Recently, many wind farms have come to be constructed in our country. As an impact of wind farms, which have dozens of huge windmills, on landscape cannot be disregarded, this study analyzed visual impacts of windmills arrangement on landscape. For the first step, we prepared Computer Graphic (CG) pictures which have windmills on the position of various forms, the distances from viewpoint and the widths of them. The next step, 48 students evaluated these pictures with 10 adjective words in Semantic Deferential (SD) method. Measure findings were as follows: (1) the factors of seeing windmills are feelings of oppression, balance and density; (2) these 3 factors of visual evaluation have the relation to the windmills arrangement; (3) this finding shows that visual impacts of windmills could be moderated by operating their arrangement.

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This research conducted investigation on a sketch map in order to consider the relation of the child and living environment in a developmental stage in Makuhari in 1999 and 2003. Change of the physical environment of both years, change of the number of elements drawn on the sketch map, and change of expression of a sketch map are compared and analyzed. And an environmental change and the relation of space cognition which surround a child are considered.

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Research about the recognitions of greens of which the regidents in Kawasaki Oomiya housing development, the housing rebulding in the city area. The following has found. The residents have high recognition about the greening and the biotope on the rooftop, and the 90% of them approval evaluate the present conditions of these greens. But they hope to use them more effectively. The recognition of the rooftop greening is relative to the interest of the greens in the site, and the 30% of them expressed to participation about keeping operarion of the greens. It has shown that the information of the greening is effective to the improvement of the consciousness and expansion of use of greens for the residents.

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It is searched the use of the plants which fit in climates in landscape architecture or activities for horticulture these days. If the purpose is an environmental conservation from an ecological point of view, the use of plants, which fit in a climate, is very important. In this research, I have investigated people's acknowledgement of plants in various ways and their use. And in educational programs how people thought about the effectiveness in using the plants that fit in climate and its use was interviewed. As a result, it is found that plants are sought after to be a memory, one's favorite, or a thing to buy. Also it is verified that in citizen activities aiming at environmental development a higher consciousness towards these plants is found.

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This study aims to contribute to conservation of independent trees in the city region through making inquiries into the local residents' recognition of independent trees, focusing on the protection trees systems. The conclusions based on the questionnaire and field survey conducted in Hanshin area are; cognition of trees is not influenced by only physical characteristics of trees such as their heights but also their accessibility and visibility, the characteristics of inhabitants, such as their age and educational background on the nature and the history of an area, play the important role on recognition of trees, trees protected by the protection trees systems are characteristic due to having a strong tie to the area and inhabitants.

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To clarify the present situation of and the problems in urban open space use for natural environmental education, we carried out a questionnaire survey covering the elementary and the junior high schools in Chiba City. Though most of the schools used urban parks for natural environmental education, they, especially the junior high schools, wanted to use urban forests or plant gardens as the fields of natural environmental education. Not a few schools pointed out the importance of educational facilities, information relating to the environmental education or educational supports by instructors. Such schools tended to want to use urban parks. There was remarkable difference between the free opinion answered by the elementary schools and that by the junior high schools, which indicates that the needs for open spaces may vary according to the learner's age and position. Therefore, researches considering wide range of learners are desirable.

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This study aims to evaluate views of visitors to a zoo in Japan related to layout of display of animals based on Landscape Immersion. Osaka Municipal Tennoji Zoo was chosen as the study area, and traveling lines between animal exhibits were studied. We compared layout of display of animals based on Landscape Immersion and the traditional layout. The results indicated that layout based on Landscape Immersion gained a higher degree of integrity and balance, as well as better visitors' impression. In addition, it had higher expectancy and sense of immersion in traveling between displays. The challenges to be tackled were that animals displayed were not easily seen in the layout based on Landscape Immersion, and that the access paths to animal exhibits were narrow and difficult to walk.

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This study was intended for citizens and civic group activities related to forest conservation, originated from development project in Komae City, Tokyo, and revealed the factors of how the forest was reserved as greenery and led to maintenance activities. The results are as follows: 1)The opposition movement was deployed to the civic group not only from the concern in the area but widely as a civic problem. 2)Not only citizens with experience of other civic groups, but also the citizens with special knowledge joined the movement. 3)These was a place where citizens can exchange information each other. 4)Works were carried on cooperating with administrative authorities with common perceptions.

