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Yasuhiro MATSUI, Yoshinori TANAKA, Noriyuki HOSOKAWA, Hideki YONEZAWA
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0201-1-3
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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J-NCAP started to evaluate neck injury protection performance for rear-end collision of cars. In the test protocol, simplified triangle shaped acceleration is applied for the sled device. In the present study, the simplified acceleration effectiveness was validated from the dummy measurements obtained by the simplified acceleration and real-world car acceleration sled tests.
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Daisuke SONOYAMA, Yuji FUJIYAMA, Kazuhiro OBAYASHI, Qiang YU, Junya NO ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0201-1-4
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The progress of CAE technology and the improvement of computer performance enabled dummy readings prediction with high accuracy by full virtual analysis. Meanwhile, increasing number of test configurations in US regulation and NCAPs of side impact makes it difficult to design both BIW and restraint system. To solve this issue, it is important to understand the law of causality regarding dummy readings. Therefore, we applied CAP, Computer Aided Principal, which is a method for finding the indications of how the phenomenon occurs, to the full virtual analysis. The results showed that some interaction exists in the relationship between IIHS and SINCAP regarding dummy readings.
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Keisuke AKASAKI, Tohru HASHIMURA
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0201-1-5
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this paper, the cross-sectional shapes of aluminum hollow extrusions which are excellent for energy absorption performance is developed by FEM analysis and experiment. As a result, average compression stress and energy absorption efficiency of crash-box are improved if its average width-thickness ratio is small and the number of sides is enlarged. In order to reduce the rest of crashed amount, it is effective that the connected angle of adjoined sides is enlarged not to pile up the sides.
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Yasuhiro MOCHIZUKI, Tetsuya NISHIMOTO, Shigeru TOMINAGA, Yuichiro SAKA ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0201-2-1
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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TRISS method derived from logistic model made possible to stochastic assessment of trauma patient casualty. This probability applies the word probability of survival (Ps). This study was to develop the knowledge of Ps on each accident type. A selected data set for the study was based on Japan Trauma Data Bank (JTDB). Ps line was calculated by linearization of logistic model. As a result, bicycle accident has high probability of death in high conscious level.
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Hisashi OHKAWA, Yutaku KANETA, Daisuke SUZUKI, Toshiaki HARA
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0201-2-2
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Studying mechanical behavior of rib cage in traffic accident, 1^<st>-6^<th> costal strains in the center of the inner surface was measured using the porcine thorax subjected to the impact load. The experimental setup applied free falling weight (m=21kg) was used, and falling height was set to 100mm and 200mm. Three specimens were used for each falling height and twice tests were conducted for one specimen. As the result of pectoral compression test, 2^<nd>-6^<th> ribs produced around from 1000 to 7000μ strain, and strain values clearly changed in each test condition. Especially, the maximum strain values in the second compression tests increased 10-30% in comparison with first ones. It is considered that the soft tissues around joints were lengthened. Consequently, thorax injury tolerance was influenced not only rib but joint strength of soft tissues.
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Yasumichi HINO
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0201-2-3
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In Japan, fatal accidents due to falling from height occur frequently every year. Head is main injury region on the fatal accidents, and this kind of accidents makes up 70% to 80% of the total. Drop tests of simplified human model were carried to obtain fundamental data for prevention of head and neck injury due to falling. As a result of this study, HIC values of simplified human model (basic model) tests were the same as the values of head drop tests. However, maximum impact forces were very different. Though the drop tests were carried out from low height, the maximum impact forces were very large. Also, the occurrence times of the maximum values were different.
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Yuji OHUE, Yuan FENG, Kimihiko HATTORI
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0201-2-4
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In order to investigate the influence factors on HIC (Head Injury Criterion) score of attenuation materials used for playground, impact tests were carried out in accordance with ASTM. Four kinds of the commercial attenuation materials were employed for the tests. The apparatus is composed of the missile made from aluminum alloy with a mass of 4.6 kg and a tri-axial accelerometer. The higher the missile was dropped, the more HIC score increased. From the time-frequency analysis, it was obvious that HIC score depended on the natural frequency of the vibration system in collision between the missile and the attenuation material. There is sufficient evidence to suggest that the use of a simple vibration system with a nonlinear spring is beneficial to assess HIC score.
