This study clarified a relationship between the type of nursery care (day vs. night) and child development/adaptation to nursery. The subjects were children and caregivers who used child day care or child night care in nursery. Caregivers asked to fill the questionnaire on raring environment, self-efficacy and support for child raring. Child care professionals asked to evaluate development and adaptation to nursery for each child. 1,949 caregivers and 2,905 children were analyzed by discriminant analysis. The results were as follows ; 1) Motor development was significantly related to health status, not slapping, and support for child raring. 2) Intelligence development was significantly related to sing songs together, and length of playing with child. 3) Language development was significantly related to self-efficacy for child raring. 4) Social development was significantly related to self-efficacy for child raring, and sing songs together. 5) Adaptation to nursery was significantly related to support for child raring, and sing songs together. These results indicated that not the type of nursery care (day or night), but the child raring environment, caregiver's self-efficacy and support for child raring were strongly related to child development and adaptation to nursery. Further research must be done to promote evidence-based services for more effective and high quality child night care.

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For the purpose of planning "how to support child care by father", a survey was carried out against 777 fathers who are employees mainly in Metropolitan area, using a questionnaire. The results are as follows : (1) Generally speaking, fathers in young generation (24〜39 years old) have strong attachment for wives and children, and warm relation with family. But they are tired and no time for relaxation with family, because of busy business. They are wanting financial support for child care and vacation or time to spare. (2) Fathers in elder generation (40〜65 years old) have lower level of attachment for wives and children in proportion to their age. They realize that they donot play the enough role as father, because of their business. They are expecting more good education system for their children. (3) Fathers who are working in sales department are work hard as the forefront of their company, and on the other hand, they have strong attachment on their family and children as the head of the family. According to the results of our survey, the necessity of following supports for child care by fathers has been cleared. (a) financial support for child care, especially for young children, (b) working style that the bussiness man will be able to have time to spare, (c) official commendation to the companies which support well the child care for employees is necessary, financially and creditably.

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Recognition and attitudes for prenatal diagnosis investigated by questionnaire on 1,130 Japanese common people aged 20 years and over, including college students. Data on the degree of recognition on the word "prenatal diagnosis" and thier attitude for its ethical aspects were obtained from 596 subjects (52.7%). We examined differences in the recognition and attitude according to sex (male and female), age group (20s, 30s, 40s and over), marital status (married and single) and parentfood (parent and childless). The results are follows : (1) 60% or more of the subjects knew the word "prenatal diagnosis", but their knowledge was uncertain. (2) Accordig to univariate analyses female, older, married or parent subjects were more concerned about the prenatal diagnosis than the other categories. (3) Many of the women answered to deside by themselves whether or not they would take the prenatal diagnosis, but they whould consult someone else if their fetus should be diagnosed as abnomal. (4) Many of the men answered to support the decisions of their spouse on whether to take the prenatal diagnosis as well as on whether to deliver the baby if the result of the diagnosis was abnormal. (5) The young single women tended to have supportive attitude for the prenatal diagnosis although they knew little about its implications. (6) However, the more the subjects knew about the prenatal diagnosis, the more they had supportive attitude for it. (7) The information source from which the subjects obtained on the prenatal diagnosis was the mass media, such as the television and the newspaper. However, the young women in their twenties seldom obtained the information from the newspaper.

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This study clarified the requirements for improving child night care in nursery. 6 principals and 12 professionals (chief class) working in night care nursery were interviewed by focus group methods to obtain information for improving night care. The results were as follows ; The requirements from principals were, 1) reconstructing social system suitable and supportive for child rearing, 2) promoting support for parents, 3) producing effective services for various care requirements, 4) establishing enough night care for pupils, 5) improving adequacy and appropriateness for professionals working in night care. Other requirements from professionals were, 1) importance to keep circadian rhythm for children using night care, 2) preparing suitable environment for night care, 3) promoting family style care by setting small mixed - age classes, 4) ensuring adequate working conditions for professionals in night care. Further research must be done to promote effective night care in nursery.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the requirements to improve urgent child accommo date care by evaluating actual conditions at night care nursery. 32 caregivers who used child accommodate care were interviewed, representatives of 13 nursery performed accommodate care were asked to answer questionnaire, and 8 staffs were asked to attend a focus group interview. The results showed eight requirements to improve urgent child accommod ate care in nursery as follows ; 1) improvement of quality of care, 2) establishment of suitable environment for accommodate care, 3) support for caregivers to have chance to get better job, 4) expanding adequacy and appropriateness for care professionals, 5) exchanging care information among nurseries, 7) expanding availability for all children, 8) promoting social awareness to support for child caring. Further research must be done to establish more effective services for urgent child accom modate care in nursery.

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In order to obtain basic data that would be useful in planning postgraduate courses at colleges specializing in health and welfare, surveys were conducted on 1) the intentions of undergraduate students to proceed to graduate school, 2) the intentions of working people to enrol in postgraduate courses related to health and welfare, and 3) the intentions of directors of hospitals and other medical-related institutions to hire students completing postgraduate studies at colleges specializing in health and welfare. The subjects selected for the survey were 380 undergraduate students of colleges specializing in health and welfare, 936 working people, and 288 directors of hospitals and other medicalrelated institutions. Questionnaires were sent and returned by post. The subjects did not write their names on the questionnaires. The results showed that there is not so much interest in enrolling in postgraduate courses if admission is restricted to only undergraduate students of the same college, but interest in enrolment in postgraduate courses increases if admission to the graduate school is also open to working people. Moreover, most directors of hospitals and other medical-related institutions do not currently consider giving preference to the hiring of students completing postgraduate studies at colleges specializing in health and welfare. The results indicate the need to establish an educational environment that promotes the acceptance (into postgraduate courses) of not only undergraduate students but also working people.

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