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Shogen ISOYAMA, Nobuhiko ITO, Masashi KOMATSU, Yuko NITTA, Koji ABE, M ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
403-418
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: December 09, 2008
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In aged individuals the incidence of heart failure is higher than in younger subjects. Ischemic events are also common in the aged heart because of changes in the coronary vasculature and myocytes caused by aging. Adapta-tional responses to increased hemodynamic overload and to ischemia in the aged heart are discussed at the molecular, cellular and organ levels. One char-acteristic of the aged heart is a limited capacity for adaptation with hypertrophy to increased mechanical load. This age-related attenuation of the hypertrophic response may be attributed to the diminished induction of proto-oncogenes such as c-fos, c-myc and c-jun by hemodynamic stress. This diminution results from the aging of the heart per se and may be modulated by extracardiac factors. An age-related diminution was also observed in the mRNA induction of heat shock proteins by transient ischemia. However, this diminished induc-tion of immediate early genes in the aged heart was not observed after more severe stress.
With regard to the coronary vasculature, the age at which pressure-overload begins seems to be one of the important factors which determine the vascularity of hypertrophied hearts. Late-onset pressure-overload decreased di-lator reserve in spite of the absence of myocardial hypertrophy.
Thus, the responses to stress in the aged heart are quite different from those in the young heart. The limited capacity for adaptation to hemodynamic overload and poor protective mechanisms against stress may be causes of the higher incidence of heart failure in the aged.
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Significance of Progressive Course of Angina and Disease Activity
Yutaka IGARASHI, Yusuke TAMURA, Yasuhiko TANABE, Toshio FUJITA, Senji ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
419-430
Published: 1994
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of multivessel coronary spasm and compare the clinical characteristics between patients with and without multivessel coronary spasm. In variant angina, it is controversial whether coronary hyperreactivity to vasoconstrictor stimuli is localized to a segmental lesion in only one coronary artery. Moreover, the clinical characteristics of patients with multivessel coronary spasm have never been investigated. Sixty-three patients (51 men and 12 women; mean age, 56 years; range 35-72 years) with variant angina and documented ST-segment elevation during a spontaneous attack underwent spasm provocation testing with selective intracoronary injection of ergonovine. All but 4 patients who experienced spontaneous attacks during cardiac catheterization had induced coronary spasm associated with ST-segment elevation and chest pain. Multivessel coronary spasm was found in 27 (43%) of 63 patients. By univariate analysis, a high frequency of angina (≥3 times/week), occurrence of a spontaneous attack within 24 hours after withdrawal of medication, a long history of angina and a progressive course of angina were significantly associated with multivessel coronary spasm. Multivariate analysis indicated a positive correlation between multivessel coronary spasm and progressive angina. Multivessel coronary spasm was found in 43% of patients with variant angina. Patients with multivessel coronary spasm have some unique clinical features. These results may increase the understanding of the pathophysiology and natural course of variant angina.
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A Common Electrophysiologic Phenomenon in Patients with Dual Atrioventricular Nodal Pathways
Tsu Juey WU, Shih-Ann CHEN, Chern-En CHIANG, Chin Juey YANG, Chen-Chua ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
431-442
Published: 1994
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Reverse alternating Wenckebach periods (RAWP) have rarely been described, and the significance of dual AV nodal pathways in atrial pacing-induced RAWP is unknown. Forty-five of 50 consecutive patients (M/F=23/27, mean age 40±5 years) with common type AV nodal reentrant tachycardia had discontinuous antegrade conduction curves. Atrial pacing revealed that pattern A RAWP (23 patients) had the fourth paced beat conducted over the fast pathway, and pattern B (18 patients) over the slow pathway. Four patients had both pattern A and B RAWP during different pacing cycle lengths. All episodes of atrial pacing-induced RAWP emerged from (or started as) 3:2 AH block, which thereafter were followed by runs of 2:1 AH block. Comparisons between patterns A and B showed (1) maximal atrial pacing cycle length with RAWP was longer in pattern A; (2) A2H2-A1H1 and A4H4-A1H1 were significantly greater in pattern B; (3) A2H2-A4H4 and H2A4/A2H2 were significantly greater in pattern A.
It is concluded that atrial pacing-induced RAWP is a common electrophysiologic phenomenon in patients with dual AV nodal pathways. Furthermore, intermittent slow pathway conduction associated with different AnHn and HnAn+2 parameters helped the interpretation of different conduction patterns.