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Yusuke Miyazaki, Kenji Anata, Kazuya Tanji, Hiroshi Tachiya, Akihiro H ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0201-2-5
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Effects of head rotational motion on brain deformation behavior were examined using a head physical model constructed from individual medical images of a head. The model consists of the parts reconstructed the skull, falx, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain, which represents an actual human head shape. Rotational impacts were applied around frontal axis of the model under the conditions in the case that maximum angular acceleration and angular velocity were controlled. As the results of experiments, shear strain in brain part and peak strain between skull and brain surfaces, which assumes strain at bridging veins, correlates strongly with peak change of angular velocity but correlates poorly with maximum angular acceleration which has been often proposed as a head injury criterion in rotational impact. Thus, peak change of angular velocity of a head should be included in the injury criterion in the case that rotational motion of a head occurs.
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Yosuke MIZUNO, Eiiti TANAKA, Sota YAMAMOTO, Koji MIZUNO, Atsushi HARAD ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0201-3-1
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The purpose of this project is to develop new hip pad for hip fracture which is frequently observed among Japanese elderly female. Hip fracture is one of the most important medical problems in Japanese geriatric medicine because it makes a patient difficult to stand and walk, In this study, we evaluated designs of hip pad to prevent hip fracture significantly. We discussed two types of foam materials and various shape of hip pad, and evaluated the effectiveness of those models using FE analysis. We got results that the size of the hole of hip pad has significant effects on fracture prevention.
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Yutaku KANETA, Hisashi OHKAWA, Ihciro KUSAMA, Naoki SASAHARA, Toshiaki ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0201-3-2
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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It is essential to conduct the experimental study using a biological tissue in order to acquire the process information relative to injury mechanism in the traffic accident. In terms of car-pedestrian collision, a number of studies that investigated the effects of vehicle factors on pedestrian leg injury which means impact velocity, vehicle type, and so on have been carried out. However, the effects of pedestrian factors on one's leg injury were seldom investigated in the past. We have performed side impact tests using porcine hind legs and investigated the effects of ground contact that one of the pedestrian factors considered to affect pedestrian leg injury. The ground contact made the maximum shear strain at femoral medial diaphysis increase and the translation motion velocity at femur and tibia following impact decrease. These results showed that the ground contact certainly affects the lower extremity injury.
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Sota YAMAMOTO, Ryota KAWAMATA, Koji MIZUNO, Eiichi TANAKA, Atsushi HAR ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0201-3-3
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Hip fracture is typically observed in fall accidents of elderly, which is a fracture in the femur neck. In our former study, we have evaluated the effects of anthropometry and gate motion of elderly on the risk of hip fracture using a multibody-finite element hybrid model without active protective action. On the other hand, the decrease of the ability of protective action with aging can be a cause of the increase of hip fracture. In this study, we discuss how to take into account active protective action of upper extremity in our multibody-finite element hybrid model and evaluated the effects of protective action on the risk of hip fracture in trip. The results showed only two cases of hip fracture while the previous result showed 8 cases. This suggests protective action may be effective and to keep motility of elderly is important for fracture prevention.
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Takahiko SUGIYAMA, Yuko NAKAHIRA, Masami IWAMOTO
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0201-3-4
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Braced conditions of occupants during pre-impact term might affect their impact responses and injury outcomes. To investigate effects of the activated muscles, we developed an occupant FE model with 3-D muscular elements. The model includes 266 muscles of whole body which could generate contraction forces. Additionally, the muscle models could represent changes of their shape and stiffness which depend on their activation levels. We also conducted a volunteer test to estimate physiological conditions of a braced volunteer. Activation levels of the muscle models were estimated based on the experimental data. Predicted reaction forces on a pedal, a steering, and seats reasonably agreed with those of the experimental data. Frontal impact analyses using the occupant model showed differences of the reaction forces, contact forces on joints, stress distributions on bones between braced and relaxed conditions.
