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Published: September 12, 2009
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Article type: Appendix
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Article type: Appendix
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Article type: Appendix
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Published: September 12, 2009
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Article type: Index
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A1-A7
Published: September 12, 2009
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Nozomi TERAUCHI, Ken-ichi TSUBOTA, Hiroshi LIU
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-1-1
Published: September 12, 2009
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This study attempted modeling of fibrin network formation process in red thrombus with a two-dimensional particle method simulation of blood flow between parallel plates. Blood flow simulations were carried out based on the two different models of fibrin formation. The first model assumed fibrin formation according to the elapsed time with respect to platelet aggregation. A simulation result on this model demonstrated that fibrin began to form near the injured blood vessel wall where the platelet aggregation was assumed to occur, and that this led to formation of firm thrombus by platelets and fibrin. The second model assumed fibrin formation according to the blood flow. In this case, fibrin began to form near the surface of already aggregated platelets. Because stiffer fibrin formed on softer platelet thrombus, the platelet thrombus that formed at an initial stage of simulation collapsed. After the collapse fibrin adhered to the injured vessel wall, leading to formation of firm thrombus as well as in the first model.
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Takeshi ISHIDA
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-1-2
Published: September 12, 2009
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This study developed the model to simulate the morphogenetic mechanism of cells under the condition of two-dimensional cellular automata. We considered not only the state transition rules but also the concentration diffusion of the field. Thus our model was able to simulate morphogenetic formation in few state transition rules.
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Naohiro ISHIZAWA, Tadashi KOSAWADA
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-1-3
Published: September 12, 2009
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Transendothelial channels, found in continuous endothelia, are patent pores spanning the endothelial cell body from lumen to ablumen. A recent paper indicates that they can be provided with two stomatal diaphragms. This structure is expected to affect macromolecular exchanges on the basis of size. This study examines intracellular membrane transport by transendothelial channels and the influence of the diaphragm. A system of nonlinear differential equations determining the shape of channels is derived based on variational principle. After a 3-D model of the channel was constructed, CFD software PHOENICS resolves a general balance equation, instead of well-known fluid equations. Then it provides blood flow through the transendothelial channel with or without diaphragm.
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Takeshi SHIMOTO, Koichi NAKAYAMA, Xiu Ying ZHANG, Shuichi MATSUDA, Hir ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-1-4
Published: September 12, 2009
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We've been working for developing scaffold free cell delivery system, and show good regeneration of rabbit osteochondral defect until more than two years by implantation of molded mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) construct without use of exogenous factors. The entire procedure is simple, yet, it takes time and labor to build a single construct even experienced hands. In this study, we developed a cell processing robot for building Scaffold free HD MACs (High-density mesenchymal stem cell autologus constructs). In results, The obtained scaffold free HD MACs as same as manual procedure without contamination. In this study, the construct made by this robot were maintained its shape until autologous implantation to the rabbits.
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Yoshitaro SAKATA, Souichi SAEKI, Takashi SAITO, Takafumi HIRO, Masunor ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-1-5
Published: September 12, 2009
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The rupture of unstable plaques on coronary artery should cause acute coronary syndromes. Authors proposed Optical Coherence Straingraphy (OCS), which could visualize cross-sectional strain distribution of tissue from speckle images obtained by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). This method is constructed by Recursive Cross-correlation (RC) technique and Weighted Moving Least Square Method (WMLSM), which can provide tomographic strain distribution of tissue with high resolution. In this study, the verification study was carried out using atherosclerotic plaques of WHHL rabbit. Strain distributions calculated by OCS were verified by means of simulated results based on histological images. Consequently, OCS results agreed qualitatively with simulated ones. RMS error △_<εzz>= ±0.845 × 10^<-3> was calculated from spatially distributed strain data, which amounted to 33.8% for the maximum strain by OCS. Thus, the proposed method can detect tomographic strain distribution at the micro scale resolution. It was concluded that OCS could provide clinical information of atherosclerotic plaques as "Micro Mechanical Biopsy".
