower than that of well-developed stage. Regarding to the districts with high population density, difference of green coverage was partly explained by the ratio of single house and multiple dwelling house.

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This study aims to clarify the current situations of shrine groves in Sakai City. The space characteristics of the shrines were evaluated based on their land size and the land use of the area surrounding the shrine, and the structural characteristics of the shrine groves were evaluated based on the current conditions of their green coverage and ground surface. Then, according to the results of these evaluations, the shrine groves were very close to natural habitat were chosen as the subjects of the flora survey. The results indicated that there was a variety of land characteristics and land sizes among the shrine groves studied, and that the shrine groves seemed to be more similar to the natural habitat when the percentage of urbanized area in the area with a radius of 500m was less than 50% or the land area of the shrines was more than 5,000m². The results clarified that the area of the shrine groves was correlated with the number of tree species grown in the shrine groves, and that the shrine groves did not always consist of laurel forest which is usually included in the natural habitats.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current conditions of roadside trees and to consider their future management. The roadside trees were defined as trees which were once planted in the precincts of temples and shrines or private lands where the works for widening the existing roads or readjusting the lands were planned, and which were actually preserved on the newly constructed roadsides. In this study, 23 roadside trees preserved in Osaka City were used. Their current conditions were evaluated through field and hearing surveys, and 3 trees were chosen to be the subjects of questionnaires conducted on the nearby residents. The results showed that among the residents there were higher awareness toward the roadside trees, higher value on them, and a greater desire of their preservation, while there was lower participation of the residents in management activities. The study found that the residents who were more familiar with the roadside trees seemed to be more willing to preserve them and to participate more often in management activities, which suggests that the first priority may be to increase awareness among the residents the roadside trees.

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The purpose of this research is to clarify present situations and problems regarding trees and forests preserved by regulation and to acquire fundamental materials regarding future tree preservation. The results are as follows; 1) In the last three years, 1,092 preserved trees and 465 preserved forests had their preservation status terminated. 2) The main reasons for termination of designated preservation status are cost of inheritance taxes and development of residential areas. 3) There are few districts which have tax incentives extended to owners of preserved trees or forests. From the above things, strengthening of the designation standard, establishment of a financial system for maintaining trees, fullness of tax incentives, improvement in consciousness of owners and residents are pointed out.

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This research explained the space character of the multiple housing which causes planting activities for the purpose of getting the index of effective community plan-making. As the result of the examining about occurrence of the voluntary plantings by the inhabitant at apartment complex in Hyogo Prefecture, the followings are found. (1)Occurrence of plantings by inhabitant is strongly influenced by ground condition which can plant or not. (2)Plantings that they were conscious of the landscape can be expected in the range that it is specially seen from the sidewalk. (3)As immanent plantings to complement, eatable plantings are grown with a flowerpot in accordance with the growth condition.

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People who live in temporary housing areas have needs for community formation. Especially in Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, it was needed for the aged people who are socially weak. This study examined the role of planting activities for community formation among the elderly people who live in temporary housing areas. Interview with residents in Minami-Ashiya-hama public housing indicated that planting activities significantly contribute community formation among the residents, especially for fragile elderly people, and their degrees depend on the types of garden.

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Even in Awaji Island, where is abundant in nature exists, people use many overseas species in their gardening activities. To promote local development with a true symbiosis with nature, it is important to look at using local wild plants rather than bringing in foreign ones, particularly taking into consideration how such plants affect the ecological system. Therefore, we researched the residents’ awareness about using wild plants and brought horticultural plants in gardening through some auestionare. The results showed that the plants they most often see and use are gardening species transferred from foreign countries. These include cases where the gardener does not particularly like the flower, but uses it rather for being “easy to grow” than for economical reasons. But they listed lilies and narcissuses, as wild plants to increase. For spreading wild plants in the future, it is more important to develop plant technology so that anybody can easily plant and expand the use of such plants themselves than preparing a better physical distribution system or lowering costs.

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Chemical component dissolved precipitation and stemflow of Pinus densiflora were investigated in both mountain and coastal regions of Kii-Tanabe, Japan. The weighted mean pH value of precipitation was 4.52 in the fomer and 4.59 in the latter during the experimental period. The NO₃^- to nss-SO₄^2- ratio in the precipitation was low, where the acidic contribution of NO₃^- was very small. Stemflow in the mountain region was high acidity, whereas in the coastal region H⁺ levels were adsorbed due to neutralization by the presence of base cation.

