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Yoshiyuki HAYASHI, Teiko OKAZAKI, Yasubumi FURUYA, Nobuo IMAIZUMI, Chi ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1328
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Recently, a muatiferoic sensor using the ME effect (magnetoelectric effect) by combining magnetism and piezo-electricity has been studied.. Up to the present, Terfenol-D was used as a magnetostrictive actuator material in the composite structure. however, Terfenol-D has faults such as weakness and high cost. Then, we used polycrystalline Fe-Ga-Al ribbon instead of Terfenol-D. Fe-Ga-Al ribbon has characteristics such as high magnetostriction, better mechanical properties and low cost. We prepared magnetic sensors using lamination forming of a Fe-Ga-Al ribbon/PZT. We measured output voltage and frequency dependency of these sensors in several alternative magnetic fields.
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Toshiya TAKAHASHI, Teiko OKAZAKI, Yasubumi FURUYA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1329
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This study's purpose is development of Fe-Ga Al (Galfenol) system alloy with large magnetostriction and high strength by precipitation hardening effect of the dispersed carbides for torque sensor system. Three kinds of composition bulk samples which added elements of Carbon, Zirconium, Niobium and Molybdenum to Fe-Ga Al alloy, (Fe-Ga_<0.15>-Al_<0.05>)_<99.0>-X_<0.5>-C_<0.5>(X=Zr, Nb, Mo) [at%], were prepared Those bulk samples were given heat treatment after the arc melting. Then, metallurgical characterization, the magnetic characteristic and strength property were studied. As a result (Fe-Ga_<0.15>-Al_<0.05>)_<99.0>-Zr_<0.5>-C_<0.5> [at%] arc melted and annealed sample showed a maximum magnetostriction of λ_<max>=90ppm and tensile stress σB=800MPa level, (Fe-Ga_<0.15>-Al_<0.05>)_<99.0>-Nb_<0.5>-C_<0.5> sample showed λ_<max>60ppm, σ_B=730MPa class, and (Fe-Ga_<0.15>-Al_<0.05>)_<99.0>-Mo_<0.5>-C_<0.5> sample showed λ_<max>=90ppm and tensile stress σ_B=780MPa level. As magnetostrictive alloy with high tensile strength like an 800MPa was not reported up to the present Those materials developed here have a potential of industrial applications such as torque sensor under severe environment.
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Akio Shimazu, Yasuhide Hamada, Takashi Morita, Daiji Kubo, Tsutomu Oik ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1330
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Hydrogenation operated bending motion device, which was a platinum coated LaNi_5 hydrogen storage alloy film deposited on a polyimide sheet at elevated temperatures, had been successfully developed. When the substrate temperature was 373K, the strain (Δε) was 550ppm, which displacement was 1.8 times larger than that (300ppm) at room temperature (323k). LaNi_5 alloy thin films were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering process at different substrate temperatures from 323K to 525K and different Ar gas pressure from 0.4 Pa to 1.0 Pa. As a result, the bending motion after 10000s, there sample expressed different bending motion strain at each DC magnetron sputtering process.
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Shun Saso, Daiji Kubo, Ryo Nakano, Yoshihito Matsumura, Yoshitake Nish ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1331
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Influences of deformation resistance on bending motion angle, strain and force of composite mover device driven by magnetic field of Fe-45at%Pd alloy thin film deposited on titanium, substrate thickness by direct current magnetron sputtering process were investigated. When the residual gas pressure before argon sputtering and the sputtering pressure of argon gas (5 N) were less than 5.0×10^<-4> Pa and 2.0×10^<-1> Pa, respectively, the thickness of the Fe-45at%Pd films deposited was about 2.5μm. Bending motion strain of Fe-45at%Pd alloy film largely depended on the bending deformation resistance controlled by substrate thickness from 50 to 300μm. The largest strain of bending motion induced by magnetic field and its highest susceptibility were found in the Fe-45%Pd alloy film deposited on titanium thin sheet of 50μm thickness.
