This paper considers the complementary cooperation between urban and rural areas through the SDGs from the case of SDGs future cities. Urban-rural cooperation initiatives are extracted from the SDGs future city plan. These extracted initiatives are examined by applying the area of the regional circular and ecological sphere proposed by the Ministry of the Environment. As a result, it was confirmed that there are not only initiatives such as water source recharging by geographically close municipalities, such as those connected to watersheds, but also complementary collaborative initiatives between geographically distant urban and rural areas on common issues and themes, such as timber production and consumption, and offset projects. The characteristics of this complementary urban-rural linkage like these in the SDGs Future City Plan are identified.

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In this study, the Kamejima River and the Tennozu Canal, which have the water area inside the water gate in central Tokyo, were selected as survey targets for the purpose of grasping the residents' awareness toward waterside utilization through hydraulic control, and the waterside was targeted at the residents in the surrounding area. We conducted a questionnaire survey on environmental awareness and evaluation. As a result, three points were clarified. (1) I evaluate the cleanliness and landscape of the waterside and feel dissatisfied with the water contact. (2) Residents enjoy the comfort of the waterside but do not feel any discomfort. (3) Residents are an important element of the waterfront to the living environment formation.

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We hypothesized that college students who exhibit higher levels of empathetic internet usage frequency tending to encourage each other have a higher resilience. Longitudinal data collected by questionnaire surveys of university students including survey items such as empathy, Internet addiction tendency and SNS tired were analyzed by structural equation modeling, and the results appeared to support our hypothesis. In order to improve this resilience in the current information society, it is effective to have the empathetic internet usage tending to encourage each other moderately so that it does not become overuse such as Internet addiction tendency or SNS tired.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify progress of the forest and peat fire countermeasures and identify challenges of fire management in Lukun Village, in Indonesia. After the large-scale fire in 2014, the village advanced the management including establishment of village's fire countermeasure team (MPA) with capacity development and extinguishing equipment and establishing canal blocking. Continuous support of the governments is indispensable for effective fire management.

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Escalators are widely used as devices that can efficiently transport a large number of users. It is necessary for people to be able to use it safely and with peace of mind. However, many accidents have occurred on escalators. The purpose of this study is to organize the data of escalator accidents and analytically clarifies the characteristics from the causes and situations of the accidents. As a result, it was shown that the risk of accidents was higher for those who were drunk and for the elderly, elderly people are often transported by ambulance and the accident factors are characteristic depending on the time of day.

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In Taiwan, the Rural Regeneration project has been implemented for 10 years since 2010 to revitalize rural communities. In this study, the actual situation of green tourism (GT) in Taiwan was clarified by deciphering the rural regeneration project plan of 832 communities. As a result, while the development of soft services was emphasized in GT resources, the promotion measures for lodge-type tourism in fishing villages were inadequate. Furthermore, from the multiple regression analysis of the distribution of farmhouse accommodations and tourism resources, we identified the factors that extend the staying time of tourists and propose GT development that encourages accommodation.

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We analyzed the differences in physical fitness measurements, answers to physical fitness questions, and the correlation between the frequency of participation and the care costs of 1,424 participants of "Ikiiki Hyakusai Gymnastics" in Sanyo-Onoda City, Yamaguchi Pref. We found that it was effective in the medium term in total score of MFS (Motor Fitness Scale) and blood pressure. After three years of the gymnastics, the care insurance certification level improved, and the more times the members participated, the more likely it was to curb care costs. In future, the results of the medium-term physical fitness survey will deteriorate, so it is necessary to introduce a psychological survey.

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In this study, we ascertained the reservoir hazard maps in 19 cities in Osaka Prefecture to understand the contents and its expression method. Then we explored the issues to promote public awareness and understanding of reservoir disasters and encourage the use of reservoir hazard map. The results showed that the contents of reservoirs hazard maps can be classified into following categories: basic information on reservoir, information on estimated flood map, information on disasters and evacuation, and information on everyday preparations. These descriptions were devised on each city. We also considered the current reaching point and issues on reservoir hazard maps in terms of disaster response and everyday preparation.

