High speed phonocardiography (Caniggia, Bertelli, Lodone) was employed to analyse objectively and in detail the vibrations of heart sounds and murmurs.
In this article the following murmurs were studied: 3 musical diastolic murmurs of aortic insufficiency; 5 musical mitral systolic murmurs of mitral insufficiency ; 1 musical mitral systolic murmur in aortic insufficiency ; 1 musical telesystolic murmur auscultated at a certain distance from the thorax.
The main characteristic of musical murmurs is the perfectly sinusoidal shape of the vibrations which compose them.
The frequency of musical aortic diastolic murmurs is about 300 c.p.s. ; the frequency of musical mitral systolic murmurs is about 150 c.p.s.

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(1) A new radiologicol method of arteriography for visualization of the bronchial artery applying the occlusion of the descending thoracic aorta is described.
(2) In order to investigate the safety limit of the occlusion of the descending aorta, 9 dogs were clamped of their aorta at the level lower than that of the left subclavian artery and relationship between occluded duration and the complications thereby occurred was followed up. As a result of this experiment, the safety time limit of occlusion is within 20 minutes.
(3) The changes of the hemodynamics, especially that of the proximal aortic pressure in the course of occlusion in the dogs and human beings were studied.
(4) For the purpose of preventing anticipated accidents certain contraindications were set up.
(5) The images of the bronchial arteries in normal dogs and those in cases with the bronchiectasis and pulmonary tuberculosis were demonstrated.

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Blood pressures of 2, 221 Japanese rural individuals in Chiyoda over 30 years of age were studied.
Mean systolic pressure increased with their age and means of diastolic pressure increased up to a certain age and then remained constant or decreased.
The level of mean blood pressure of Chiyoda residents is between that of American white working people and those of American negro population.
Hypertension was highly prevalent in Chiyoda. Blood prersures increased with increasing weight.
The results were compared with those of 586 persons in Tokyo.

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Comparing the atrial muscle and the ventricular muscle, the basic carbohydrate metabolism by the rabbit heart muscle was studied using the technique of the radioactive isotope tracer. In addition, the diaphragm was chosen as a control. The substrates used in the present experiments were glucose-U-C¹⁴, glucose-1-C¹⁴ and glucose-6-C¹⁴
(1) The oxygen consumption of the atrial muscle was nearly twice that of the ventricular muscle, and approximately 3 times that of the diaphragm. But there were no significant differences between the right side and the left side of the heart. These results agreed with other workers'.
(2) C¹⁴O₂ converted from glucose-U-C¹⁴ was, on the whole, in the same relation as the oxygen consumption.
(3) The oxidative pentose pathway estimated by the ratio of C¹⁴O₂ for carbon-1 to that for carbon-6 was found in the ventricular muscles in a fairly high amount, but none in the atrial muscle. In addition, the oxidative pentose pathway was also found in the diaphragm in the same percentage as that of the ventricular muscle.
(4) The role of the oxidative pentose pathway of the heart muscle was discussed in brief, comparing it with other tissue.

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(1) Extracts of aortas were shown to contain material with the immunological properties consistent with those of fibrin. Fibrin was frequently found in plaque-free aorta. The impression was obtained that this fibrin was present in greater concentration in severely sclerotic aortas than in mildly sclerotic or uninvolved ones.
(2) It was demonstrated in vitro that plasma fibrinogen entered the aorta in increasing quantities with the rise in pressure.
(3) Human fibrinogen formed an insoluble complex with mucopolysaccharides extracted from human aortas.
(4) The data obtained by us suggest that infiltration of plasma fibrinogen as well as depositon and incorporation can be responsible for the presence of fibrin within the aorta.