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Hikaru SHINGAI, Kazuhiro NAKASHIMA, Yoshinori SAWAE, Teruo MURAKAMI
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0204-1-1
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The influence of protein on friction of artificial cartilage material has been investigated to improve the friction and wear property. In this study the influence of secondary structure of adsorbed protein on friction was evaluated in a reciprocating friction tester. As a result, coefficient of friction depended on the ratio of content of β-sheet structure to that of random coil. It is supposed that the secondary structure of adsorbed protein is effective to control friction of PVA hydrogel.
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Seido YARIMITSU, Kazuhiro NAKASHIMA, Yoshinori SAWAE, Teruo MURAKAMI
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0204-1-2
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The aim of this study is to investigate the influences of deformation behavior on frictional properties of articular cartilage. The articular cartilage and PVA (Poly (vinyl alcohol)) hydrogel as artificial cartilage material were used as rubbing materials against glass plate for reciprocating friction test. Both cartilage and PVA hydrogel showed the time-dependent increase of friction coefficient and contact area, and cartilage showed low friction and the gradual increase of contact area compared to PVA hydrogel. However, after loading for 1h and unloading for 5 min, both cartilage and PVA hydrogel showed the insufficient recovery of deformation and increase of initial friction. These results indicated that the deformation behavior influences on the frictional behavior of articular cartilage.
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Kouhei Oda, Keisuke Yamada, Ken Yamamoto, Naohide Tomita
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0204-1-3
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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We have proposed "Rise-to-Peak time" as the index of probe leaning in ultrasound measurement of articular cartilage. It was suggested that automatic amplitude correction using the "Rise-to-Peak time" are available to decrease measurement error. The aim of this study is to evaluate the availability of the method in the measurement of cartilage sites that have different surface properties. The effect of surface roughness and curvature on echo amplitude and the "Rise-to-Peak time" was investigated. The "Rise-to-Peak time" is defined as time interval between the rise of first peak and the positive peak next to the minimum peak of echo. Relationship between the "Rise-to-Peak time" and probe leaning was measured. Surface roughness and curvature of reflection surface increased the "Rise-to-Peak time", however the relative slope of the effects compared with that on the leaning of ultrasound probe were lower than that for the echo amplitude. Thus, the "Rise-to-Peak time" is expected to be more reliable indication for the leaning of ultrasound probe.
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Takashi MATUDA, Koji MORI, Kohe NISHITANI, Masahiko KOBAYAHSI, Yasuaki ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0204-1-4
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Osteoarthritis of the knee is deeply related to the degeneration of articular cartilage. In this study, the evaluation method for the degeneration by use of light scattering and absorption characteristic of articular cartilage was proposed. As light sources, three LED with wavelengths of 365nm, 540nm and 630nm were used. The specimen harvested from porcine knee joint, were digested by collagenase and hyaluronidase to degenerated artificially. At three light sources, there was significant difference between intact and degenerated specimen of collagenase group. This suggests that the optical characteristic mainly depends on the collagen fibril of articular cartilage. The sensitivity of optical measurements is low compared with that of ultrasound. Since optical path runs though deep layer of articular cartilage, it suggests that., this evaluation can investigate the inner properties of articular cartilage.
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Masaomi MIYASHITA, Yusuke MORITA, Eiji NAKAMACHI
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0204-1-5
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between electric impedance and water status of articular cartilage. Cartilage specimens harvested from porcine knee joints were treated by collagenase solution to digest collagen fibrils and by hyaluronidase solution to digest proteoglycan. According to electric impedance measurement and compressive test, the electric impedance and the compressive stiffness for both groups decreased with treatment time, and the electric impedance showed a significant positive relation with the compressive stiffness. Water content for the collagenase group increased with treatment time, whereas that for the hyaluronidase group did not change with treatment time. The electric impedance and the compressive stiffness for the hyaluronidase group decreased with increasing permeability due to digestion of proteoglycan, and those for the collagenase group decreased with increasing water content and permeability. It is suggested that the electric impedance is not only water content but also permeability of articular cartilage.