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The study targeted the satoyama activities to be prosperous at urban-site. We aim to clear the relation between the year of activities to be formed and transition of open-space decreasing. First we were undertaken to clarify the attract area, based on the participants spending the time for transfer and so on. And we grasped the area have 0-20km spread. Second, we researched the transition of land use in the area by GIS. We understood the relation of the activities to be formed influenced more strongly transition of each open-space size than transition of whole open-space area. And satoyama activities were formed after the highest decrease ratio point between 1974 and 1994. Therefore, the study cleared one of the elements that were decrease ratio of each open-space size for satoyama activities to be formed.

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The radar chart which totally visualizes the development stages of the construction processes of the environmental education systems is developed in this article. It is founded on the analysis of the advanced case under the leadership of LEAF (NPO) in Nishinomiya. Environmental education systems are explained by the two variables; the construction of the learning platform and the confirmation of the learning performance. Each evaluation guidelines points are made up of (1)infrastructure use, (2)learning programs, (3)capacity building, (4)the chain of the educational activities and the environmental management, and (5)monetary resources. The five stages of environmental education systems are established by the combinations of variables of the learning platform and the learning performance.

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This paper focuses on the "collaboration" toward construction of resources recycling regional system in a rural area. The research field was "Nanohana Eco Project", in Oasa-Town, Hiroshima Prefecture. Main findings include; 1)This system can be classified into eight sections; "rape blossoms cultivation", "rape blossoms harvest", "extraction of the rapeseed oil", "manufacturing and sales of rapeseed oil", "use of the rapeseed oil", "collection of waist oil", "refinement to bio diesel fuel (BDF)", and "use of BDF". 2)A nonprofit organization plays a main role in the construction of this system. Besides this nonprofit organization, this system consists of the collaboration of a total of 35 subjects such as residents, farmers, etc. 3)Incentives of the subjects participating in this system are various, ; Agricultural cooperative association and trader of oil extracting expect economical merit, while other subjects work as volunteers.

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Using the corporate management index of a company value appraisal method, this research solved profits distribution structure of recycling based society in rural area, and analyzed about the structure of value creation. The case of the "Nanohana Project" in Aito-town, Shiga Pref. was selected. Consequently, the following things became clear. 1)A recycling based society is the cooperation structure of an enterprise, collaboration, and a support base. 2)The capital dropped in this example is not collected directly. 3)By being made known as a system with peculiarity, this project is an advanced system by which added value, such as reduction of the gains of sales in an area and cleaning expense, is created. 4)The value is distributed to all system participation persons.

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The aim of this study is to clarify the influence to the participants' attitude on the issues of regional environment by provision of spatial information. For this purpose, information including geographic ones was provided during the series of "Yaku Islands environmental workshop", and questionnaire-surveys were conducted to the participants. Consequently, realizations and findings on the issues were appeared from many participants, and it was related with changing of their opinions. Especially, the positive opinions of tax increases for the environmental preservation have significant relationship with the information provision.

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This study focused on the multi-generational workshop as a method that makes collaboration between adults and children. Experimental workshops were conducted in Yakushima Island, a Natural World Heritages Site, to clarify the effect of the collaboration of different generations. Analyzing workshop products and questionnaires, following conclusions are derived: 1)many opinions produced by the workshops were shared among the different generations, 2)children tended to complain about their environmental situation, so that sustainable dialogues for the learning process should be continued, 3)some children belonging to the mixed group changed their opinion about the reduction of public constructions through interactive information exchange.

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In this research, we explored the realities of the network between users, and regional network, and the factor in which it is formed in four allotment gardens which exist near the city. And then we considered the establishment of regional network which used allotment garden. As the result of study, we have checked that it was effective to perform making a rule with high flexibility in a citizen plantation. It is because users' communication activates and a leader is generated automatically. And we suggested the realities of a regional network. For example, agricultural instruction from a circumference farmer, distribution of the compost of cow dung, etc. are mentioned.