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Teiko OKAZAKI, Masamune TANAKA, Yasubumi FURUYA, Chihiro SAITO, Nobuo ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1332
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In order to develop magnetostrictive actuator induced by low magnetic field, we investigated magnetostrictive (positive magnetostriction/negative magnetostriction) bimorph-layers, that is, rapidly solidified Fe-Pd, Fe-Ga ribbons (100 μm)/Ni(50 μm). Displacement of the upper part of bimorph-layers with length of 20 mm was 230 μm under low magnetic field (500Oe). The bimorph-layers actuator was applied in micro-gas-valve. Flow rate of Ar with 7kPa is driven by magnetic field of 350Oe.
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Hiroyuki MIKI, Shingo KODAIRA, Yun LUO, Toshiyuki TAKAGI, Tomoyuki YAM ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1333
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Artificial esophageal actuator with peristaltic motion was developed. This actuator utilizes SME property of SMA coil springs, and has a role of transporting boluses. First of all, the human esophageal properties were detailed description, and an SMA spring used here was estimated experimentally in order to design the actuator. Based on those data, the actuator making use of SMA springs was designed and fabricated. In addition, sequential logic control system for actuator motion was constructed to imitate esophageal function, namely peristalsis. Its conveying ability was estimated using jelly as a pseudomasticated food. It was found that the actuator was able to transport jelly against gravity. Bolus transporting velocity, however, was a little lower than that of the human esophagus.
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Arata MASUDA, Satoshi SHIMABUKURO, Shusheng CHEN
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1334
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this paper, a preliminary study on a shape-recoverable shock absorption structure consisting of hysteretic spring elements combined with a buckling mechanism which could achieve both high energy absorption efficiency and high energy dissipation efficiency is presented. In order to illustrate the basic idea, a conceptual model consisting of a two-link mechanism and a hysteretic spring is investigated. A proof-of-concept experimental model consisting of a two-link mechanism and a superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) spring is developed for the demonstrative purpose. A prototype of superelastic SMA-based "woven" shells is also developed to show a possible application of the proposed concept.
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Akira TODOROKI, Keisuke KUMAGAI, Ryosuke Matsuzaki
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1335
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A self-deployable composite structure using a partially flexible composite (PFC) with shape memory alloy wires is developed here. The fabrication process of the PFC is briefly mentioned first. The results of carbon fiber breakages during the folding process are investigated by using changes in electrical resistance. An SMA wire is embedded in the PFC to keep the folded configuration without loading and self-deployment is achieved using Joule heating. The results confirm that a flexible part of adequate length enables foldable composite structures without causing carbon fiber breakages, while the cyclic folding tests reveal that the PFC is reliable when a long flexible part is used. The embedded SMA wire realizes compactly folded composite panel structures without loading and Joule heating of the SMA wires enables self-deployable composite structures.
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Hiroshi Sugiyama, Yoji Okabe
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1336
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this research, we proposed a sandwich structure that consists of a shape memory alloy (SMA) honeycomb core and carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) facesheets as a lightweight geometric variable structure. First, the CFRP facesheets were bonded to the SMA honeycomb core and a pre-shear-strain was applied to the SMA core. Then the ends of the upper and lower facesheets were fixed together. After that, the SMA core was heated to generate the recovery shear stress. As a result, the sandwich panel curved in the out-of-plane direction. In addition, we analyzed qualitatively the deformation of the sandwich beam with the finite element method. The calculation result showed that the shear stress simulating the recovery stress deformed the beam in the same shape as the results of the experiments.
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Tatsushi KAIHO, Takamitsu CHIBA, Hiroshi ASANUMA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1337
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper describes effect of the fiber volume fraction of SiC/Al active composite on its thermal deformation characteristics. The results obtained are as follows: (1) The room temperature curvature of the active composite after the optimum heat treatment increases with increasing the volume fraction of the SiC fiber. (2) The shape change of the active composite of the fiber spacing p=1 mm is continuously and monotonously during thermal cycle between room temperature and 833 K. (3) The curvature change of the active composite has no hysteresis up to 413 K.