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Noritaka YAMAMOTO, Akira HONDA, Masashi FUKAYA
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-1-6
Published: September 12, 2009
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Collagen fibrils were regenerated from type I collagen solution (3 mg/ml, pH3.0). The mass of the regenerated collagen fibrils was measured using a QCM, and the microstructure of the fibrils was observed using an AFM. Under the condition (pH8.1, 37℃), the mass of the regenerated fibrils was maximum, and the period of banding observed on the fibrils was approximately similar to that on the fibrils of tendons and ligaments.
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Ken-ichi KONNO, Ryota SATO, Tadashi KOSAWADA, Kaoru GORO
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-2-1
Published: September 12, 2009
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In this study, a three-dimensional vibration stage was developed to enforce dynamic stimulation onto cultured cells seeded on a 35 mm culture dish. Three piezoelectric ceramics were attached on a newly designed V-shaped vibrator, so that it perform three-dimensional vibration up to around 80 μm in needed axial direction. Because of its simple structure, a sterilization treatment, which should be done before setting the vibration stage in a CO_2 incubator to avoid contamination, can be carried out without difficulty. Focusing on osteoblastic character, which is sensitive to external mechanical stimuli, a normal human osteoblast (NHOst) is stimulated by the developed three-dimensional vibration stage. In order to estimate effect of dynamic stimulation upon cultured cell, we define parameters of projected area and slederness ratio of the cultured NHOst. It is found that the vibration stimulation affects cell morphology.
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Yasushi OWAKI, Kazuaki NAGAYAMA, Akio MATSUMOTO, Takeo MATSUMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-2-2
Published: September 12, 2009
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It has been reported that glycans play pivotal roles in biomechanical responses of cells. To reveal the roles of glycans in mechanical response of endothelial cells, we observed morphological changes of cultured mouse vascular endothelial cells treated with deoxy-D-glucose (DG), which modifies protein glycosylation. When confluent cell monolayer in static culture was treated with DG, it formed mesh-like structure in 48 hours. This change was accompanied by decrease in the total area of focal adhesions that indicates the weakening of cell-substrate adhesion. Such weakening may cause loss of ability to repair gaps between cells that may form in cell monolayer temporally. When exposed to fluid shear stress, normal cells aligned in the direction of flow while treated cells did not. These results indicate that glycans have significant effects on mechanical response of vascular endothelial cells.
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Hiromichi NAKADATE, Haruyuki MINAMITANI, Shigeru AOMURA
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-2-3
Published: September 12, 2009
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Using our perfusion system that enables the independent control of pressure and flow volume, we investigated the effect of exposure to physiological pulsatile flow on adhesion molecule expression in activated endothelial cells by immunofluorescence. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with 25 ng/ml TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha) for 6 hours. Then, activated endothelial cells were exposed to physiological pulsatile flow (pressure 80/120 mmHg and shear stress 1.2/1.8 Pa) or physiological steady flow without pressure (shear stress 1.5 Pa) for 1-24 hours. After exposure to pulsatile flow endothelial cells were fixed and stained ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1). Results showed that the expression of TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 decreased time-dependently in HUVECs exposed to physiological pulsatile flow. However, physiological steady flow without pressure increased the expression of TNF-α-induced ICAM-1. These results suggest that physiological pressure and pulsation regulated the expression of adhesion molecule, which induced by endothelial dysfunction.
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Akira Iwama, SATOSHI Taku, Masanobu UJIHIRA
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-2-4
Published: September 12, 2009
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During slow freezing of the cells, mechanical stress with the contact of the cells is caused by extracellular freezing. The mechanical stress influences the decrease of post-thaw cell viability. In biological tissues, the cells come in direct contact mutually, and it is thought that the influence of mechanical stress is large. This study suggested the reduction of the cell damage by addition of hyaluronic acid (HA), which is in the body and has low cytotoxity, to cryoprotectant in cultured monolayer cells in high cell density during slow freezing. Cell viability in each condition of cultured monolayer cells of human dermal fibroblast frozen by only 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or 10%DMSO added various concentration of HA was examined by counting living/dead cells from fluorescence images.