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Recently, in Hyogo Prefecture many people have been taking part of the activity to open their own private gardens to public for beautification of townscape and community development. But local governments don't have proper informations about their needs. Therefore, we analyzed the needs of the people who have experiences or interests of this activity from questionnaires. As the result, we found that most of them want more support to rocal governments in public relations and management of these events than finacial support for maintenace of their gardens which is apt to be thougt as the best needs of them.

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In this study, we have analyzed from a questionnaire which components were necessary for constructing waterside facilities. The civic image was analyzed using factor analysis and cluster analysis. The analysis shows many inhabitants expect clean water and beautiful scenery around river. Inhabitants have hope for the facilities where we can approach the riverside and in the river safety.

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Cities with high density commonly face the difficulty of creating an ideal disaster prevention network in the urban planning. Due to the limitation of land spaces in cities, it is essential to fully utilize the riverside spaces and parks as the purposes of supporting high quality of living standards, in the meanwhile strengthening the function of disaster prevention network. First, based on the previous networking studies for the distribution of public green spaces, spatial characteristics of reverside spaces and parks are identified. Secondly, the spatial relationships between evacuation areas and public green spaces are defined as the indicators to evaluate network functions in neighborhood scales. Finally, strategies for the improvement of network by fully utilizing the green space network are discussed.

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In this study, sustainable waterside suitable for children to play was considered prospectively. The area studied was Heguri-cho, Ikoma-gun, Nara. The interview was carried out on the residents aged from 10 to 70 to understand how their playing has changed over time, and what spatial and social factors contributed to the change. The results showed that characteristics about changes of play were divided into the following groups: the stepwise change in quality of play, relation with their food habits, change in play space, the number of kinds of play, and children at play. The main spatial contributors were opening of the public pool and deterioration of water quality, and the social contributors were the outbreak of the war, change in eating habit, changes in social rules toward waterside. Considerations of design of waterside space in the future suggest that we should improve spatial structure of waterside, and change social consciousness toward play in waterside.

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In this research, the river channel vegetation and plantation living in the Hino River course were grasped using the aerial photographs. The vegetation overgrowth situation was digitized, and calculates the effect of vegetation on the flood flow. As the result, that discharge capacity in the present condition vegetation and discharge capacity in felling the tree, etc. are analyzed. And, the river channel interval where predictions and tree trimming of shape of water surface are necessary is examined.

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In this paper, we examine the coastal landscape in Hokkaido comparing the drawings in the Kaiho-Nissi (Kaiho Journal) , which was written 150 years ago, and the pictures of today in the brochures for tourists. As a result of cluster analysis and multiple comparison, Kaiho Journal has 5 clusters of the drawings. Another cluster analysis of the pictures shows commonness with the drawings, like curious rocks, capes and overhanging cliffs. On the other hand, some areas of seashore and bathing places utilize the property of the landscape. As a result of comparing the cluster of Kaiho-Nissi drawings with the cluster of picture in the brochures, specific natural landscapes in the drawings are still conserved and utilized.

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This paper describes a study that used 3-dimensional space information to define visible spaces. The 3-dimensional space information was based on the viewpoints of the local inhabitants of coastal fishing villages that have complex geographical features. A 3D geographical feature model of GIS data was shaded using inverse-square damping. This produced a 3-D shaded picture that approximated a human's visual perception of the landscape. Additional data was gathered via a questionnaire that evaluated the cognitions of local inhabitants regarding the local space (region, mountains, sea, landmarks in the town, etc.). The landscapes produced by these two data sets were then compared in order to discern any similarities.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in green tracts of land in the central urban district in the vicinity of Mito City using green space maps prepared from topographical maps and satellite image. Few investigations have been carried out to date on long-term changes in the surficial distribution of green tracts of land together with further investigations on the trend of variation. We analyzed changes in green tracts and the trend of variation using the 1:25000 topograpical maps published by the Geographical Survey Institute (1940, 1970, 1985 and 2000) and satellite images (EOS-Terra / ASTER:2000). As a result of this analysis, the following findings were obtained: (1)A decline in green space in the southwestern direction from the central district of the city was observed. (2)By improving the analysis procedure, the segmentation of the green land was clearly confirmed.