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Toshiyuki NAKATA, Mitsuhiro KIBE, Hiroshi ASANUMA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1338
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the hardness and thickness of elastomer on the thermal deformation of high performance, that is, large deformation and high output force type active laminate using elastomer. The conventional active laminate was made by hot-pressing of an aluminum plate as a high CTE material, a unidirectional CFRP prepreg as a low CTE/electric resistance heating material and an epoxy adhesive layer as an insulating material. And the high performance ones were basically stacks of thin and large deformation type active laminates sandwiching elastomer. In this study, it was found that the thermal deformation of the active stack increases with decreasing hardness and thickness of the elastomer layer in the experimental range and the large deformation close to the level of single laminate can be achieved by using the soft rubber sheet of hardness H_s=1 (Shore A). Theoretical analyses were also carried out and the stress concentration around the edges of specimen at the interface of laminates and rubber sheet was found to be the important factor in determining the shape of active stacks.
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Mitsuhiro KIBE, Yuta ADACHI, Toshiyuki NAKATA, Hiroshi ASAMUMA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1339
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper describes the fabrication and evaluation of the active laminates having hollow channels to develop new functions such as cooling and healing. The active laminate was made by hot-pressing of an aluminum plate as a high CTE material, a unidirectional CFRP prepreg as a low CTE material and an electric resistance heater, a unidirectional GFRP prepreg as an insulator between them and copper foils as electrodes. The hollow channels were formed in the GFRP layer. In this study, it was found that the thermal deformations and output forces of the active laminates having one hollow channel decreases with increasing the volume fraction of the hollow channel up to 0.9. However, they were improved by increasing the number of the hollow channels.
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Kun'ichi MIYAZAWA, Kayoko HOTTA, Ringor CHERRY, Kazuma SAITO, Jun ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1340
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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C_<60> fullerene nanotubes with diameters ranging from about 100 nm to 1000 nm have been successfully prepared by the liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation method. Further, C_<60> microtubes vertically aligned on a porous alumina membrane have been synthesized using a newly developed method that injects isopropyl alcohol into a toluene solution saturated with C_<60>. These Cso micro and nano tubes will have a wide application for solar cells, field-effect transistors, composite fillers for plastics and so forth in future.
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Naoto HIRONAKA, Masato ARAI, Mitsuru HIRANO, Yoshitake NISHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1341
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Effects of metal evaporation coating on stress-strain curve of carbon fiber have been studied. D.C magnetron sputtering device was used for evaporation coating which used Nickel target and to change film thickness, sputtering time was changed. Tensile test was conducted by twisting free tensile tester. As results of experiments, the stress was little gone down, but strain was raised substantially. After tensile test, the sample was observed by FE-SEM. The Carbon was not diffusion to Nickel on the inter face.
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Noriyoshi Miwa, Kazunori Tanaka, Yoshiko Kamiya, Yoshitake Nishi
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1342
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Joining with high strength is also expected to apply to airplanes or racing cars to save their energy and to enhance their mobility. However it is difficult to join between metals and polymers. In order to enhance the joining strength, a carbon fiber reinforced interface has been suggested. To prevent to decay the carbon fiber by decomposition, the fiber has been coated with nickel film, which protects the carbon fiber against metal liquid. One side plain of the coated fiber is dipped into metal liquid. After solidification, another side of the coated felt is also dipped in other materials. The nickel coated carbon fiber reinforced interface between metals and differential materials probably acts as one of ideal original bonding.
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Satoshi KISHIMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1343
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A metallic closed cellular material containing polymer has been fabricated. Polymer particles coated with nickel-phosphorus alloy layer using electro-less plating were pressed into the green pellets and sintered at high temperatures in a vacuum condition. These particles were also sintered by a spark plasma sintering method. Metallic closed cellular materials containing polymer were then fabricated. The three points bending tests were carried out to measure the mechanical properties of these materials. Damping properties were also measured. The results showed that these metallic closed cellular materials have different strength and different internal frictions among the specimens that containing different polymers.