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Keisuke TAIRA, Yuki AONUMA, Taiji ADACHI, Masaki HOJO, Hiroshi KAMIOKA
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-2-5
Published: September 12, 2009
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Bone remodels its structure under changing mechanical environment. It is widely recognized that osteocytes (Ocy) embedded in bone matrix sense changes in their mechanical environment, and bone surface cells (BSC) such as osteoblasts are followed by new bone formation. From this point of view, various studies have observed response of Ocy and BSC to biochemical and mechanical stimulation. However, the characteristics of communication among these cells have not been clearly understood. In this study, we observed the calcium signal propagation, in response to local applied deformation using a glass microneedle, among bone cells isolated from chick calvaria. As a result, BSC received calcium signaling more sensitively than Ocy, regardless of the cell type of transmitter. This suggests that, in living bone tissue matrix, cellular communications occur near the bone surface, and bone functional adaptation by remodeling may refer to the mechanical environment of particularly bone surface. This result could provide us a new insight into the intercellular signal transduction among bone cells.
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Yoshihiro UJIHARA, hideyuki NAKAGAWA, Hiroshi MIYAZAKI, Masanori NAKAM ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-2-6
Published: September 12, 2009
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Tensile properties of fibroblasts obtained from rabbit patellar tendons were determined after their central stress fibers were disrupted with Y-27632. Each cell was attached to the fine tips of a micropipette and a glass microplate, and stretched at the rate of 6 imfs. The initial stiffness of cells, defined as the slope of each load-elongation curve between 0 and 20 μm elongation, decreased by 29% after the central stress fibers were disrupted. In the previous study, we reported that the initial stiffness was decreased by 73% by the disruption of actin filaments including actin meshworks and actin bundles such as stress fibers. These results suggest that both central stress fibers and actin meshworks beneath cell membrane greatly affect the tensile properties of fibroblasts.
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Yuki TATEYAMA, Yusuke MORITA, Keiju FURUYA, Kazuto TANAKA, Tsutao KATA ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-3-1
Published: September 12, 2009
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It is considered that a piezoelectric thin film coating on implant surface could accelerate cell activity and bone formation. Purpose of this study is to develop a surface treatment to enhance osseointegration for fixation of implants. Alumina ceramic plates and titanium alloy plates with and without a barium titanate (BaTiO_3) thin film coating were prepared as specimen. BaTiO_3 is a lead-free piezoelectric material. The biocompatibility of these specimens was evaluated by cytotoxicity assay with rat bone marrow cells. Effects of BaTiO_3 thin film coating on differentiation of bone marrow cells to osteoblast cells were also evaluated. As a result, it was suggested that BaTiO_3 thin film coating could be safely used for implant materials as a novel surface treatment.
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Yuji TAKEDA, Yusuke KAMBE, Koji YAMAMOTO, Katsura KOJIMA, Yasushi TAMA ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-3-2
Published: September 12, 2009
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RGDS-transgenic fibroin sponge was designed and produced from transgenic silkworms to control chondrocyte-substrate initial adhesiveness. Effect of RGDS sequence on adhesiveness of a single chondrocyte was evaluated by using a lab-made testing machine and immunofluorescence. It was found that the adhesive force per unit spreading area of chondrocyte both on RGDS-transgenic fibroin substrate and on normal fibroin substrate had a peak between 3 and 9 hours after seeding.
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Hiroshi YAMADA, Shunsuke TAKASAKI
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-3-3
Published: September 12, 2009
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We evaluated the effects of the culture media, i.e., Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM), Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (DPBS-), and DPBS+ which contained Ca and Mg ions, and the temperature on 1-hour morphological changes of fibroblasts Sire (RIKEN Cell Bank) which were seeded on the collagen coated plastic dish. We also obtained fluorescent images of single cells for DPBS+ and DPBS- after 1-hour incubation to evaluate the activity of energy production by staining mitochondria with MitoTracker Green FM. The experimental results showed that only the medium of DPBS-caused a detachment of single cells. After 1 hour the cellular area was 55% and 70% of the initial one for the temperatures of 37℃ and 25℃, respectively. The energy production was observed both for the media of DPBS+ and DPBS- even though cell bottoms were detached partially for DPBS-.