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In this study, defoliation transition pattern and stand structure were analyzed from time series DSM (Digital Surface Model) based on acquired airborne laser scanner data around the defoliation for Satoyama coppice forest in Tama Forest Science Garden. And, the tree species division was carried out based on color change (the leaf color change) on the orthoscopic color images in 2 time photographed in the turning red (yellow) leaves period. As the result, it was possible to grasp slowness and fastness of the defoliation and existence of understory vegetation and shrub layer from the time series DSM. In tree species division based on the leaf color change, it was possible to extract trees such as Quercus serrata and Quercus glauca which mix in the forest in which Zelkova serrata is dominant. In addition, it was possible to subdivide the forest type by making the synthetic figure by adding defoliation transition pattern, stand structure to the tree species division result.

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We studied the relationship between surface temperature (Ts) and vegetation index (NDVI) using ground observation data and satellite data. Ground observation data in soybean fields revealed that the regression coefficient of both was negative, with a large magnitude in the earlier growth stage; it was small during the later. The magnitude increased gradually in the earlier stage and then decreased to near zero in the later. Furthermore, the regression coefficient tended to decrease with increased soil moisture. Satellite data analysis yielded similar results. These results imply the following conclusions for vegetation with the same NDVI: (1) in vital growth, the regression coefficient is negative and of a large magnitude, whereas it decreases as growth declines; (2) the regression coefficient is negative and small when there is much soil moisture, and large otherwise.

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This study discusses about the accuracy of green coverage amounts inside urbanized area detected by both interpretation and NDVI-based image classification of IKONOS satellite imageries. For this purpose, the detail green coverage type was interpreted using ortho-rectified aerial photographs. The accuracy assessment was performed for each green coverage type such as garden trees, roadside trees and park trees on the basis of the number and size of green patches. The study area is located on the urbanized area of Nada-ku, Kobe City where the ratio of vegetation cover attains to 17.4%.

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the changes of landscape from the Meiji-Taisho period to recent years based on watershed units. (1) The study watershed containing 4 main watersheds could be subdivided into 823 watershed units. (2) As land use data in the Meiji period (1910), 250m grid-cell data was created from 1/50,000 old edition topographic maps of Geographical Survey Institute. And, the recent land use data (1976) utilized 100m grid cell data of Digital National Land Information. (3) The ratio of land use area in 1910 and 1976 was measured on all watershed units by GIS overlay analysis. (4) Watershed units could be classified into 8 types using Cluster Analysis with land use area ratio. The changes of landscape in watershed units were analyzed through the spatial distribution of 8 types. (5) There was a relationship between each type and the environmental elements such as landform, geology, soil and vegetation.

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In order to understand the actual condition of the greening and planting by the residents on streets in a provincial city, the investigation was conducted in the Beppu old built-up residential area. The greening and planting site of a total of 251 samples was checked by investigation from a range of 200m x 500m. The greening and planting site had many small-scale things 2m or less, and the sum total of the length was calculated with approximately 722m. It formed about 19% of the road total extension. The potted plant by garden plants occupied most, and especially the vegetable species peculiar to Beppu City was not seen. And approximately 80 species of trees of a native species, horticulture and a cultivation one were recognized as the semi-permanent greening and planting site.

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This study aimed to propose the fire spreading simulation system, which can evaluate the effect of a small-scale green space to intercept the fire spread. In this simulation, the fire spreads through the shortest time course between the buildings. And if there were some trees between the buildings, it judged whether the trees intercept the fire spread. As a result of the simulation at Nagata-Ward, Kobe-City, the difference of the burned buildings area between the actual case and simulated case was just 2242m². The total burned buildings area of the actual case was 63055m². The simulation could reproduce actual fire spread generally. And the maximum difference of the burned buildings between the case it takes into consideration a small-scale green space and the case it does not was 4717m². By taking into consideration the small-scale green space, the accuracy of a simulation improved.