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Nozomu ASANO, Kazuhiro FUJISAKI, Shigeru TADANO
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0204-1-6
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Intervertebral disc is constructed of nucleus pulposus (NP) and anulus fibrosus (AF). Intervertebral tissue contains a large amount of negatively-charged proteoglycan. When the tissue deforms, streaming potential is induced by liquid flow with positive ion. In this study, the relationship between streaming potential and applied stress in the bovine intervertebral tissue is investigated under confined compression. Column shaped specimens of 5.5 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness were prepared from several tissue of AF, NP and anulus - nucleus transition (AN) region. The loading direction of each specimen was oriented for spinal axial direction, and furthermore, circumferential and radial direction of spine in AF specimens. Although streaming potential was linearity increased by compressive stress in all specimens, linear coefficients k_e were different values in the tissue extracted region. Expect the case of axial loading of NP specimen, k_e showed higher values in faster compression rate condition. In the case of cyclic compression loading, streaming potential was linearly changed with compressive stress values regardless of tissue and load frequency. The linear coefficient k_e was not changed by cyclic number and loading time increases. The coefficient K_e at axial loading of NP specimen which had the highest proteoglycan density showed the highest value in the intervertebral specimens.
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Nobumasa HAYASHI, Yusuke KAMBE, Koji YAMAMOTO, Katsura KOJIMA, Yasushi ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0204-2-1
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Chondrocyte-material adhesion plays an essential role in cartilage synthesis, and it is important to evaluate the adhesion quantitatively. In this study, we measured the adhesive force between chondrocytes and two types of Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS)-containing silk fibroin substrates: RGDS-transgenic fibroin (RTF) in which a tandem repeat of RGDS sequence was genetically interfused in the fibroin light chain; and RGDS-mixed fibroin (RMF) which is a mixture of wild-type fibroin (WTF) and commercial RGDS peptides. The results showed that chondrocytes grown on the RTF substrate exhibited higher force than those grown on the WTF substrate, however, there were no significant differences between the WTF and RMF groups. Considering that the integrin β1 mRNA expression level showed the same tendency as the adhesive force in comparison among the three groups, integrin-mediated biological interactions can be predominant in changes in chondrocyte adhesive force. This theory is also supported by the results that the introduction of RGDS had no effects on the surface properties of the fibroin substrates and that chondrocyte attachment to the RGDS-containing fibroin substrates was inhibited by the addition of RGDS peptides to the medium.
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Ryosuke NANSAI, Mamoru OGATA, Norimasa NAKAMURA, Hiromichi FUJIE
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0204-2-2
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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We have been developing a method of cartilage repair by means of a stem cell-based tissue engineered construct (TEC). The present study was performed to determine the coefficient of friction of cartilage-like tissue repaired with TEC. Amass of TEC was implanted into a cylindrically-shaped chondro defect created on the bearing surface of porcine femoral cartilage. Immediately and 60s after the application of compressive force, the coefficient of friction of the TEC-treated tissue was slightly decreased with the increase of load. Although, the coefficient of friction was significantly higher in the TEC-untreated tissue than in the normal cartilage immediately after the application of compressive load, no significant difference was observed as regard with coefficient of friction between the TEC-treated tissue and normal cartilage in all the conditions.
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Kazuhiro Nakashima, Akihisa Baba, Yoshinori Sawae, Teruo Murakami
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0204-2-3
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Hybrid artificial cartilage that has condrocyte and extra-cellular matrix (ECM) on uppermost surface was developed in this study. Hybrid artificial cartilage was produced from Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel as base material and condrocyte which generates ECM to maintain low friction and wear. To solve a problem of a lack of condrocyte adhesion on PVA hydrogel, fibrinogen and hyaluronic acid adsorbed film was applied on PVA hydrogel surface. Number of adhesive condrocyte and structure of generated ECM were investigated in a fluorescent microscope. It was observed that enough number of condrocytes existed on PVA hydrogel as much as condrocytes in natural articular cartilage. Friction property of hybrid artificial cartilage was investigated in a reciprocating tester. Low friction was maintained over sliding distance of 14m.