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Norihiro MATSUI, Mai ISHIGURO, Kazuaki NAGAYAMA, Takeo MATSUMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-3-4
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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To study sensing mechanism of substrate stiffness by cells, we observed changes of projected area of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMs) cultured on polyacrylamide gel substrates having various elastic moduli E and thicknesses h. Cell area decreased when h increased, and reached plateau when h>7.5 μm for a hard gel (E=92 kPa) and h>30 μm for a soft gel (E=6 kPa). We then performed numerical analysis to know the relationship between displacement of focal adhesions (FAs) and gel thickness, and found that stiffness at FA level correlates well with the cell area. These results suggest that RASMs were able to sense the elastic properties of the substrate only in a shallow region. If the cells sensed mechanical properties of the substrate by force-deformation relation spanning whole cell length, then the sensing depth should be comparable to their dimensions. Cells may sense substrate elasticity not with deformation of whole cell body but with local deformation at FAs.
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Kennedy Omondi OKEYO, Yukiko MARUOKA, Taiji ADACHI, Masaki HOJO, Hidet ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-3-5
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Actin polymerization-mediated cell protrusion is closely associated with attachment to the substrate and constitutes an important initial step during active cell migration. However, the influence of substrate adhesion property on this fundamental process is less investigated and understood. In order to determine the effect of cell-substrate interaction on cell protrusion dynamics, this study investigated the migration behavior of fish keratocytes on a fabricated glass-substrate consisting of arrays of rectangular fibronectin patterns interleaved with plasma-treated, PLL-g-PEG-coated non-adhesive gaps. We show that both pattern size and interleaving gap length are important limiting factors on lamellipodial protrusion and subsequent migration, and that actomyosin contractility is necessary for stabilizing the lamellipodial actin network for protrusion over the interleaving gaps.
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Kazuaki NAGAYAMA, Yuki YAHIRO, Takeo MATSUMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0201-3-6
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In order to study how intracellular forces are transmitted to the extracellular matrix during cell contraction, we investigated the change in traction forces at focal adhesions (FAs) and morphological changes of FAs in porcine aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) during their contraction. SMCs were cultured on polydimethylsiloxane-based micropillar array substrates, and then the traction forces at individual FAs were measured during cell contraction induced with 10^<-4>M serotonin. The traction forces immediately increased after the administration of serotonin especially at cell periphery, and their direction converged gradually to the direction parallel to the cell major axis. Fluctuation of forces was observed at some pillars during cell contraction. Surface reflective interference contrast microscopy revealed that FAs increased their area during cell contraction, and aligned in a direction parallel to the cell major axis. These results suggest that FAs remodel themselves actively during smooth muscle contraction depending on the direction and strength of contractile forces.
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Takehiro IWAMI, Kazuhiko HIRAMOTO, Kazuto MIYAWAKI, Yoichi SHIMADA, Go ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0202-1-1
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This development of machines and equipment to make elderly people healthy in their daily lives is becoming increasing important these days. Especially, resistance training equipment is effective for prevention of muscle atrophy in not only healthy adult people, but also the elderly people, and even disabled individuals. Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is the artificial stimulation of muscle which have lost nervous control, with the aim of providing muscular contraction and producing a functional useful movement for exercise, standing, and walking. Some authors demonstrated that FES-rowing for persons with spinal cord injury was safe and it also decreased the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Based on a new concept to effectively restrengthen disused muscles and to enable whole body exercise in seniors or paraplegics, we developed a hybrid power rehabilitation equipment including FES technology. The purpose of this study was to analyze the body load in case of rowing exercise.
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Kotaro IWAO, Hidehiko HIGAKI, Takeshi SHIMOTO, Hiromasa MIURA, Yukihid ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0202-1-2
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This study investigated the contact pressure of the femoral component and polyethylene insert in internal/external rotation. Two posterior stabilized prosthesis designs were tested to study using an artificial knee joint simulator. The contact pressure and contact area were measured at four flexion angle (0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees) and five axial tibial rotations (0 degrees, 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees and 20 degrees) under the applied loads of 1200N. With an internally rotated tibia, the contact stress increased significantly and the contact area decreased significantly. Additionally, Edge loading was found at the polyethylene insert at 20 degrees of tibial rotation. Understanding the advantage and disadvantage of the polyethylene insert function may help postoperative instruction.