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This study aimed to clarify the change process of historic greenery at shrines and temples precincts in Osaka. The site changes from the Meiji to present of shrines and temples drawn in Meisho-Zue and their factors were evaluated, and the actual condition of green tract change and manager consciousness for greenery were evaluated through hearing survey. The results indicated that the site changes were affected by the law of Shintoism and Buddhism separation, the land readjustment, and war damage and so on. The results clarified that existing green tract were restored after suffering and the restoration of green tract was greatly contributed to the followings; the law system including the preservation tree/groves and the urban park, sights kind, site changes, the change of space use, and manager consciousness. Then, this study suggests that it is necessary to improve the legal protection system, to plant trees effectively, and to increase manager consciousness for inheritance of historic greenery.

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As the revised City Planning Act was enacted in May 2000, the revision concerning land-use master plans is that decision-making systems relating to coordination of land-use master plans become dependent on the local prefectural governments. This paper analyzed the land-use diversity of urban fringes spatially and extensively. We selected Osaka prefecture as a study area and digitized printed maps of land-use master plans and compiled them using GIS for the period from 1979 to 1996. Land-use changes and characteristics of land uses were analyzed in each area divided by distance from the boundary between urbanization promotion areas and urbanization control areas. This study reveals that developments during latter 80's resulted in disordered land-use distribution in urban fringes.

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This study takes as its object Lake Biwa's drainage basin, and its aim is to evaluate the land use controls analyzing the deviation between the control and actual land use from the viewpoint of the duplication situation of city planning area with agriculture promotion areas, taking into consideration the accessibility to traffic facilities and making use of GIS as a spatial analysis tool. The major findings of this study are as follows; 1) In the duplication areas of city planning area with "white zones" in agriculture promotion areas, the deviation between land use control and actual land use has advanced remarkably, especially in southeastern part of the region; 2) In city planning areas without duplication areas with agriculture promotion areas, serious land use problems have arisen because of the expansion of new urban areas in urbanization control areas, and the mixture of old and new urban areas in the "white" areas.

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Tax on protecting forest environment was charged in Kochi prefecture in 2003, which was new type of taxes on environment. The purpose of this new tax differs from the conventional one. It is our challenge that revealing the idea of this new tax by showing the process of this tax and making the most of the concept of social capital. In our text, first, we show both the concept of conventional tax charged by local government and concept related to social capital. Second, we introduce summary of this new tax and grasp its process. Finally, we tentatively evaluate this new tax from the point of investing in the social capital, then we will state the future of this new kind of taxes.

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The Growth Management Act (1990) required Washington communities to plan for their growth over the next twenty years. In response to this mandate, the Seattle city council adopted Seattle's Comprehensive Plan 1994. In 1985, the Transfer of Development Rights (TDRs) program was initiated as a part of Seattle's Downtown Plans. In 1998, King County adopted the new ordinance that allows transfers from rural portions of King County to incorporated cities within the County. In the Seattle downtowns, TDRs were applied to transfer the floor area ratio from sending areas such as small buildings and city properties as public parks, civic centers and public libraries. Open Space TDRs allow current and future sites retained or developed as open spaces to sell unused development capacity as TDRs to other downtown projects. City Property TDRs enable unused development capacity from city-owned properties within the Downtown Urban Center to be available for sale as TDRs. Historic Building TDRs create a TDR for historic buildings that allows the inherent, functional space inefficiencies of renovated, designated historic structures to be transferred as TDRs to offer downtown sites as a multiplied value.

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The Quality of Life (QOL) study gradually has been increasing in various fields recently. We think that the environmental policy finally must aim at the improvement of people's QOL by improving the environment. However, there is a little QOL study in environmental field. Therefore, very few attempts have been made at following question in our country; how will the environmental satisfaction in environmental policy and its related areas improve QOL of an individual and a group of people? This paper attempted to develop the quantitative method to the question. WHOQOL26 index, which is one of the future global standard candidates, was applied in this study. We examined a simple weight method to the index. After reliability and validity of the improved index were verified, a technical application to environmental problems was shown, and the merits were considered.