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Kiyoshi MABUCHI, Yuya HIRAKI, Kensei TANAKA, Rina SAKAI, Sunao NISHIUR ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0204-2-4
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Fluid film lubrication is necessary for sufficient durability of metal on metal total hip prostheses. The radial clearance is an important design factor for fluid film formation. Optimization in size of the clearance, however, requires high level of surface accuracy, including roughness, roundness, and sphericity. In the present study, we made a ball and a cup of Co-Cr-Mo alloy with the surface accuracy as high as possible. The radii of the specimen were 31.985 mm at the cup and 31.948 mm at the ball. The clearance was 18.5 μm. The lubricating ability was evaluated by a friction test using a pendulum machine. The frictional coefficient was measured as the mean 0.143 SD 0.001 under the conditions of the load of 600 N and the lubricant of saline solution. This value was similar to that of polyethylene ball on metal cup of clearance 50 μm but rather higher than that of an alumina/alumina specimen of clearance 17μm.
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Kotaro IWAO, Hidehiko HIGAKI, Takeshi SHIMOTO, Yoshitaka SHIRAISHI, Hi ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0204-2-5
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This study investigated the contact pressure and rotation moment by loading of the femoral component and polyethylene insert in internal/external rotation. Five posterior stabilized prosthesis designs were tested to study using an artificial knee joint simulator. The contact pressure and rotational moment were measured at four flexion angle (0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees) and five axial tibial rotations (0 degrees, 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees and 20 degrees) under the applied loads of 1200N. With an internally rotated tibia, the contact pressure increased significantly and the rotation moment decreased significantly at high flexion. Additionally, Edge loading was found at the polyethylene insert at 20 degrees of tibial rotation. The design and stability with high adaptability in an excessive flexion rotation seem to be necessary.
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Mitsutaka OHNO, Mitsugu TODO, Hidehiko HIGAKI, Hiromasa MIURA, Ryuji N ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0204-2-6
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A virtual knee simulator which is a computational model of experimental knee simulator has been developed by using the finite element method. The simulator consists of a knee joint model constructed from CT and MRI images, a PS type knee prosthesis model and mechanical parts. Body force of 300 N and a time-dependent tension forces were applied to the pelvis, the quadriceps femoris muscle and the hamstrings, respectively. Finite element analysis of the model was then performed and a high knee flexional motion with the maximum flexional angle of 125 deg was successfully produced. However, excess translation of patella still existed. Therefore, the tension force of the quadriceps femoris muscle and the Young's modulus of the patella tendon and the quadriceps femoris were adjusted to obtain a reasonable movement of patella. As a result, the behavior of the patellofemoral joint was improved and the maximum flexion angle of the knee joint was increased up to 140 deg.
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Yuko KITAZAWA, Kyohei TERAO, Ryuji YOKOKAWA, Atsuhito OKONOGI, Isaku K ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0207-2-1
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper presents a novel technique of positioning heterotypic cells using electroosmotic flow (EOF). Positioning heterotypic cells is a key technique toward the development of single cell analysis. Several techniques for positioning cells have been developed, such as using dielectrophoresis and physical trapping in microchannel. These techniques, however, require additional methods for subsequent biological experiments after arraying cells. In this study, we demonstrated the positioning of two kinds of cells at designated pocket-like microstructures. In this method, cells were positioned using multi-directional EOF in open-to-air flow chamber which would allow easy handling for further biological experiments. After positioning heterotypic cells, we cultivated them and observed cell-cell interactions via gap junctions by the transfer of a fluorescent dye.
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Yoshitaka NAKANISHI, Taketoshi MARUI, Hiromasa MIURA, Kousuke KATAYAMA ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0207-2-2
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Arthroscopic surgery has become increasingly common in recent years. In this surgical technique, the visual field is extremely limited and the degrees of freedom in operation are lower than that in open surgery. An immature surgical technique could run the risk of damaging articular cartilage and causing other complications, and there only a few reported systems for the objective evaluation of surgical skills in arthroscopic surgery training programs. We propose a training system for arthroscopic surgery using a newly developed box trainer, which is believed to provide more efficient training for surgeons. The box trainer has ten kinds of training exercises. Each task is aimed at training specific skills required for arthroscopic surgery, using simple geometrical shapes or realistic anatomical shapes. The box trainer is controlled by a microcomputer and is able to inform trainees of score, working time and the number of errors. Trainees are notified with a beep alarm when errors are performed. Knee models are fabricated for these tasks using anatomical information from a magnetic resonance imaging knee data set and a 3D reconstruction algorithm with computer-aided manufacturing .