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Takatoshi UMENO, Hidehiko HIGAKI, Takeshi SHIMOTO, Yoshitaka NAKANISHI ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0202-1-3
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In order to clarify the effect of a knee support on knee joint kinematics in walking, kinematic gait analysis of 10 young people with intact knees and five young people with unstable anterior cruciate ligaments (ACL) was performed. Three kinematic parameters (knee fiection, anterior-posterior tibial displacement, and internal-external rotation of the tibia) were measured when the subjects walked at their natural speed with four types of knee support and without knee support. The results showed that the knee supports limited the three kinematic parameters, especially internal-external rotation of the tibia, compared to without support.
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Ryota TAKAHASHI, Tasuku MIYOSHI, Shin-Ichiro YAMAMOTO, Takashi KOMEDA
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0202-1-4
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The purpose of this study is to develop the powered gait orthosis which was designed to regain the usual gait motions for stroke patients. This device was composed two actuators, timing belt, timing pulley, ball screw, link and frame that controlled by D/A output and a master-slave system; the master is the healthy side and the slave is the paralyzed side, the time series of the hip and the knee angle joint in healthy side were used as target variables to control the paralyzed side, respectively. This device is wearer to patient and assist to extension-flexion of paralysis side in training. In this report, introduce to developed device outhne and results of basic experiment.
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Kazutoshi YAMADA, Hiroshi KADOTA, Hodaka SARUWATARI, Shin-ichiroh YAMA ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0202-2-1
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Previous studies have reported the participation of the stretch reflex pathway in neuronal mechanisms in perturbed human walking. Muscle stretch is required to activate the stretch reflex pathway. However, reflex response was evoked without changes in joint angle when fall perturbation was applied during human walking. Therefore, we have to investigate the length of muscle fiber during perturbation in order to elucidate neuronal mechanisms. In the present study, we measured muscle fiber length (MEL) in the medial gastrocnemius muscle by using ultrasonography in perturbed human walking. We used three types of perturbations, that is, backward, fall and dorsiflexion. As a result of comparison of normal walking with each perturbation, reflex response was induced without extension of MFL. It is suggested that reflex response was not stretch reflex. And we constructed the measurement system that investigates the length of muscle fiber in perturbed human walking.
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Yoshitaka NAKANISHI, Mutsumi TOUGE, Hidehiko HIGAKI, Ken SHIMOTO, Akih ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0202-2-2
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Influence of surface roughness on tribological characteristics of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was investigated by using a pin-on-disc tester. Newly-design surface profile with super-smooth surface and submicron grooves was proposed in order to apply for metallic bearing surface. The newly-design surface improved a lubricating condition, however, deteriorated the wear of the UHMWPE due to the increase in the microscopic surface roughness. It was clear that the surface profiles on Co-Cr-Mo alloy changed morphology and size of wear debris of the UHMWPE and the amount of wear of the UHMWPE.
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Kouhei MURASE, Takuya OKAMOTO, Yuya SUEDA
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0202-2-3
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The study was investigating the possibility of motion tracking of multiple people under the factory-lighting condition. The effects that give the perception of the marker material and the surrounding illumination were examined. With the exception of green, yellow and blue and red markers were good identified . These trend was confirmed in 210〜240 and in 140〜120lux ambient light conditions.
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Yoshitaka SHIRAISHI, Hidehiko HIGAKI, Takeshi SHIMOTO, Satoshi HAMAI, ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0202-2-4
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This study aimed to develop in vivo six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) motion analysis for a natural knee joint with high precision using an image matching technique with high-resolution X-ray images from a flat panel detector (FPD). The image matching technique was performed determining the strength of a correlation between X-ray images and computational simulating images. However, the number of pixels in a whole reconstructed image was so huge. Therefore, in this study, several windows were set up, in which a region of interest was determined to calculate instead of viewing the whole region of the image. The computational simulating image was created by the three-dimensional gray-scale model reconstructed using computed tomography (CT) images. We report the results of a motion pattern in analysis for natural knee joints in stair-climbing activity using the developed method.
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Kiyoshi Kumahata, Futoshi Mori, Takeshi Nishimura, Teruo Matsuzawa
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0203-1-1
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The nasal cavity is an internal organ with a complex shape in the center of head. The nasal cavity is a passage of air in breath and has the important functions for temperature adjustment (warming and cooling), control humidity, olfaction of breathed air and so on. There are shape difference between the nasal cavity of human and chimpanzee. And there might be a nasal cavity function difference between human and chimpanzee. Therefore to investigate the difference we studied CFD for the nasal cavity with heat and humidity using a realistic shape from CT and confirmed existence of the function difference between human nasal cavity and chimpanzee nasal cavity.