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(1) Hepatic and portal venous blood flows were measured by a electromagnetic flowmeter in dogs for studying the effects of epinephrine and nor-epinephrine and of the greater splanchnic nerve stimulation on the hepatic and portal circulation.
(2) Epinephrine and nor-epinephrine administered into the portal vein or hepatic artery caused a decrease in hepatic venous blood flow in spite of a slight increase in arterial pressure, indicating that these catecholamines had vasoconstrictor effects on the hepatic circulation. It was shown that the effects were somewhat greater when they were administered into the hepatic artery than when administered into the portal vein.
(3) Administration of epinephrine or nor-epinephrine into the femoral or portal vein caused a decrease in portal venous blood flow associated with an increase in mesenteric vascular resistance (MR) and portal venous vascular resistance of hepatic side (HR). Administration into the femoral vein was followed by a more marked increased of MR than that of HR, however, administration into the portal vein caused a more marked increase of HR than that of MR. These observations suggested that the mechanisms of the decrease in portal venous blood flow by epinephrine and norepinephrine were different according to the route of their administration.
(4) The greater splanchnic nerve stimulation caused an arterial pressure rise of diphasic pattern. The first peak of arterial pressure was consistently accompanied by an increase of hepatic venous blood flow and pressure, and the second peak was accompanied by a decrease of hepatic venous blood flow and pressure.
(5) By the stimulation of the greater splanchnic nerve portal venous blood flow was increased initially in some cases and decreased subsequently in accordance with the second peak of arterial pressure in all cases. MR and HR were markedly increased with the decrease of portal venous flow, and the changes in MR were greater than those in HR. Therefore, the mechanism of the decrease in portal venous blood flow induced by the stimulation of the greater splanchnic nerve is considered to be reflected by the changes in the mesenteric blood vessels and to be similar to that induced by the administration of epinephrine or nor-epinephrine into the femoral vein.

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In 134 rabbits specimens of the aorta were sampled in situ at several time-intervals after the one-shot treatment of animals with several doses of adrenaline, of noradrenaline, of cholesterol or of soybean oil and were observed under the light and electron microscope comparing with the specimens of untreated animals or of animals treated by physiological saline.
Small doses of adrenaline (0.1 and 1.0μg. per Kg. i.v.) or cholesterol (1.0 and 3.0Gm. per Kg. p.o.) induced an edematous reaction of the aortic wall, while large doses of adrenaline (10.0 and 100.0μg per Kg. i.v.), noradrenaline (0.1, 1.0, 10.0, and 100.0μg per Kg. i.v.) and soybean oil (5Gm. per Kg. p.o.) did not. The edematous reaction consisted of an enlargement of amorphous extracellular spaces in the subendothelial and medial layers accompanied by a fractionation of elastic fibres along their collagen filaments and a dissociation of collagen fibrils. A sticking of platelets and leucoytes as well as of flake and strand-like substances to the endothelial surface was often encountered.
In the case of adrenaline the edematous changes started 5 minutes after the challenge, increased for 30 to 60 minutes and recovered within 2 hours. In the case of cholesterol they started 30 minutes after the challenge, became marked at 1 to 2 hours and disappeared 4 to 6 hours thereafter. The reaction seemed to start from the outer portion of the media and to progress into the inner portion of the media and into the sub-endothelial layer. The recovery took place first in the outer portion of the media, and it was delayed in the inner portion of the medial and subendothelial layer. There was no evidence indicating the increased uptake of plasma) fluid directly from the vessel lumen.
The edematous changes produced by adrenaline as well as by cholesterol were minimal or absent in animals pretreated with 5mg. per Kg. of nialamide.

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(1) According to the survey of 379 patients who received treatment with antihypertensive drugs for more than one year, considerable effect of lowering blood pressure was observed in general with the improvement of subjective symptoms. There were also improvements in the objective signs in some cases.
(2) In advanced hypertensive cases (systolic pressure over 220mm.Hg and diastolic pressure over 120mm.Hg) the occurrence of crebral vascular accidents were higher than in hypertensive cases with lower blood pressure in spite of the fact that they were under treatment with hypertensive drugs.
(3) In order to know the present situation of the treatment with antihypertensive drugs, the type of drug used, the average amount used per person per year and the average amount of usage per person per day in the summer and winter season were studied.

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In a 34-year-old man with carcinoma of the liver, adenomatous metaplastic changes of the parietal portion of Bowman's capsule were observed. From the fact that this case as well as the previously reported 4 cases were associated with carcinoma with liver damage, carcinoma or liver disease may be considered to concern with the pathogenesis of such a lesion.

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