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This study identifies the impact of pandemic on traffic behavior in Portland, especially in relation to bicycles. We found that the pandemic affects health and income, but the effects vary depending on sociodemographic. Fairness is an issue. From the questionnaire survey, there is no significant change in short-distance commuting (15 minutes or less); health is an issue because walking is decreasing in first mile and last mile. The results of the logistic regression analysis revealed the characteristics of Bike Mix practitioners, who use bicycles in combination with other means of transportation such as public transportation. In addition, women were less likely to practice Bike Mix before the Pandemic, and singles and low-income households were less likely to practice Bike Mix after the Pandemic.

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This study aimed to clarify the factors affecting environmental evaluation on the Lake Biwa basin. We conducted a questionnaire survey for residents and analyzed 1102 responses by covariance structure model. As a result, (i) residents who have a strong attachment to Lake Biwa or who have a lot of information sources about lake are more interested in lake, and those residents tend to have a higher evaluation of water quality and ecosystem, (ii) other residents with a lots information sources about lake have a high level of knowledge, and those residents evaluated the water quality as good. (ⅲ) In only the Ado-River basin, residents with higher interest evaluated ecosystems and water quality as good.

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I investigated if walls, including stone walls, could be used as habitats for the communities of Pyrrosia linearifolia (Ulabaceae), a rare epiphytic fern. I confirmed establishment of P. linearifolia communities on 14 walls in 3 survey sites in Japan. Most walls on which P. linearifolia was found were almost vertical; other epiphytic ferns were also found in these walls. Natural stone walls and smooth walls constructed with concrete or mortar were each at 7 locations (50% of the sites). Additionally, the slope orientation was significantly skewed (Rayleigh's test, p < 0.01) and concentrated in north and east faces. Although the number of other rare epiphytic ferns able to grow in hardscape habitats remains unknown, I conclude that hardscape habitats can be used for future conservation of epiphytic ferns.

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In this study, questionnaire surveys in Toyooka City, Hyogo Prefecture, where the first storks were released into the wild, Unnan City, Shimane Prefecture, where field breeding has been successful, and Kamisu City, Ibaraki Prefecture, where field breeding is expected, were conducted in order to compare the perceptions of storks. In Kamisu City, where the percentage of sightings was low, awareness of the stork itself was high, and the stork was viewed positively as a "environmental barometer". As a hypothesis, it is proposed that the stork must be considered a local resource after several years of successful breeding in the field. For a stable domestic habitat, it is suggested that the stork must first be accepted as a "environmental barometer ", and that after several years of successful breeding, it can become a local resource.

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For realizing RCES (Regional Circular and Ecological Sphere), it is essential to manage forest from a sustainable and multifaceted perspective that can simultaneously achieve the multiple goals of the SDGs. We simulated the change of vegetation dynamics using a forest landscape simulation model, LANDIS-II. A comparison between forest management scenarios of Shiga prefecture was executed; BaU scenario; the Lake Biwa basic forest management plan. The synergy and trade-offs between carbon sequestration, woody biomass provisioning, and diversity of trees were evaluated. Forest zoning and active forest management increased carbon sequestration and woody biomass provisioning simultaneously and caused little damage to diversity of trees. The contribution to forest management planning that can decarbonize Shiga prefecture without trade-offs between diversity of trees and ecosystem services is expected.

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The present state and issues of semi-natural grassland management in Japan were investigated through a nationwide questionnaire survey. Results showed that most of the grasslands that were formed through grazing, mowing, and collection of thatch in the past were maintained for tourism and wildlife conservation. Local communities and municipalities played great roles and bore considerable burden in maintaining grasslands. However, new contributors, such as nonprofit organizations (NPOs) and volunteers, are committed to managing grasslands. Therefore, the collaboration of citizen sectors, such as NPOs and volunteers, with municipalities and local communities would be effective for future grassland management.