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A Clinical and Experimental Study
Volkan SINCI, Halim SONCUL, Serdar GUNAYDIN, Velit HALIT, Levent GOKGO ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
443-454
Published: 1994
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Cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with a reduction in plasma thyroid hormone concentrations in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, studies of the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on thyroid function are limited and many studies report conflicting data concerning only the period of cardiopulmonary bypass.
In this study, we tried to clinically determine the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on concentrations of thyroid hormones by comprehensive thyroid function tests in 10 patients before and after surgery, and observed the benefits of triiodothyronine supplementation after global ischemia on myocardial function experimentally in guinea pigs. In patients undergoing surgery, concentrations of total triiodothyronine and free triiodothyronine decreased progressively on the institution of cardiopulmonary bypass and remained below normal levels until 24 hours postoperatively.
In the guinea pig hearts studied in a Langendorf perfusion apparatus, T3 supplementation enhanced percentage recovery of ventricular contractile force, heart work and heart rate with respect to other groups receiving no T3 supplementation or T3 supplementation without any ischemic interval.
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Shigeki YANAGIDA, Fumitaka OHSUZU, Nobuhiro SAKATA, Shinichi MAIE, Mas ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
455-465
Published: 1994
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Isolated rat hearts were subjected to retrograde perfusion to investigate the protective effects of adenosine and verapamil on the myocardium. In group 1, the perfusate was standard Krebs-Henseleit buffer solution. The perfusate was changed to Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing verapamil (100nM) in group 2, adenosine (100μM) in group 3 and both drugs in combination in group 4 for 30min before ischemia and during 20min of reperfusion. Group 2 displayed a recovery of creatine phosphate but not of ATP at the end of reperfusion. In group 4, the recovery of both ATP and creatine phosphate was significantly greater than in group 1. The coronary flow of group 4 was significantly higher than that of the other groups. Treatment with both verapamil and adenosine before and after global ischemia may protect the ischemic myocardium by improving high energy phosphate metabolism and coronary circulation.
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Comparison of Nonradioactive Colored and Radioactive Microspheres
Naohiko KOBAYASHI, Kiminari KOBAYASHI, Koichi KONO, Tomoyuki AKABANE, ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
467-475
Published: 1994
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The systemic hemodynamic effects of different microsphere suspension agents were evaluated in 22 Sprague-Dawley male rats. Rats were divided into three groups, and three different solutions (distilled water;
n=7, 10% dextran;
n=8, and 70% glucose;
n=7) were injected through the left atrium respectively. 0.2m
l of each solution was injected repeatedly until significant hemodynamic changes developed. During four sequential injections, distilled water had no significant effects on cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate. However, the 10% dextran (mol wt 70, 000) solution produced significant decreases in both cardiac output and mean arterial blood pressure during and after the third injection. The 70% glucose solution also decreased, cardiac output significantly during the third injection. Although microspheres itself must cause some hemodynamic changes, our results indicated that the hemodynamic disturbances observed during a large dose injection of microspheres might have been at least in part due to the use of high-density suspending solutions. The doses of radioactive microsphere solution in many previous rat studies were usually less than 0.6m
l. However, in the case of large dose injection of microspheres, these results indicate that the suspending solutions can affect hemodynamic parameters in various ways.
