The purpose of this study was to examine how social relationships affect the recognition of preventive services for long-term frailty in community-dwelling older adults. The participants of this study were 3,058 older adults who lived in Ayase City, Kanagawa Prefecture. We collected information on the participants’ basic attributes, risk factors for long-term frailty, social relationships such as social participation, social support, and social capital, and the recognition of seven preventive services for long-term frailty in Ayase City, using a mailed questionnaire. The number of responses was 1,899. The results from 1,798 older adults (average age 75.14 years, range 6.18; 46.5% males), with the exception of long-term care certification, showed the rate of recognition of one or more preventive services for long-term frailty among participants was 39.8%. A logistic regression analysis revealed that social participation in neighborhood councils, senior citizen clubs, hobby groups, volunteer groups, and social capital as the norms of reciprocity and ongoing contact with neighbors was significantly associated with the recognition of preventive services for long-term frailty, even after controlling for socioeconomic status and several risk factors for long-term frailty. Neighborhood councils play an administrative role in assisting in communicating information on various health-care services for community-dwelling people. Senior citizen clubs are community-based organizations, and long-term frailty prevention in older adults is an important activity. Hobby groups are groups with a cohesive network in which people with a common hobby come together. Members of volunteer groups generally tend to be interested in social contribution and social welfare activities. In other words, these social activities have a common characteristic in that members are aware of issues related to themselves in their communities. The recognition of preventive services for long-term frailty is promoted by incorporating human resources that share health information in neighborhoods with social cohesion.

Purpose: Firefighters often encounter devastating and horrific scenes at disaster sites in their emergency services including firefighting, rescuing and first-aids on a daily basis; hence, substantial attention has been paid to coping strategies for critical incident stress. The purpose of this study was, focusing on the relationship with family, to recognize the actual situations and coping behaviors for critical incident stress as well as social support, and to clarify the challenges and reactions in those management strategies.

Methods: Among the emergency callouts at A Firefighting Department in 2015, cases of deaths and serious injuries that included multiple “important stressors for emergency crews” were extracted: And 38 emergency crews who engaged in those cases were included in this study. A psychological impact survey, coping survey and semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the necessary data were collected.

Results: A certain level of acute stress reaction was observed in 24 participants, 63.2% of the emergency crews involved in this analysis. As a coping behavior, 12 participants (31.6%) chose “conversation with their family members”, and 34 participants (89.5%) chose “conversation with colleagues”. In regards to social support, 37 participants (97.4%) perceived support and positively rated each support. The survey revealed that there were restraining factors such as confidentiality and psychological considerations in family conversations.

Conclusion: This study clarified the actual situation of critical incident stress in daily emergency activities, tendencies and challenges in coping behaviors focusing on the relationship with family members, the importance of social support, etc. In particular, addressing for restraining factors in family conversations and the use of social support is important in promoting critical incident stress management.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the learning of volunteer staff who worked in a family caregiver association’s dementia cafe and considerations for its effectiveness and continued operation.

Methods: Ten volunteer staff members participated in the study, and data were collected through group interviews conducted at four time points: at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after the dementia cafe was opened. The categories and subcategories utilized in this study were extracted from the codes in the group interviews.

Results: Categories extracted from codes at each point were as follows: At 1 month:【Adjustment of managerial approach】and【Learning to improve communication】; at 3 months:【Understanding cafe structure】, 【Strengths of the dementia cafe】, and【Dementia cafe’s role in the community】; at 6 months:【Sense of stability for the dementia cafe’s management】, 【Dementia cafe’s effectiveness】, 【Face-to-face relationship】; at 12 months:【changes in persons with dementia, caregivers, and the cafe staff】.

Conclusion: The results indicated the following four findings: ① Within the first months, effective management of the cafe was of greater concern than learning-related aspects. ② The dementia cafe’s role in the community was to listen to caregivers’ thoughts and concerns, and to give advice based on volunteer’s caregiving experiences. ③ The main learning of volunteer staff was in understanding the significance of the dementia cafe and its purpose. ④ For effective and continued operation, a safe place for persons with dementia and their caregivers should be provided.