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In the results of analyzing the aerial photographs by dividing spatial changes into buildings and other than buildings(parking lot) inside and outside of buffer zone of Changdeokgung Palace in Korea and Nijo-jo Castle in Japan after being registered as World Heritage, this study verified the front gate-centered maintenance, differences of change in each section, extinction of Hanok-style and Machiya-style buildings and increase of tourist-centered parking lot. Through this, this study found out that there is a limit to the management of the surrounding areas of World Heritage only by the regulation of the visual impact of the height and design of new buildings.

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In this study, we investigated the succession of sacred trees in central Tokyo from “Edo Meisho Zue”. As a result, it was clarified that the living trees are protected for longevity, and that the dead trees would be replaced by the second-generation and later sacred trees. Moreover, the surviving trees tended to become more important due to their history and the strength to survive the Great Kanto Earthquake and war damage. On the other hand, it was shown that there was a tendency to worship the first dead tree from the recognition that the first tree is the sacred tree.

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In 2017 chloroethylene was added to the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Act as a specified hazardous substance. In this study we focused on VC, and measured and evaluated the behavior of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOC) in unsaturated soil. The adsorption/absorption characteristics of each CVOC on four soils were measured and the distribution ratios to each phase in unsaturated soils were calculated. The ratio to each phase varied greatly depending on the type of CVOC and the type of soil. It was found that VC are easily affected by environmental changes such as rainfall and caution is required during surveys and evaluations.

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Abstract：We conducted a questionnaire survey to assess awareness of damages and attitudes towards extermination of 3 native harmful animals and 6 invasive non-native species, and investigate factors affecting the attitudes. While awareness of damages caused by harmful animals were high, there were differences among awareness of each non-native species and awareness of damages caused by each species. The attitudes towards extermination were mainly affected by gender, age group, and awareness of damages by the species. When conducting a native harmful animal or non-native species extermination project, it is considered important to explain the damage caused by the species in detail.

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This thesis explores the spatial characteristics of private gardens in northern China, with a focus on the orientation and layout. The spatial nature of 22 private gardens is categorised on the basis of the architectural disposition form, axis and spatial definition, and the gardens are divided into 3 groups. The identity of the owner, the location of the garden and the position of the garden entrance have an influence on the spatial layout of each garden and its buildings. In group A, the buildings have a variety of layout forms and are deliberately offset to the East, dividing the garden into a variety of spatial configurations. In group B, the buildings are evenly distributed to the east and west of a square courtyard, which encloses the landscape elements of the gardens. In group C, a large building is located to the north of the garden where it maintains a unified axis with the garden landscape elements, creating a bright open space to the south of the garden.

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This study aims to explore both emotion of citizens and the content of newspapers coverage regarding the Cool Biz campaigns, which is the recognition of the government topdown approach in terms of climate change measures. The study employed contents and sentiment analyses. The result indicates the reports related to Cool Biz were focused on economics and politics because it relies on government led demands. Additionally, sentiment analysis showed that all values was negative, while the fact does not necessarily indicate a negative from the viewpoint of behavioral changes related to the climate change communication.

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In this research, to promote city planning with adaptation for thermal environment, installation cool spots in urban area was focused. The experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of reducing heat stress due to the difference in the thermal environment with respect to the space where the person stays after walking under sunshine in the summer. As a result of the experiments, it was possible to confirm the effect in terms of human physiology and psychological reaction, human body heat balance, and recovery of increased heart rate, due to the difference in the thermal environment of the space. With reference to the above results, we examined the thermal environment conditions and break times suitable as a cool spot installed in urban area.

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Targeting Shiga Prefecture, the study proposed energy utilization scenarios for wood biomass as a nature-based solution (NbS) toward the realization of a zero-carbon society. the study evaluated to quantify co-benefits for the environment, economy and society through implementation of NbS. In addition, it was discussed the behavioral changes required on the user and the factors necessary to realize the scenario when using wood biomass as energy.

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In recent years, solar PV facilities have been increased. There are cases where regional troubles occur due to insufficient regulatory system. In this study, we targeted Hamamatsu City, and analyzed the actual location of solar PV facilities from the three perspectives of living environment, disaster and cumulative impact, aiming for the introduction of solar power while coexisting with the local community. As a result of GIS analysis, it became clear that many solar PV facilities are installed in areas such as disaster hazard areas and urban areas that are likely to affect the disaster or living environment. In addition, there are facilities that can be regarded as large-scale facilities because small-scale power generation facilities are adjacent to each other, and the possibility of cumulative impact was clarified.