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Tamotsu Murakami, Yuki Hamasaki, Jun Oda
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0207-2-3
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Autologous-bone-replaceable artificial bones made of bioresorbable materials (e.g., β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)) are degraded and resorbed, i.e., replaced with autologous bone, when placed inside the human body. Although such autologous-bone replaceability requires high porosity to promote the ingression of blood vessels and cells, the high porosity reduces the mechanical strength. Artificial bone with a porosity distribution may be one way of solving this problem. In this paper, the authors propose a solid freeform fabrication method using electrolysis for controlling the foaming. The authors created three samples with different porosity and a sample with porosity distribution using the method and confirm the efficacy and potential of the proposed approach.
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Kazuma KOMATSU, Shunsuke GOMI, Shinji FUKUMOTO, Katsuko FURUKAWA, Taka ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0207-2-4
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Tissue engineering has been applied to the stent and the scaffold for bone regeneration. The stent and the scaffold require to more accurate modeling. This study aimed to build the rapid prototyping process and development of the scaffold. Experiments showed the optimum values of parameters which affect the modeling of DPCA . Under the condition of these parameters, DPCA stent was fabricated. Strength of the stent was comparable to those of metal stents. Consequently, it was suggested that DPCA stent has a plausible potential for medical application.
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Toshiki NIINO, Shunsuke OIZUMI, Hiromichi NARUKE, Daisuke HAMAJIMA, Ya ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0207-2-5
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Fabrication of very porous scaffold for regeneration of organs with high metabolic rate is reported. Polycaprolactone (PCL) powder was mixed with sodium chloride powder and SLS (Selective Laser Sintering) processed to develop an object including fine flow channel network. This sinter was rinsed with water to desolve the salt, and a high porosity of 90% was successfully obtained. In addition, unsintered powder in the channels was effectively removed owing to disappearance of the filler. Through micro-CT observation, it was confirmed that channels of which diameter was smaller than 1mm were fabricated. Cell culture test using human hepatoma cells was performed and advantage of using this scaffold was shown. Hydroilizing treatment with oxygen plasma was performed, and its effect is tested by cell culture of endothelial cells.
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Kenichi Arai, Kumiko Yamaguchi, Shintaroh Iwanaga, Satoru Ito, Noriaki ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0207-2-6
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Masashi YOSHIDA, Masayoshi AKIYAMA
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0301-1-1
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A tensile test up to 10% have been performed of an iron polycrystalline plates and strain distribution has been investigated using the digital image correlation analysis. Lattice rotation after the tensile test has been measured by electron beam back-scattering pattern analysis (EBSP). Large deformation gradient has been observed in some grains. Lattice rotation associated with the deformation gradients has been investigated and it has been found that the norm of the rotation is larger than the magnitude of strain being different from the lattice rotation model caused by slip.
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Motoki TERANO, Kazuhiko KITAMURA, Ryo MATSUMOTO, Yoshito MIZUNO
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0301-1-2
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The extruded bar of magnesium alloy has growth of crystallographic texture and plastic anisotropy. The more precise mechanical properties of magnesium alloy at the different temperatures are needed to achieve higher-accuracy FE analysis for advanced forming. In this paper, the influence of plastic anisotropy on compressive stress-strain curve and metal flow of AZ31B magnesium alloy was estimated by using the small-cube compression test at the temperatures of 20, 150, 250, and 400℃ in r-, θ-, and z- directions. In the small-cube compression test, the maximum strain ratios of ε_θ/ε_z= 11 and ε_r/ε_z= 10-11 were measured at 100-200℃.
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Kousuke OKADA, Ichiro SHIMIZU, Naoya TADA
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0301-1-3
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The deformation twinning of magnesium alloys is known to induce compressive fracture at room temperature. However, the formability in multi-axial compressive stress conditions has scarcely been investigated, nevertheless their importance for plastic working processes such as forging and extrusion. In the present study, biaxial compressive plastic behavior and compressive forming limit of AZ31 magnesium alloy at room temperature were investigated using a unique biaxial compression testing machine. The uniaxial and biaxial compression tests along proportional strain paths were conducted, and thus the influence of strain path upon the mechanical properties and the forming limit were discussed. The compressive forming limit indicated clear strain path dependency. It was also found that the forming limit was influenced by the plastic anisotropy. The adaptability of the typical forming limit criterion to the compressive forming limit was also discussed.