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Nobuaki KUNIKYO, Hiroyuki KOBAYASHI, Masae KANDA, Yoshitake NISHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1344
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A room temperature solvent casting (RTSC) treatment, that is solidification after dissolving plastics into organic solvent, has been applied to bulk articled. The attractive points are not only the casting at room temperature, but also saving the production period and cost on molding of polymer. Thus, influences of acetone, one of typical solvent in environmental closed system, on mechanical properties of ABS polymer treated by RTSC-treatment have been studied. Although the RTSC-treatment softens the ABS polymer, it improves the Charpy impact value, which is 1.75 times larger than that before the RTSC-treatment. The improvement of impact value is mainly explained by residual mass of acetone in ABS polymer molecule.
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Hironori Sato, Keisuke Iwata, Hiroaki Takei, Akira Tonegawa, Yoshitake ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1345
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Joining between Nylon-film and silicone, polycarbonate, PMMA and polypropylene were successfully developed by using homogeneous EB irradiation. Effects of electron beam (EB) irradiation on joining strength of different polymers without adhesive materials were investigated. As a result, The EB irradiation on 0.216 MGy apparently enhances the joining strength of Nylon-film and all substrates. To discuss the influences of EB irradiation on the joining strength, electron spin resonance (ESR) signals related to dangling bonds were observed. Since EB irradiation generated dangling bonds on all samples, dangling bonds probably supported the joining at interface.
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Naoki KONNO, Hideo KOGUCHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1525
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A mismatch of different material properties in joints may cause stress singularities, which lead to the failure of the bonding part. Furthermore, thermal residual stresses occur in a cooling process after bonding the joints, and the stress singularity for thermal stress also occurs. In the present study, a boundary element method is used for evaluating the intensity of stress singularity. Analysis model is 3-layer model, and consist of silicon, resin and FR4.
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Miki YAMAZAKI, Masato KOBAYASI, Sinsuke SAKAI
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1526
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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We experimentally investigated forces working on the contact interfaces between metal and resin molds of resin mold structures, which are made of metal cylinders covered with resin mold. The results are discussed from the viewpoints of friction force, bonding force, and contact pressure based on residual stress. As a result, we introduce a new concept for treating bonding coefficients. Moreover, we developed FEM modeling for forces acting on the bonding interface. We found that the calculation results for the forces were in very good agreement with those we measured.
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Yusuke TAKOH, Kenji KANEKO, Kazuki ENOMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1527
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this study, butt joint specimens which have various interfacial edge angles (notch type:0=45,70,80 degrees, cylinder type:0=90 degrees, protrudent type:0=100, 110, 110 degrees) are used. All specimens are tested after the heat treatment of 50 degrees for 12 hours to get stable results. Adhesive strength increases with increasing interfacial edge angle, and has the peak amount at the edge angle of 100 degrees. This is because that stress concentration at the interfacial edge becomes small for a larger edge angle. On the other hand, the apparent adhesive strength decreases with increasing edge angle for the protrudent type specimen which has no stress concentration. This is because the protrudent area of the specimen does not take so much load. Adhesive strength increases a little with an increase of loading rate.
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Tatsuo YOKOI, Chiaki SATO
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1528
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Recently, adhesive bonding has been used in the many fields because recent chemistry has provided new strong adhesives. However, the durability of adhesive joints has not been studied sufficiently. In particular, degradation due to water accumulation in adhesive layers is one of the crucial factors. In this study, adhesive-adherend interfaces in the joints, which is immersed in water, was observed using Scanning Acoustic Microscopes (SAMs) because it was suitable to detect defects in materials. Additionally, the ultrasonic reflection signals monitored using the SAM were analyzed to visualize the water distribution in the adhesive layers.