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As the population decreases and the amount of waste is reduced, waste collection system needs to be reviewed. In this paper, the routes of household waste collection vehicles at the Shirokita Office in Osaka City were input by using GIS, and the correlation between roads distance and driving distance is analyzed to create collection areas with local districts as the basic unit, and a model for calculating the carbon emissions has been proposed. The model estimates the distance traveled by setting the two-step area coordinating to the plant location and population, which allows estimation of CO2 emissions in consideration of fuel consumption. Using the model, case studies with varying number and location of incineration plants, waste emission intensity, and population show that in a case of population in 2015, 80% of the CO2 emits from vehicles during transportation and 20% during collection.

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Only 9.8% of cities with a population of 10,000 or less declared a 2050 zero-carbon city. We defined the ratio of the sum of CO2 reduction by renewable energy and CO2 absorption by forests to CO2 emissions as “Local Carbon Cycle Rate (LCCR).” We also analyzed 170 municipalities that declared the zero-carbon city but have not made the reduction action plan yet. As a result, 27 municipalities among them were already zero-carbon cities, exceeding over 100% of LCCR. These municipalities have a great amount of forest absorption of CO2 and low installation rate of renewable energy, which proved the importance of forest absorption of CO2. As to 2050 BAU CO2 emission, we estimated the number of the municipalities over 100% of LCCR would increase to 43 due to population decline.

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Japan instituted a feed-in tariff scheme for renewable energies in July 2012 and especially, more photovoltaic systems have been installed. On the other hand, it is becoming one of the serious issues in the management of imbalances resulting from forecast errors in photovoltaic outputs. In this study, we evaluated the coproduction system of electricity and hydrogen to manage the imbalances resulting from forecast errors in renewable energy outputs by power retail companies. Therefore, it is shown that the coproduction system of electricity and hydrogen is effective hedging strategy to reduce imbalances risk under our setting conditions. In particular, it is found that it is more economical to procure two or more different renewable energy sources or to install a larger electrolyzer if forecast errors are large.

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Total 10 globe thermometers had been used for 1 month outdoor and the effect of the maintenance frequency and methods of globe surfaces was investigated. 5 black and white compact globe thermometers whose diameters are 4 mm were used. Maintenance types are (1) wiping with wet cloth every day, (2) wiping with wet cloth once a week, (3) wiping with dry cloth once a week, (4) wiping with wet cloth once two weeks, and (5) no maintenance. It was found that rainfall and wind reduce the dirt on the surface of globe thermometers.

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Solar-sharing projects have been fully introduced since 2013. Then, various problems appear now. This article aims to analyze the awareness of municipal governments to the issue through questionnaire survey on municipalities. The main result shows that it is likely to be considered to be difficult to coexist the solar-PV and farming. The reason is that there are concerns unfavorable effects for agriculture while they recognized the promotion of renewable energies as inevitable. It implies the necessity to introduce system to effectively utilize abandoned farmlands while preserving prime farmlands.

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Public opinion surveys have shown that Japanese younger people have lower environmental awareness. Although life events have attracted attention as a factor in such generational differences, it is not clear whether they enhance environmental awareness. On the other hand, environmental education in schools since the 1990s in Japan is expected to increase environmental awareness among young people. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey to examine how life events and the experience of environmental education relate to the environmental awareness in Japanese adulthood. As a result, we found that the experience of environmental education, the sharing of housework and the experience of parenting the first child were the factors that decreased the generational differences.

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Trekkers’ awareness and response to mountaineering risk have been shown to affect the probability and severity of accidents. Ultimately aiming at improving measures against accidents, this study examined trekkers’ degree of caution, information acquisition before trekking, and risk awareness (including difficulty to predict), as well as their ability to predict and avoid risk. The analysis showed statistically significant relations between the degree of caution and personal attributes; a higher degree of caution was linked to a tendency to acquire information before trekking which, in turn, increased awareness of potential risks. The results confirmed variations in risk predictability and avoidance due to differences in degree of their caution, emphasizing the necessity of examining the relationship between risk avoidant behavior and risk predictability and avoidance.