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Takuya Sakata, Gaku Tanaka, Toshihiro Sera, Nobunori Kakusho, Hideo Yo ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0203-1-2
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Airflow patterns in the nasal cavity strongly affect the uptake and deposition of inhales pollutants, air-borne particles, and odorants over the entire nasal mucosa. Because of the nasal cavity's small size and structural complexity, the ability to accurately estimate the anatomically dependent airflow structures remains a challenge. In this study, the nasal cavity geometry was reconstructed from in vivo acquired CT data of the nasal passages in one healthy subject, and Voxel based CFD simulations were carried out for airflow in the nasal cavity model. In terms of the application to medical treatment, usefulness of these modeling techniques was discussed.
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Kazuyoshi Kitagawa, Kiyoshi Kumahata, Futoshi Mori, Shigeru Ishikawa, ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0203-1-3
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The nasal cavity is an internal organ with a complex shape in the center of head. The nasal cavity is a passage of air in breath and has the function of temperature adjustment (heating and cooling), control humidity and olfaction of breathed air. In the previous steady, by using Humidity model to do thermo-fluid analysis under approximate Human condition, and it analyzed in the state that mucous membranes always got wet. In this paper, we focused attention on the function of temperature and humidity control. We propose a new model that deal in H_2O mass fraction as degree of freedom, it can treat the drying of nasal mucosa.
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Ryosuke TAKANO, Akihiro HATORI, Gaku TANAKA
Article type: Article
Session ID: S0203-1-4
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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To reveal the nature of turbulence in a lung, the measurements of turbulence in the oscillatory flow in realistic model human central airways were made by particle image velocimetry (PIV). The transparent silicon model of multi-branching airways was fabricated from X-ray CT images by rapid prototyping. The multi-branching airways comprise trachea, right and left bronchi, and airway diameters range from 14 to 2 mm. The working fluid was an aqueous solution of glycerin, and plastic beads were added as seed particles. Sinusoidal oscillatory flow was produced by a pulse generator comprised of bellows pump. Velocities were measured in the coronal plane at the trachea, right and left bronchus with an Argon Laser sheet. The velocity data were processed to obtain the ensemble averaged velocity and turbulent intensity. The spatial and temporal variations of turbulent intensity were strongly dependent on the airway geometry and the phase of oscillatory flow.
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Kiyotada SATO, Yasunori FUJIWARA, Keisuke HARA, Naoyuki AKASHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0901-1-1
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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We developed a deer warning device using ultrasonic sound. In general, the electrical deer fencing net using high voltage prevents the deer from invading. The deer warning device will enhance the defense effect by setting in front of the deer fencing net. The warning device sound frequency is around 15kHZ referring to the "deer whistle", and operates for a long term with the solar cell and capacitor. This paper shows the idea of the device using PlC microcomputer and consideration of an animal warning device like a scarecrow. However, the actual effect of the device for the deer is not yet evaluated.
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Yuta AOKI, Hirotaka ISHIZAWA, Seiji KUMAGAI, Masaya SUGIMOTO, Yasuhiro ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0901-1-2
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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An activated carbon with high micro and mesoporosity, as well as a high bulk density, was fabricated by activating the extrusion-molded precursor made from carbonized rice husk (RH) and beet sugar (BS) at 850℃ in CO_2. The pore structure of this RH-based activated carbon (RHAC) was analyzed in relation to the bulk density. The extrusion molding and the use of BS syrup were useful to attain those superior properties. RHAC which was first activated for 1 h was immersed again in the BS syrup and then activated in CO_2 for 2 h. This two-step activation process provided both a high bulk density (0.93 g/cm^3) and a highly textured structure (micropore volume: 0.29 cm^3/g, mesopore volume:0.19 cm^3/g, BET specific surface area: 844 m^2/g).