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Yukio MIYASHITA, Masashi TAKEMI, Masaru TAKAHASHI, Hua WANG, Hironori ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1529
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Dissimilar metals welding between SUS304 and A5052 has been carried out by using a pulse YAG laser. Weldable conditions were obtained at spot diameter of 0.8 mm. Shear-tensile test and peel test was conducted to evaluate strength of the joint. The maximum strength for both shear-tensile and peel was obtained for the joint welded with laser irradiation condition of 280V-4msec. Reason for degradation of strength of the joint welded with higher heat input could be occurrence of under cutting and large formation of intermetallic phase. Change of the strength due to change in heat input was significantly observed for peel mode compared to that for shear-tensile mode. According to FEM analysis, molten pool depth affects on strength of the joint. It was observed that the strength of the joint under peel mode is more sensitive to the change in molten pool depth.
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Tyuyoshi NISHIMURA, Yoshiyuki KONDO, Masanobu KUBOTA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1530
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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To investigate the effect of hydrogen concentration on fretting fatigue strength, fretting fatigue test was performed using two kind of hydrogen charged and uncharged specimens. Hydrogen concentration was 60ppm and 8ppm for the hydrogen charged materials and 0.13ppm for the uncharged material. The material was SUS304. The solution heat-treated and 40% strained materials were used. Fretting fatigue limit in air was decreased by hydrogen charge. Fretting fatigue limit of the hydrogen charged materials in hydrogen gas showed further decrease. Fretting fatigue limit in hydrogen gas was almost the same irrespective of hydrogen charge conditions.
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Tadao KAGIWADA
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1531
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Loosening of the wheel bolts may be the cause of accidents where the wheel falls off while the trailer is running. When the transverse force of wheel bolts exceeds a certain proportion of the bolt shaft force, the wheel nut begins to loosen. Loosening of a wheel bolt may influence on the deformation of wheel and the transverse forces of other wheel bolts increase, and the bolts may also loosen. In this report the 3-dimensional deformation of the disk wheels and the transverse forces on the wheel bolt are determined by 3-dimensional numerical analysis. In the result, by loosening of 1 bolt the transverse forces at lower position of wheel increase and the concentration at the upper position of wheel cancel.
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Sanat Wagle, Hiroshi Kato
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1532
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Bolted specimens of the aluminum alloy plate (A2024-T3) were subjected to fatigue testing to evaluate effects of the tightening torque on the fatigue life and the failure mode at different levels of the stress amplitude. Two modes of failure were observed, i.e. mechanical fatigue failure from the bolt hole edge in the range of small tightening torque, and fretting fatigue near the bolt hole edge in the range of higher torque regardless the stress amplitude. Then the in-process ultrasonic measurement was carried out with the surface acoustic wave to detect initiation and propagation of a fretting crack of the bolted specimen during the fatigue testing. During the fatigue process, the intensity of the scattering wave gradually increased at the fretted region ahead of a bolt hole with the number of fatigue cycles. It was assumed that the fretting crack appeared at the edge of the fretted area when the average intensity of the scattered wave reached a critical value.
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Masaaki Iwasa, Ryujiro Udo, Takeshi Tsukamoto, Tetsuya Kuwano, Taiji H ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: 1533
Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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We developed a new strength evaluation technique applicable to impellers manufactured using a new laser slot-welding process. The welding process uses laser light to join blades to a shroud. In this process, first, slots are formed by machining on the shroud. Then, blades are welded to the opposite side of the shroud by the laser beam coming through those slots. Finally, the slots are filled with powder of the same material, welded, and closed. We experimentally examined the strength of the welded parts and found their strength was almost equal to that of the base material. During this welding process, fillet welds are formed between the blades and the shroud. We then focused on finding an effective method to evaluate their fatigue strength. After theoretical and experimental consideration, we reached the conclusion that total strain calculated using elastic and elastic-plastic stress analysis is suitable for evaluating the fatigue strength of a stress concentration region produced by the laser-welding process.
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Article type: Appendix
Pages
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Published: August 02, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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