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This research aims to clarify the development pattern of the overseas promotional strategy of Destination Management/Marketing Organizations(DMOs), using inbound tourism from Taiwan as an example. We surveyed DMOs in Japan and verified the DMOs’ formation and establishment plans. The results indicate the following aspects of DMOs’ overseas promotional strategy in Taiwan: 1) digital promotion targeting a wide variety of tourism-related organizations and tourists; 2) promotions targeting specified tourism-related organizations; and 3) promotions targeting travel agencies in Taiwan.We thus clarified that DMOs' strategy consists of the above three patterns, however, the combination of the three significantly differs by DMO.

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This study engaged participants from Kasumigaura Kojo Taiken School (Lake Kasumigaura Experience School ) in an environmental learning program that allows them to experience nature, for analyzing the determinants of environmentally conscious actions using the simultaneous multi-population analysis. The study confirmed configural invariance, indicating that there were no differences in responses among the groups before, immediately after, and one month after the learning. In other words, the determinants for environmentally conscious actions may not change as a result of environmental learning. The results suggest that prior studies on the determinants of environmentally conscious behavior that did not involve any environmental learning can be used as a reference for creating content on environmental learning. Environmentally conscious actions were influenced by attitude toward environmental preservation, affinity, value recognition, and social norm evaluations. In particular, attitude toward environmental preservation had a strong influence on environmentally conscious actions immediately after learning. It was suggested that to strengthen environmentally conscious actions, such actions should be influenced by the nature of attitude toward environmental preservation.

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In this study, we tried to visualize and understand the structure of the discussion by applying the method of conversation analysis to the minutes of the public decision-making process. As a result of analyzing the minutes of the Yodo River Watershed Committee, it was possible to clarify the transition of the discussion structure in the committee; the committee's discussions began with sharing information, recognition, and opinions among the committee members, followed by more questions and answers, and especially in the middle of the committee, these direct exchanges increased, and the question and answer session continued to be active toward the end of the committee, and the discussion proceeded while summarizing the remarks and carefully checking the contents.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of online hands-on nature-based classes, the factors that promote them, and the course components that influence such effects. Accordingly, we held an online nature-based classes, mainly on-demand, for 32 female university students. As a result, it was shown that 1. awareness and feelings toward satochi-satoyama increased, and 2. factors for promoting awareness raising include recognizing senses of benefit, crisis, and effectiveness. Furthermore, it became clear that simulated forest surveys through videos, and actual experiences involving the organizing of issues, crafting, and exercising, are influential components.

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This study aims to identify the attributes, travel characteristics, and attitudes toward an environmental conservation fund among users of paid and free parking lots and low emission buses in the Oku-Nikko area of Nikko National Park, and to discuss the suitability of the fund for the area, its use, and issues. As a result, of the 991 respondents, about 90% agree to create the fund. Based on the travel characteristics of park users, more than 90% of whom use cars, a fund with additional fees for parking and low emission buses is thought to be fit with the characteristics of park use. However, there are some differences in attitudes among the users, and it is thought to be important to seek their understanding of the necessity of the fund.

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Since the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in the end of 2019 in Japan, its impact has been expanding to date (as of May, 2021). In Japan, it also affects economic aspect. In this article, we focus on tourism industry, one of the most severely damaged sectors and influencing other industries. We estimated the economic impact of COVID-19 on tourism industry due to the evaporation of final demand in this sector in four Japanese prefectures, namely Hokkaido, Kanagawa, Kyoto and Kagawa prefectures for the period from April to June in 2020 by using input-output analysis. Based on the findings, relationship between tourism industry and other industries were clarified with the consideration to the socio-economic settings in the four prefectures.

