The objective of this paper is to identify factors that affect the intention and behavior of nurses in initial response to radiation accidents/disasters. A questionnaire survey was conducted with nurses working at disaster base hospitals or nuclear emergency core hospitals and nuclear emergency medical cooperation institutions（ nuclear hospitals）. A significant effect of intention on behavior was observed in both groups. In addition, the determinant factor of nurses for their intention in radiation/nuclear disasters was their disposition towards their expertise, followed by their practical knowledge. However, there was no significant effect of cooperative framework on intention or behavior. Determinants for behavior were intention and expectations from others in both groups. In the disaster base hospital group, on the other hand, uneasiness to radiation exposure affected their intention, and practical knowledge influenced intension and behavior. In contrast, uneasiness to radiation exposure did not affect intention or behavior, and behavior was not affected by practical knowledge in the group from nuclear hospitals. Thus, our results suggest that there are factors affecting intention and behavior which could or could not be overcome by education/ training. Measures for a nurse to work with pride as an expert in this field and with social standing are also required for smooth nursing care in radiation emergencies.

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Mesenchymal stem cells（ MSCs） from white adipose tissue（ WAT） have a higher osteogenic differentiation potential than those from brown adipose tissue （BAT）. The purpose of this study was to compare the neuronal differentiation potentials of these cells. In addition, to examine the applicability of these cells for autologous neuronal regeneration, the mouse hind limbs were assessed for neurological function after adipose tissue was harvested from the inguinal and interscapular regions. Adipose-MSCs were isolated from WAT of the inguinal subcutaneous regions and BAT of the interscapular regions in 6-week-old female C57BL/6J mice. The expression of cell-surface markers on the adipose-MSCs was examined by flowcytometry. The markers examined were CD90, Sca1, CD34, and CD45. Neuronal differentiation was assessed by immunocytochemistry using NeuN as a mature neuron marker. MSCs derived from WAT and BAT displayed similar immunophenotypes. Both cell populations differentiated into NeuNpositive cells（ 16.2% ± 1.0% of the WAT-MSCs and 14.7% ± 2.4% of the BAT-MSCs） in vitro. Harvesting the adipose tissue did not affect the neurological properties of the hind limbs. These findings indicate that both WAT-MSCs and BAT-MSCs may be attractive cells for autologous neuronal regeneration.

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Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of total arch repair in patients with type I aortic dissection.
Methods: A total of 117 patients who underwent total arch repair over a period of 27 years were enrolled and divided into two groups: 75 patients who underwent total arch replacement （TAR） and 42 who underwent total arch repair using the frozen elephant trunk（ FET） technique. Univariate and multivariate analyses of outcomes were performed between the two groups.
Results: There was no significant difference in permanent cerebral dysfunction （5.3% vs. 9.5%） and temporary cerebral dysfunction （4.0% vs. 2.4%） between the TAR group and FET group. The 30-day and in-hospital mortality of TAR group vs. FET group were 6.7% vs. 0% （P=0.158） and 10.7% vs. 0% （P=0.049）, respectively. The overall survival was significantly higher in the FET group（ log rank P=0.034）. The long-term survival and aortic event free survival rates were not significantly different between the two groups. The independent risk factors for hospital mortality were age（ P=0.046）, preoperative hemodialysis（ P=0.003）, malperfusion of the carotid artery（ P=0.032）, and mediastinitis（ P=0.017）.
Conclusions: Total arch repair in patients with type I aortic dissection using FET was beneficial by reducing the inhospital mortality and improving long-term survival rate.

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Phlorizin, one of the major apple polyphenols that are highly contained in the peel, shows anticancer effect and lowers the blood sugar level. Indeed, a renal targeted derivative of phlorizin is the latest anti-hyperglycemic drug in clinical settings. However, pesticides used may cause harm when whole apple fruits were consumed. While it was the commonly held belief that apples can't be grown without pesticides, there is an orchard cultivating apples with no pesticides nor fertilizers in Tsugaru district in Japan. Here we compared Phlorizin content by mass spectrometry in the peel of Fuji apples for five months between those grown with a natural cultivation method that employs neither fertilizers nor pesticides, and a method with no chemical fertilizers and reduced pesticide use. Results showed that the phlorizin content of the fruits grown with the former method was significantly larger than that with the latter one for all periods tested. The natural cultivation is a promising method that assures safe intake of polyphenols in not only flesh but also peels.

