Japanese statistics reveal that the age with highest number of pedestrian casualties per 100,000 population is 7-year-old children who are of an age of just before/after entering primary school. This study investigated parents' perceptions of their 7-year-olds'understanding of road safety. Eight hundred and sixty five parents with children between the ages of 3 to 10 completed an online questionnaire about their children's knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of road safety. For parents with children aged 5 years and over, the results showed no difference in the perceptions of their children's understanding of pedestrian signals and crosswalks. On the other hand, while parents tended to gradually perceive that their children understood priority, the law, and road crossing behavior, this perception declined among parents with 7-year-old children. The findings of this study will be valuable for promoting road safety education and supervision for 7-year-old children to prevent them from having road accidents.

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In the ALKS regulations (UNR157), a Preventable boundary is proposed and 'mitigation is the only option' in the Reasonably F oreseeable and Unpreventable area s . However, no specific methods or criteria for such mitigation have been proposed to date . In this study, the CARLA Auto Pilot system was used as an evaluation vehicle for automated vehicles, and the P reventable boundary was reproduced. In order to examine the mitigation of occupant injuries in the event of an accident, a crash simulation using LS DYNA was conducted, and specific indicators of mitigation were examined.

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