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In this study, we clarified the relationship between visiting places and experiences in the region and willingness to pay using CVM analysis, based on a questionnaire survey of visiting places, activities and willingness to pay for environmental conservation conducted in the Aso area of Aso-Kuju National Park. As a result, it was suggested that visitors aiming to purchase food and drink had low awareness of conservation of natural resources, and that food and drink purchase in tourism behavior and natural resources were not linked. In addition, visitors visiting both mountains and towns tended to have high WTP. On the other hand, visitors whose visiting area was completed in the town generally had a low awareness of conservation of the natural environment.

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In this study, we clarified the similarities, differences, and evaluation tendency of the tour experience between Japanese and foreigners’ through text mining of Japanese and English reviews about Hama-rikyu Gardens posted on the travel review site "tripadviser". The results showed that Japanese people often described the plants in the garden and the surrounding city area in terms, while foreigners were rich in adjectival expressions regarding their impressions of the garden. The analysis of co-occurrence revealed the similarities between the Japanese and foreigners who highly appreciated the volunteer guides. As for the differences, the Japanese noticed the large number of foreign tourists while the foreigners may have been more interested in the unique history of the garden than the Japanese do.

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During the period from 1989 to January 2020, 34 ordinances has enacted in Prefectures and Municipalities (in 11 Prefectures and 23 Municipalities). Until 2000, there were only two ordinances, however, after 2001, the number has grown rapidly. All of them are distributed from Kanto area to the south. Especially, 10 of 11 Prefectures’ ordinances are located from Kansai area to the west. Four of 35 ordinances aim not only to regulate lighting but also to promote those Prefectures and Municipalities. 30 ordinances have provisions for sanction (20 have fine provisions and 10 have only provision to publish names.). Municipalities in the metropolitan area, such as Saitama city enacted ordinances to conserve the dark sky, and their triggers were complaints against commercial search lights.

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This study analyzes focus group interviews conducted 14 months later on an experiential, four-nights five-days environmental education program for university students in the field setting on Tsushima City, which was targeted on a nature conservation. Focus Group Interview was organized as verbatim transcripts, and Steps for Cording and Theorization (SCAT) method was used for the analysis. The following five points were precipitated: "basic skills as an environmental educator," "special experience that appealed to them," "multiple perspectives in making decisions," "awareness that communicators should keep in mind," and "ability to organize and present appropriately. "

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Sea bathing is becoming less popular and the number of visitors is decreasing. However, even though it is said that "lack of interest in the sea" and "the popularity of sea bathing is sluggish", people's desire for the beach is not necessarily lost, and it can be regarded as a sign of changes in the way to interact with beach spaces. In this study, we find activities factor for sea bathing (affirmation) by analyzing comment contents written by leader on "lack of interest in the sea" published in newspapers. For that purpose, the study shows the result of trying to capture the co-occurrence relationship of words by using morphological analysis used for language analysis.

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The purpose of this study is to understand the various legal systems surrounding welfare facilities for persons with disabilities, and to conduct a fact-finding survey on disaster response manuals created by welfare facilities for persons with disabilities in order to meet their responsibilities. As a result, when creating the disaster response manual, we confirmed the current situation in which disaster prevention specialists are not always involved and the anxieties of facility workers associated with it. In addition, regarding the evacuation routes that are required to be described in the manual, it was confirmed that the current situation is not necessarily a plan that allows people with disabilities to evacuate, such as road slopes. Furthermore, by grasping the views on designated and welfare evacuation centers from the perspective of persons with disabilities, this study found a problem with the effectiveness of the disaster response manual formulated by welfare facilities for persons with disabilities.

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The aim of this study was to determine the effects, caused by livestock trampling, on the infiltration capacity of rainwater in the Mongolian rangelands. We investigated three types of rangeland, namely, high clay (S1), low clay (S2), and sand dune sites (S3). Infiltration capacities under overgrazing conditions were determined by performing soil compaction using a rammer test (JIS A1210) and measuring the saturated hydraulic conductivity by the falling head permeameter test. The amount of energy from the soil compaction test was equal to 3.6 times the number of grazing animals in the study area in 2012. Assuming that all rainfall exceeding infiltration capacity was lost because of soil surface flow, the percentage of rainwater loss after compaction to annual rainfall was 97% for S1, 13% for S2, and 0% for S3. This indicates that high clay content significantly reduces rainfall infiltration affected by livestock trampling.