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Among several oral bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola which are assumed to cause invasive periodontal disease are called Red complex. It is known that these bacteria influence oral health and enhance a risk of systemic diseases. A lot of attention has been paid to the influence of these bacteria on human health along with the intestinal microflora. In the present study, we focused on the periodontal disease-related pathogens especially the Red complex which were isolated from tongue coating, and their epidemiological relationship to the oral environment was investigated. By the next-generation sequencing analysis, 43 bacterial genera from 1,063 Hirosaki city’s residents were detected. Thirteen bacterial genera which are likely to affect the periodontal disease were selected and their relationship to the oral environment was examined. Moreover, the factors affecting to the Red complex was investigated by the multiple regression analysis. The factors which affect the Red complex are the presence of periodontal disease（ P=0.000002）, age（ P=0.00008）, numbers of caries tooth（ P=0.0002） and smoking （P=0.008）. These results demonstrated that the Red complex exists not only in periodontal pocket but also in tongue coating and it is related to the oral environment.

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Orexin （hypocretin） is a neuropeptide secreted by hypothalamic neurons that is activated during motivating behaviors and active waking. Our knowledge of orexin is mainly limited to mammalian species, such as humans, mice, and rats. In the present study, we cloned orexin and its receptor from the medaka brain. Additionally, we analyzed the effect of an orexin inhibitor （SB-649868） on spontaneous behavior. The orexin inhibitor decreased spontaneous movement of the fish, suggesting the importance of the orexin system in spontaneous movement. Our results indicate that medaka might be a suitable animal model for neurological behavioral studies.

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The aims of study are to develop a trial neural network system for automated classification of colorectal neoplasms by using autofluorescence imaging（ AFI）, and to evaluate system performance.
　 By using autofluorescence imaging（ AFI）, comparative study on autofluorescence intensity that was quantified as interval to submucosa（ iTS） among colonic tumors and its surrounding normal mucosa were conducted. In addition, neural network system for automated tumor classification was developed by attributes including the basic statistical amount of iTS, tumor location or morphological type. A total of 126 AFI images （low grade adenoma71, high grade adenoma20, mucosal cancer25, sessile serrated adenoma/polyp10） were studied. All the lesions had significantly higher iTS than its surrounding normal mucosa. Mucosal cancer presented with higher iTS when comparing with sessile serrated adenoma/polyp. No significant difference in iTS was demonstrated among other lesions. Accuracy of the trained neural network system evaluated by stratified 2-fold cross-validation was found to be 80.2%. For clinical use in automated tumor classification, further generalization of the system performance must be required.

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The prediction of the severity of Rhesus E induced-hemolytic anemia is difficult due to low incidence, although ultrasound monitoring of middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity （MCA-PSV） is useful. We report a case of moderate Rhesus E associated hemolytic disease of newborn even with indicating a high level of MCAPSV suggesting severe anemia. A 37-year-old multipara woman suspected with severe fetal anemia at 35 weeks of gestation by ultrasound monitoring. However, the fetus showed no findings of hydrops fetalis. A female neonate was born at 38 weeks of gestation by transvaginal delivery without asphyxia. The neonate developed moderate hemolytic disease that was treated with phototherapy, a single dose of human intravenous immunoglobulin and four times of red blood cell transfusions. Exchange transfusion was not needed for treatment. The anti-E antibody of the baby was serially detected which became negative at 6 months of age. A comprehensive evaluation of the fetus for prediction of severity and careful observation for at least six months are crucial in the management of Rhesus E associated hemolytic disease, considering the limitation of ultrasound monitoring of MCA-PSV.

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Post-varicella angiopathy （PVA） is the leading cause of pediatric arterial ischemic cerebral infarction. However, PVA is considered to be underdiagnosed because of the lack of both sensitive diagnostic procedures and criteria. We, herein, report a case of PVA-associated arterial ischemic stroke diagnosed by MRA. A previously healthy 5-year-old Japanese boy was admitted to our hospital with right facial nerve palsy and right hemiparesis, a transient symptom of ischemic stroke, one month after recovery from chickenpox. The neurological symptoms recovered completely by conservative therapy. In addition to clinical history, cerebral artery stenosis detected by magnetic resonance angiography（ MRA） in the recovery phase enabled us to diagnose him with PVA-induced stroke despite no detection of varicella-zoster virus DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid. Thus, MRA findings in the convalescent period are useful in the clinical diagnosis of pediatric PVA-induced stroke.

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Mediastinitis is the most common complication after cardiac surgery, which always induces large damages to patients. A 67-year-old man with acute aortic dissection underwent total aortic replacement 4 years ago. He was introduced to our department again because he had chest wound pain and local swelling. Enhanced CT showed that there was abscess formation with bone encroachment, but malignant tumor could not be excluded. We considered it as mediastinitis firstly, and intended to open wound and resection abscess for antibiotic treatment. However, we found that there were lot of swelling lymphatic nodes near to the aorta on enhanced CT reconfirmed. Definite diagnosis was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by biopsy.

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