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In Kuromatsunai town with which 61.4% of the sample being returning visitors, the degree of the visitors' total satisfaction with the outdoor experience-type recreational programs effects their wish to return. Factors such as nature and accessibility influence the degree of total satisfaction as the instrumental function, and factors that complement the nature experience influence as the expressive function. In order to keep the high rate of repeat visits, Kuromatsunai town needs to maintain the degree of satisfaction with the instrumental function, and to modify the existing functions and provide new services that would contribute to the increase in the degree of satisfaction with the expressive function. As the visitors who wish to return tend to hold new expectation, to strengthen the function to increase the knowledge of nature will raise the degree of satisfaction of those visitors, and will lead to even higher rate of repeat visits.

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Due to rapid growth in the elderly population rise in the welfare institutions can be predicted. This also demands special initiatives to stop bedridden elderly people. Accordingly, this study aims to select most convenient location for residential welfare institutions by summarizing the evaluation points expressed by the residents of welfare institutions from the viewpoint of usefulness in the survey questionnaire. Then used the data obtained above in GIS to select the most convenient location for the residential welfare institutions. The results of the study indicated that, for ensuring comfortable stay of the residents, favorable conditions should be gathered both inside and around the welfare institutions. This area demands more attention of the concerned community.

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In recent years, the countermeasure to maintain and improve the living environment around a large scale store is hurried. In order to correspond to partnership by residents, managers and executive agencies, it is necessary to recognize a mutual consciousness difference. This research conducts the opinion by residents and managers about the necessity and correspondence to the production of a standard for environmental maintenance and improvement. Consequently, (1) the height of the concern about environment and the positive intention to the production of a standard are checked. (2) by statistical test and analysis, consciousness characteristics and recognition of consciousness difference between residents and managers are clarified. In addition, fundamental information for the production of a standard are shown.

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In enforcement of an environmental policy, local governments came to be expected not only dealing with familiar environmental problems but with global environment problems. And they have one of the important keys of an environmental improvement of the whole country. Then, paying attention to Basic Environment Plans of a local government, the setting situations and actual result grasp situations of environmental targets described by the plan were investigated. Consequently, it turns out that there is comparatively little actual result grasp in a small-scale local governments and about global environment problems. Now target management is gradually improving, and from now some mechanisms are necessary that let persons in charge of environment policy receive information for target management, at the same time some information centers that promote exchange of practice and know-how are needed.

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Erosion and vegetation damages along mountain trails, and repairs as the counter measure sometimes have been regarded as inadequacy in natural environment and landscape. In this study, an ameliorative strategy was instituted based on the pigeonhole of the problems about the proposal from the Ministry of the Environment with a principal point of the planning and conceptual level. Logical rationality of the proposal was lacked in the following points. These were countermeasure coping with factors of damage, standards of the maintenance, technique of classifying trails and basic framework of the maintenance of the trails. I institute a remedy that objective conditions of an area can be set through the process of clarifing relationship between standards for conservation and improvement. Area of impact can be base of grading mountain trails. Intensity of impact and process of collapsing natural condition can prescribe applicable engineering methods.

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The techniques which extract the snow coverage of the mountains from the live camera pictures of Mt.Norikura were examined. All pictures were converted into two-color bitmaps composed of black and white pixels with threshold value. White pixels represent the snow coverage, and the number of snow coverage pixels were counted every picture. When change of the number of snow coverage pixels was inquired using weather data and the accumulated air temperature, the number of snow coverage pixels became clear expressing change of the snow coverage of the mountains well.

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A case study on estimating the CO₂ reduced by newly planting and effective use of pruning waste was practiced at Toshima Ward in Tokyo metropolitan area. As the result, there were additional planting spaces for a hundred and eighty thousand trees, when the all trees were planted in five years, it was expects that 988t-CO₂ was fixed at the fifth year. An amount of the pruning waste was estimated 22t-dry/year, it was expects that 16t-CO₂ was reduced by making charcoal. The roof top planting contributed mostly to the CO₂ fixation. In order to estimate the CO₂ reduction of various planting means correctly and to reflect in greening policy, it was important to prepare the geographic data on distribution of buildings and vegetation. And then a method indicating computational error was a problem to be solved.