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Effects of climate changes on biodiversity has been one of big concerns. The cool-temperate forests locating at high-altitude zone in Japan is one of vulnerable zones. The presented study discussed the way of the quantitative assessment of Platycerus stag-beetles with female-attracted flight interception traps (FIT) toward proposing a method of quantitative assessment without expertized techniques. Compared with the sweeping on sprouting broad-leaves trees, Platycerus males were collected more efficiently, and the position of setting FITs had few effects on the results. On the other hand, it was revealed that un-mated females of the species in closed taxonomic groups are required for the investigation. Quantitative assessments with number and working-time of traps are expected.

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In order to promote measures for reducing greenhouse gases emissions and promoting renewable energy in the context of tackling climate change, the Act on the Use of Marine Space for Renewable Energies was adopted in Japan in 2018 to allow the long-term ocean use and facilitate stakeholder coordination. In this study, the mapping and analyses were carried out on multi-stakeholder interests. The statutory council was rather limited in its membership and fell short of stakeholder inclusiveness. The private sector holds diverse interests depending on the types of business operation such as manufacturing, assembly, construction, maintenance and finance and on the location of headquarters and shareholders. Based on the stakeholder analyses that note diverse interests, it is deemed as vital to support institutional development that is conducive to participatory consensus building and the advancement of local community's interests through sustainable ocean economies.

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In this report, we organized the factors of regional characteristics and corporate characteristics required for the introduction of woody biomass boilers. We organized whether it corresponds to each characteristic factor through literature, field studies and hearing surveys. The case study is Kuji Biomass Energy Company, which operates a heat supply business in Kuji City, Iwate. Based on the results, we described the characteristics of this case and tried to make a proposal for the spread and expansion of woody biomass boilers in the city.

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In this study, we aim to analyze effective awareness methods of changing energy saving behavior based on solution-focused approach. The solution-focused approach is an intervention technique that utilizes the knowledge of clinical psychology. We designed a questionnaire survey based on solution-focused coaching questions including the “scaling question” and “well-formed goal” for changing energy saving behavior to 228 youth. Our results suggested that the solution-focused approach increases positive affect, decreases negative affect for changing energy saving as well as increasing their insight and understanding of the climate change.

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This study focused on conservation fee in natural resource management in the case of mountain area in Nagano prefecture, and investigated perceptions of visitors following consideration of roles of mountain lodges by literature study, hearing, and questionnaire. Visitors has decreased in 2020 due to the Coronavirus Crisis, and it led reservation system approved, also visitor's positive attitude toward conservation fee in future. Affirmative commitment of visitors is significant, and it is important to define the roles of stakeholders as operators of field utilization, and make efficient circulation system of conservation fees. Regarding visitors as a member of stakeholders and promoting management of utilization based on characteristics of resources and visitor's needs are getting more significance.

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Through an interview survey, the researchers clarify the characteristics of participants and systems that participate in activities for the conservation of natural resources in the summit area of Mount Daisen in Daisen?Oki National Park. Participants were classified into two groups, with one comprising general participants who engaged in simple work and the other including key participants who plan conservation activities and improve existing methods for nature conservation. A small number of leaders among key participants gathered human resources that have specialized knowledge about conservation activities for natural resources from related organizations that helped develop existing methods. However, their gathering systems have gradually weakened. On another note, general participants were recruited as volunteers. The general participants’ gathering systems were observed to be successful.

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With increased consciousness towards health and nature, a growing number of middle-aged and elderly people are taking walks in the Satoyama landscapes using the areas’footpaths. In the Satoyama areas, which are areas that spread over gentle hills, people often get lost at branching points. Therefore it is important to improve people’s map reading skills. This study developed a self-guided walking tour application for navigating the Satoyama footpaths. It combines AR technology and navigation functions for the Tama Hills located in Machida city, Tokyo. We also conducted a questionnaire survey with 32 middle-aged and elderly people in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the application and to compare the results with the effectiveness of conventional paper guide maps. The study was able to confirm the effectiveness of the self-guided tour application based on users’ feelings and experiences using the application.

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