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Edward D. Frohlich
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
487-491
Published: 1994
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Akiyoshi Fukamizu, Kazuo Murakami
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
492-493
Published: 1994
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Masataka Majima, Makoto Katori
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
494-495
Published: 1994
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Yoshihiro Ogawa, Hiroshi Itoh, Kazuwa Nakao
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
496-497
Published: 1994
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Yasuo Nara, Toru Nabika, Katsumi Ikeda, Makoto Sawamura, Masayuki Mano ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
498-499
Published: 1994
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Jitsuo Higaki, Tetsuro Miki, Koichi Higashimori, Hiroshi Ikegami, Hiro ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
500-501
Published: 1994
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Satoshi Umemura, Shunichi Kobayashi, Nobuhito Hirawa, Satoshi Yamaguch ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
502-503
Published: 1994
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Yoshiaki Masuyama
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
504
Published: 1994
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Yoshiaki Masuyama, Akinobu Nagaoka
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
505
Published: 1994
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Akinobu Nagaoka, Tetsuji Imamoto
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
506-507
Published: 1994
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Takeshi Tsutsumi, Hideaki Yanagisawa, Hirofumi Osada, Tomoe Nakada, Sa ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
508-509
Published: 1994
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Yoji Inishi, Toshihiro Okuda, Kiyoshi Kurokawa
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
510-511
Published: 1994
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Tatsuo Shimosawa, Katsuyuki Ando, Toshiro Fujita
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
512
Published: 1994
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Masanori Hamada, Takashi Ueyama, Takuzo Hano, Yuuji Ueno, Ichiro Nishi ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
513-514
Published: 1994
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Yoshio Ohta, Taka-aki Chikugo, Tsuneyuki Suzuki
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
515-516
Published: 1994
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Akihiko Fujimoto, Yasuo Nara, Hiroshi Ishino, Yukio Yamori
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
517
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Masanori Hamada, Takashi Ueyama, Toshio Imanishi, Takuzo Hano, Yuuii U ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
518
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Yoneko Hayase, Yang Xiang Hong, Koji Iihara, Masakiyo Sasahara, Fumita ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
519
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Takeshi Onda, Megumi Hamano, Satoshi Mashiko, Isao Tomita, Masahiko Ik ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
520
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Fumiko Sasaki, Akiko Nakamura, Kazuo Yamamoto, Kyoko Kaneko, Satoru Su ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
521
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Jun Shibuya, Mitsumasa Ohyanagi, Kiyomitsu Ikeoka, Motomaru Masutani, ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
522
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Yasuaki Toyoda, Hiroki Shima, Hisashi Sasajima, Akira Baba, Takuzo Han ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
523
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Kazuo Sekine
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
524
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Tatsuya Ichida, Masaaki Hirouchi, Kinya Kuriyama, Susumu Sasaki, Kazuo ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
525
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Motoo Tanaka, Kazuo Takeda, Hiroshi Fujita, Atsushi Uchida, Tatsuya Ic ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
526
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Comparison between SHR and WKY rats
Masato Nishimura, Hakuo Takahashi, Masanori Sakamoto, Akira Nambu, Tad ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
527
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Masashi Watanabe, Mikihisa Kobayashi, Takafumi Kaneda, Toru Takami, Hi ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
528
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Successive MRI observations of the healing process
Yoshio Ohta, Taka-aki Chikugo, Tsuneyuki Suzuki, Masaya Takahashi, B. ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
529
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K IKEDA, D GU, Y NARA, M TAGAMI, Y YAMORI
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
530
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Shinji Naito, Masahiro Ito, Masahiro Nakashima, Toshiyuki Nakayama, Ic ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
531
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Satoshi Fukuda, Haruzo Iida, Satoru Tsuchikura, Yasuo Nara, Katsumi Ik ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
532
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K. Shichijo, M. Ito, I. Sekine
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
533
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Katsuhiko Sato, Yasuo Watanabe, Takeshi Shibuya
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
534
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Shinichi Kimura, Mamiko Togashi, Toru Endo, Naoya Hamaue, Masaru Minam ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
535
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Mizuo Miyagawa, Kohichi Chida, Hiroshi Kawamura, Katsuo Kanmasse
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
536
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Hiromi Tsushima, Seigo Fujimoto
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
537
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Jin-Liang Yue, Hiroshi Ueda, Yoshio Goshima, Yoshimi Misu
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
538
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Toshio Kumai, Masami Tanaka, Minoru Watanabe, Chie Matsumoto, Chika Se ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
539
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Yoh Hamada, Toshifumi Otori, Takaaki Chikugo, Yoshio Ohta, Tsuneyuki S ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
540
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Manidipine Hydrochloride on the regulatory mechanism of glomerular capillary pressure in heminephrectomized SHR
Takako Onuki, Tetsuya Kawata, Tomoko Matsumoto, Akitoshi Ando, Hiroshi ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
541
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Kiyomitsu Nemoto, Tatsuya Hagiwara, Haruaki Kageyama, Isao Tomita, Tak ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
542
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Yoshitaka Nishimura, Yujing Gao, Aritomo Suzuki, Kazumi Yoshida
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
543
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Takashi Ueyama, Hiroko Kishi, Masanori Hamada, Takuzo Hano, Ichiro Nis ...
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
544
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AN ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE STUDY
Kazushi Tsuda, Ichiro Nishio, Yoshiaki Masuyama
1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages
545
Published: 1994
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