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Monthly change of water depth in some small ponds surrounded by agricultural land use in Ishikari peatlands, and recent land use change nearby ponds were studied. Water depth of five ponds rose during the irrigation periods (generally May to August) of paddy fields, and dropped during the non-irrigation periods (April, September and October), and the differences between maximum and minimum depth reached about 20 to 60cm. This is due to the inflow of irrigation or drainage water to ponds, and shows a close connection of water depth of ponds with paddy-fields irrigation. Analysis of land use change using air photographs in 1978 and 1998 showed; 1) the conversion from paddy fields to upland fields inside agricultural land use progressed on the whole, 2) the area reduction of pond water surfaces were 2.3 to 30%, 3) barren lands around ponds generally increased.

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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of sediment treatment as environmental factor on ecosystem community structure using experimental microcosm. As results, sediment treatment was made clear to influence to bio-community structure, for both sulfur in sediment and phytoplankton in water are able to be removed simultaneously, T-N/T-P mass ratio was set to around 10, and, the eutrophicated water condition as water-bloom dominated was improved as oligotrophic water condition. Furthermore, the necessity of consideration for bio-diversity level was pointed out because of sediment treatment’s environmental factor effect.

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In China there are seven major rivers; the Chang Jiang river, the Huang river, the Huaihe river, the Liaohe river, the Songhuajiang river and the Zhujiang river. Those watersheds cover a large range of China, but their water pollution have been become worse associated with the rapid economic growth. The first project of Chinese government for water pollution control was put into effect in the Huaihe river. In the study, After reviewing the general situation of water pollution control in China, the effect of Chinese government project on the Huaihe river was analyzed. It was clarified that although Chinese government tried to enact laws concerning water pollution these didn’t work effectively due to the lack of collaboration with enterprises and residents in the watershed area.

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The relationship between a techno-centered and the quality of life (QOL) arising from the influence of information environment was investigated and analyzed statistically based on questionnaire surveys of university students related to information science. It was found that the QOL of students of more techno-centered tendency was lower, attributable mainly to deficiencies and discontent with interpersonal relationships. Preemptive support measures to prevent such a decline in the QOL are therefore considered important, and two measures are proposed based on the findings of this analysis; making the students aware of the potential risk of becoming heavily techno-centered at the expense of personal relationships, and actively supporting and promoting altruism and interpersonal contact.

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Naturalness of vegetation is determined by the recognition of people. Then the impression of people provide an important basis for the rank of naturalness of the vegetation. We investigated the impression of people, who lived in various climatic condition and cultural circumstances, on the various types of vegetation in the south Japan Alps. To generalize the impression of naturalness of the vegetation obtained by the former result, we added the responses of the people who lived in the boreal part of Japan called Hokkaido, the subtropical part of Japan called Okinawa and the central part of Japan near Tokyo. The results showed the high naturalness on the alpine plants community and subalpine forests. Boreal and subtropical respondents found week naturalness in silver fir, bamboo grass, beech and oak, and peach field. Residents of the Alps felt naturalness on the rice and apple fields more than others. Visitors to the Alps felt naturalness on the mountain desert, stone pine, birch, beech and oak and silver fir. The frequent contact to the Alps arose naturalness on laurel forest, iris field, tea field, and larch.

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In this study, we have investigated the park with the pond in many migratory birds. Visitors with the children feed bread to the birds. They think that it is precious experience for children to communicate with birds. But, feed is prohibited to preserve water quality. Visitors know the prohibition of feeding, but they give feed to bird. We have carried out questionnaires investigation of visitor’s consciousness. From the social psychological viewpoint, we examined the difference of consciousness to the prohibition of feed. We examine the reason why visitors feed bread to birds, even though visitors know the prohibition. Two results of the investigation become clear, 1) Visitors don’t have recognize the seriousness of the water quality problem. and 2) Consciousness of visitors are influenced by others behavior.