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Hirotaka ISHIZAWA, Seiji KUMAGAI, Masaya SUGIMOTO, Yasuhiro TOIDA
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0901-1-3
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Rice husk activated carbons (RHACs) supporting CuO at 6.3 and 12.5 mass% were tested to remove sulfur compounds of benzothiophenes (BTs) and dibenzothiophenes (DBTs) from commercial kerosene. The adsorption isotherms of RHACs for those sulfur compounds were obtained in a batch-mode. Fixed-bed flowing tests were also conducted, providing their breakthrough curves of BTs and DBTs. It was shown that CuO supported on RHAC was useful to increase the uptake of BTs. Although the equilibrium uptake of DBTs on RHAC was not enhanced, the uptake of DBTs at the initial stage of the fixed-bed flowing test was enhanced by the CuO support.
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Junya SASAKI, Yuta ABE, Seiji KUMAGAI, Masaya SUGIMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0901-1-4
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A composite material was fabricated from rice husk and waste carbon fiber. Pulverized rice husk and 10 mass% of chopped carbon fiber (average length: 242 μm) were mixed and carbonized into the disc-shaped composite by means of hot-pressing without using any binders at different temperatures. Bulk density, surface conditions, compressive strength, and surface hardness of the composite were evaluated. The maximum compressive strength was appeared at the temperature of 300℃ and the maximum surface hardness was appeared at 1000℃. Higher sintering temperature caused interior cracks, resulting in the decrease in the compressive strength.
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Masanori ARITOMI, Junko TAKANASHI, Shigeki HOSOBUCHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0901-2-1
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The cutter used for asphalt road improvement is cooled by water to keep the edge from overheating and to protect dust pollution. Chemical materials such as mineral oil, which may impact the environment and ecosystem, are included in cooling water for cutting asphalt roads. In this paper, the water generated by cutting asphalt roads was exacted from the asphalt road improvement, and the components including the exacted water were analyzed. The impacts of cutting water on the environment, sewage disposal plants and so on were clarified from the analysis. It is concluded that the development of water treatment system for cutting asphalt road is necessary from the viewpoint of the environmental protection.
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Junko TAKANASHI, Shigeki HOSOBUCHI, Masanori ARITOMI
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0901-2-2
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The cutter used for asphalt road improvement is cooled by water to keep the edge from overheating and to protect dust pollution. Chemical materials such as mineral oil, which may impact the environment and ecosystem, are included in cooling water for cutting asphalt roads. In this paper, a water treatment system, which collects cooling water for cutting asphalt roads, separates the water into sewage and sludge and purifies the sewage, was developed. It is clarified that the cooling water treated by the proposed system can clear away the environment quality standard for drainage.
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Takaaki HASHIMOTO, Akinori TAKEUCHI, Yasukazu HASEGAWA, Hisahiro INOUE
Article type: Article
Session ID: G0901-2-3
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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It is very important to reduce the consumption of heavy oil used for heating and electric power used for ventilation and lighting of green houses from the viewpoints of the environmental and economical problems. Utilizing natural energies is supposed to be one of the practical ways to reduce those energies for green houses. There are many kinds of local natural energies which could be used for green houses. In this report both solar energy and wind energy were preliminarily discussed. These two energies would be useful within the limited range. The practical experiments were also carried out for lighting and the results were discussed.
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Yoshio Yoshikuwa, Haruyuki Kometani, Yoshinori Miyamoto, Masaki Kameya ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: G1001-1-1
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper describes a method of decreasing the electromagnetic vibration and noise level of motors. In order to investigate the factor of the vibration, we measure the vibration level by an experimental apparatus which can set the amount of the eccentricity of the rotor to the stator. The experimental result shows that one of the main factors of noise is the eccentricity which is caused by the inevitable manufacturing tolerances. Then, we propose the method of detecting the eccentricity of the motor by the voltage of each winding. We estimate the voltage change to the eccentricity of each winding by a simple model at first, and measure the relationship between the voltage and the eccentricity. As a result of the experiment, the voltage of each winding changes linearly to the eccentricity and the effectiveness of this method was verified.