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In order to evaluate the effect of increasing urban albedo on urban thermal mitigation, we measured the changes of surface temperature and heat budget due to high-albedo painting. The observations were made with the concrete blocks settled on the grounds in an area of 3m square. We coated high-albedo paints to these concrete blocks and measured surface temperature, downward shortwave and longwave radiations, air temperature, and wind speed. We also measured albedos and emissivities of each paint and bare concrete surface. The observation result showed that the daytime surface temperature of white-painted blocks was more than 10 °C lower than that of bare concrete. Additionally, the analytic results of surface heat budget showed that the downward sensible heat flux from air to white-painted blocks appeared in the daytime.

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In this paper, we show the results of micro-climatological observations performed in large park "Shinjyuku Gyoen" during summer. According to the eddy correlation measurement, latent heat flux at the lawn surface was about 2/3 of net radiation in mid-day, and evaporation efficiency was estimated about 0.4 through the observation period. The air temperature difference between under tree crown and outside sunny place is less than 1 degree even in mid-day. Therefore, the thermal comfort under the tree is mainly due to the difference of radiation environment.

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In this study, we discussed relations between surface temperature and 12 factors of urban green spaces. We analyzed Landsat TM and ETM+ data taken in the daytime in summer and the area of about 33.6km square in Tokyo was chosen as an analyzed area. Analysis of the relation of surface temperature and factors of green spaces were undertaken by regression analysis of each factors and combination of principle component analysis and multiple regressions. As a result, 12 factors showed the influence to the surface temperature, especially the continuity of green spaces.

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In this study, we attempt to construct a environmental load information management system of industrial machines, especially pump system, by using special IC tag. First, we developed a special IC tag system, which records product specific information and corrects and accumulates the machine's operating information. Second, we developed a software for monitoring the pump based on the information collected by the special IC tag, that we call "Operating Information Management System", and a tool for supporting the disassembling and remanufacturing process of used machines by showing its disassembling flow and 3D animation, that we call "3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) Information Management System". In addition, we developed a trial Environment-friendly General-purpose Pump that can realize the reduction of environmental load throughout the life cycle.

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Approximately one-billion tons of material is accumulated as structure or infrastructure every year. Construction materials are stocked as structures for a while, but as the structure age, they cause new out-flow. In order to apply detailed R-MFA (Regional Material Flow Analysis) to a city construction sector, material input intensity data and durability years of structures are needed. In the present study, material input intensity and durability years of structures are estimated, and it make possible to analyze with GIS. Material input intensity is divided by the type of structure, kinds of materials. And we apply these results to a case study city (Kitakyushu City), direct material input related construction sector is 85 tons per capita in 2000.

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In economic evaluation of recreation site, research of parametric Travel Cost Method (TCM) has been progressed. However, parametric models in TCM are difficult to treat for people other than specialists, and these models generally include difficulties regarding to the model specification. Then, in this paper, to evaluate environmental quality improvement on a recreation site, we try to practice conventional TCM using Poisson regression model and nonparametric TCM, which adapts PAVA introduced by Härdle (1990), and compare both results. From this, we examine the internal validity of parametric model and the possibility in practice of nonparametric model.

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In economic evaluation of recreation value, research of parametric Travel Cost Method (TCM) has progressed. However, parametric TCM is difficult for people other than specialists to treat, and parametric model generally includes problems respect to the internal validity. Then, in this paper, to evaluate environmental quality improvement on a recreation site, we try to practice conventional TCM using Poisson regression model and nonparametric-TCM-which adapts PAVA introduced by Härdle (1990)-, and compare these results. From this, we examine the internal validity of parametric model and the possibility in practice of nonparametric model.

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We analyze the learning behavior of the players in the commons game by computer simulation. Learning and adaptation are incorporated into the program of the player with a learning algorithm . We modify the algorithm to fit more closely to the game structure, so that the searching power improves. We also discuss to extend the learning structure.

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