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This paper describes what influence the role playing learning considered to be effective in pedagogy or psychology has on the evaluation of the policy in a community planning. The authors measured the evaluation to the policy in a community planning, in the case of role experience and group discussion, and in the case of group discussion. With the result of the experiment, it was shown that role playing learning had much influence of a people’s evaluation by the individual, and tended to make small variance of evaluation among individuals. Based on our finding, role playing learning can promote mutual understanding and solve confrontation of people’s criterion or a position.

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This article aimed to clarify various characteristics of social relations, the information transfers, the role accomplishments and study activities in the environmental communications between local people and the administration and among local people by analyzing the Nose dioxin problems in Osaka. The characteristic of the organization which promoted mediation in the cooperation of some movement organizations, effectiveness and problems of study and the investigation activities of the local people in communications between the administration and the people, and the characteristic seen in partnerships between administration and local people were clarified. Moreover, the condition to improve democratic of communications was considered.

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The purpose of this study is to grasp the regional structure from the viewpoint of the tideland aim at relation between human and tideland. The research was conducted in BANZU tideland, Kisaradu City, Chiha Prefecture. In conclusion, (1) The change of the fishery environment brought about the change of the consciousness to the tideland of the people. (2) Because of the improvement of the living environment, the habitant changed an existence value on the tideland from the place of the subsistence to the place with cash income. (3) The habitant looked for the economic value on the tideland and the citizen was looking for the value having to do with art and science on the tideland

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This paper critically examines the cost-benefit analysis system of public works project in Japan, by taking the typical case of the Isahaya Bay Reclamation Project (IBRP). In doing so, the authors suggested and applied contingent valuation method (CVM) as one of the alternative methods, to introduce socio-environmental considerations into project evaluation process. Accordingly, the benefit-cost (B/C) ratio of the IBRP is recalculated by inserting socio-environmental cost of 32,549 million yen, which falls in between the ratio of the original analysis conducted in 1986 and that of revised analysis of 1996. Finally, the study concluded that, recognition of socio-environmental costs present a platform to the citizens and the concerned public body, to decide about the continuation of the project before commencing it and can also work as a base for paying compensation to the concerned interested groups.

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The purpose of this study is to assess and evaluate the influence of street trees on the streetscape from the viewpoint of the ideal ratio of ’Height of trees‘ to ’Sidewalk-width‘ in order to consider the favorable and proportional streetscape with trees in residential districts before analyzing the relationship of the two factors quantitatively. By means of simulated image processed by an image processing software, the landscape evaluation was conducted and analyzed. The results are as follows: 1) Assessment of streetscape is specified by the two factors of ’desirability‘ and ’liberation‘, 2) according to the given sidewalk width member, it became clear that desirable tree-height changes with tree shapes. In comprehensive evaluation, while ’spherical shape‘ got higher marks, ’cone shape‘ was not preferred so much.

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The objective landscape evaluation of castle is difficult in order to treat the data with no consistency, and the landscape evaluation method to consider restoration of castle tower, moat and stone wall and reuse of castle has not been established. This paper aims to clarify a landscape evaluation structure of castle by using AHP method and to predict a landscape evaluation of castle after the restoring the Morioka castle tower. As a result, we could predict the synthesis landscape evaluation of castle considered the ratio of Sakuji’s magnitude and Fushin’s magnitude.

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In this paper, the fractal nature of the artificial block model made by using Discreet 3ds MAX^(TM) known as a three-dimensional graphic software have been studied. The shadow image is made using the shadow in irradiating the light from the top for the block model. Next then, the relevance between the fractal dimension of the image and the structure of urban space is examined. As a result, the relation between the fractal dimension of the image and the configuration, height, or shape of the building in the block is shown and it is clarified that it may be able to apply the presented method to the field which analyzes the structure and classifies the form of urban space.

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It was searched for the method for arranging and grasping about the feature as the local individuality and the feature of a forest scene. In this research, in order to perform index-ization of the feature of a local forest scene, the quantification using the concept of a fractal was performed to the outline of the tree crown in an inside landscape. As a result, it was clarified that the forest scene of Hita area with which arrangement makes a regular and orderly impression become familiar has a relatively low fractal dimension, and the forest scene of Yoshino area with which arrangement makes an irregular and disorderly impression become familiar has a little high. And it was checked that the concept of a fractal was effective as the quantification technique for index-izing of the feature of a local forest scene.

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