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Hiroyuki IWAMOTO, Nobuo TANAKA
Article type: Article
Session ID: G1001-1-2
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper presents an aciWe wave control method of a three dimensional rectangular enclosure and to clarify fundamental properties of the control system. Firstly, a transfer matrix method for the target system is newly introduced to describe the wave dynamics in the enclosure. This is followed by the derivation of feedforward control laws for absorbing reflected waves or eliminating transmitted waves. Then, from a viewpoint of numerical analyses, basic properties of the proposed method is verified. It is found that the transmitted wave eliminating control enables the generation of silent zone, and the reflected wave absorbing control enables the inactivation of acoustical modes in the controlled direction.
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Kaoru OHTAKE
Article type: Article
Session ID: G1001-1-4
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The sound generation by oscillations of structures is one of the important engineering problems. We consider a simply supported beam of circular cross section subjected to a periodic external force. Acoustic power flow is determined, and in the absence of other loss mechanisms, this equals the total rate of work of the external force acting on the elastic beam. In this study, the optimal radius distribution of the beam, which minimizes (or maximizes) the emitted acoustic power flow, is determined.
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Kazuhiro AKANUMA
Article type: Article
Session ID: G1001-2-1
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Aerospace structures are so-called subjected to follower force due to the thrust produced by jet and rocket motor. There forces are nonconservative, and may cause the structures to looses stability by flutter. This paper considers "prototype problem" of Beck's column, which is a cantilevered column subjected to a follower force at its free end. We consider the optimum design problem of determining the mass distribution which maximizes the critical load under the constraint of constant volume of the column. In order to obtain a deeper understanding of the problems which arise when optimizing the continuous model(such as coalescence eigenvalue), we consider a system of articulated rods as an approximation to the continuous column. The aim is the determine how the optimum mass and spring stiffness distribution depends on the number of articulations, and how the eigenvalue branches develop as the number of articulations are increased.
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Satoru KUWAHATA
Article type: Article
Session ID: G1001-2-2
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The present paper is concerned with a flexible beam as a model of a floating breakwater. The aim is to determine the optimum shape design which minimizes the transmitted wave energy (from the incoming waves). The vibration analysis is based on the Galerkin method. The thickness of the beam is described in terms of a Fourier expansion, using the Fourier coefficients as design variables.
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Daisuke Uchiyama, Takayuki MASHIMO, Mitsuo NOTOMI, Haruo SHIMOSAKA
Article type: Article
Session ID: G1001-2-3
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Since there are many earthquakes in Japan, it is necessary to protect a human life and property from the damage. One of for building collapses due to the earthquake that a natural frequency of the building is resonant an earthquake frequency Then, it is important to know the natural frequency of the building. This study was analyzing of the natural frequency of the building by finite element method. Three kinds of models were presented for the analysis. And the vibration modes with the torsional modes were appear. And as the results of with coupling that of experiments Beam and Floor was agreement with the experimental one.
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Tadashi IIJIMA, Koji KIMURA
Article type: Article
Session ID: G1001-2-4
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A design method based on interval estimation for determining the appropriate number of samples for seismic analysis using the Monte Carlo method was developed. The Monte Carlo method requires an appropriate number of samples to produce valid results. However, an increased number of samples might increase in computing cost. It is therefore desirable to determine a reasonable number to give the required accuracy. The developed method with use of interval estimation can determine the relationship between number of samples and the error for mean and standard deviation, which are the dominant parameters that define a probability distribution of seismic responses. Accordingly, the number of samples needed to produce the results with required accuracy can be determined from the relationship. The results of the developed method were compared with those of the Monte Carlo method for elastic and inelastic single-degrees-of-freedom systems. It is demonstrated that the developed method can determine the reasonable number of samples needed to produce the mean and standard deviation of seismic responses with the required accuracy.
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Masamichi KOJIMA, Akinori FUJIYA, Nozomu NUMATA, Toru YAMAZAKI
Article type: Article
Session ID: G1001-2-5
Published: September 12, 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper discusses a new method for SI measurement based on the modal expansion of structural intensity for flexural vibration on beams. Structural intensity is an effective tool to analyze the structural vibration, but has not been put to practical use due to its intrinsic complexity of finite difference error and measuring error. Some numerical simulations are made to reveal the characteristics of structural intensity using modal expansion. Additionally, measuring method using least square method is proposed to reduce the influence of these errors. As a result, it is shown that the measuring method is applicable and the results are effective to analyze the flexural vibration.
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