The aim of this paper is to explain the forming process of sentence-final particle LIAO (_??_i. e. LE
2 in Modern Mandarin) through comparison among four collequial Chinese texts
Laoqida (_??_) in Lichao period Korea:
Guben Laoqida (_??_abbr.
G) in 14th century;
Fanyi Laoqida (_??_abbr.
F) in 16th century;
Laoqida Xinshi (_??_abbr.
X) and
Chongkan Laoqida (_??_abbr.
C) in 18th century. In text
G, sentence-final particle YE (_??_) has two functions: (1) to mark a judgmental statement; (2) to mark a change of state. The latter is subdivided into two: (2a) a state that has been changed in the past or the present; (2b) a state that will be changed in the near future. In text
F, YE (1) is deleted or continued, YE (2a) is revised to LIAO or continued, and YE (2b) is continued. In texts
X and
C, YE (1) is completely deleted, YE (2a) is completely revised to LIAO, and YE (2b) is also revised to LIAO. This decline of YE and rise of LIAO in 14-18th century mean that the forming process of LE
2 has at least two stages: the first LIAO took the place of YE (2a), and the second LIAO took the place of YE (2b); and the appearance of LE
2 is a result of meaning and functional expansion of perfective aspect marker LIAO (i. e. LE
1 in Modern Mandarin), because this word change started from an area of meaning between YE and LIAO.
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