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Kenji KANEKO, Ryo CHIBA
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0301-1-4
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Such structures as airplane, pressure vessel, building and so on, are subjected to cyclic loading and abrupt load because of earth quick and so on. So, it is very important to know inelastic constitutive equations of such structural metals to confirm safety in strength.In this study, inelastic behavior of SUS316 stainless steel under combined axial with torsional stresses is investigated experimentally. Influences of loading direction and cyclic preloading on both viscosity stress and strain aging are analyzed theoretically based on the Two-Factor constitutive concept which means the overstress concept including aging effect. It is found that viscosity stress and strain aging do not depend on loading direction and establish a relationship with cyclic preloading.
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Kenji KANEKO, Yuki FURUYA
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0301-1-5
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The polymeric material is used in fields such as electricity and electronic parts. However, the polymeric material is inferior in rigidity, strength, and temperature property to metallic material, and it is difficult to analyze the deformation of polymer. So, it is not used in fields such as structure. If the deformation characteristic of various environments and the load conditions are clarified, the usage of polymer in structural material is expected to expand because of processability, cheapness, recyclable. In general, the research under the simple stress is done, but the resarch under a biaxial stress is not done in polymeric material. In this study, polypropylene is chosen as test piece, to examine transforming behavior under the biaxial stress. The aim of this study is to construct the constitutive model.
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Ryota KUSAKABE, Kenji KANEKO
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0301-1-6
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this paper, mechanical ratcheting of S25C steel under steady axial stress and cyclic shear load is investigated experimentally. The amount of the increasing ratcheting strain is formulated precisely as the function of the steady stress, the cyclic strain amplitude and number of cycle. The presented equations are available for the cases with changes in a steady stress and cyclic strain amplitude on the mechanical ratcheting conditions..
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Masamichi KAWAI, Takashi KOGURE, Takafumi SUZUKI
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0301-2-1
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Ratcheting behavior of a unidirectional carbon/epoxy (CFRP) laminate under off-axis cyclic loading conditions at high temperature has been examined with a particular emphasis on its load-waveform and fiber-orientation dependence. Development of an engineering model for describing the off-axis ratcheting in unidirectional composites has also been attempted. First, off-axis ratcheting tests are performed on coupon specimens with different fiber orientation angles of 30, 45 and 90°, respectively, under different asymmetric cyclic loading conditions with stress ratios of 0 and 0.5. Experimental results show that the off-axis ratcheting strain accumulates more as the stress ratio of cyclic loading, thus the mean stress level, becomes larger, regardless of the fiber orientation. It is also found that the off-axis ratcheting is similar to the off-axis creeping in the unidirectional CFRP laminate in its stress, time and fiber-orientation dependence. It is demonstrated that the engineering ratcheting model proposed in this study allows adequately predicting the off-axis ratcheting behavior of the unidirectional CFRP laminate for different stress ratios as well as for different fiber orientations.
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Satoshi Kobayashi, Keita Takada, Dong-Yeul Song
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0301-2-2
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In the present study, effect of molding conditions on the mechanical properties of bamboo rayon fiber reinforced Poly (lactic acid) were investigated. An intermediate material was fabricated using micro-braiding technique to obtain good impregnation of matrix into bamboo rayon yarns. Tensile, shear and crushing tests were conducted on the specimen fabricated to measure mechanical properties. Experimental results indicated that molding temperature of 190℃ improved the properties. Molding temperature and pressure had less effect on the mechanical propertis.
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Akinori YAMANAKA, Tsuyoshi KAWANISHI, Masahiko YOSHINO
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0301-2-3
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this study, we investigate the formation of plastically deformed microstructure in a single crystal copper during micro-indentation tests. The micro-indentation tests of single crystal copper specimens were conducted by using a knife edge tool made of diamond. In order to reveal the plastic deformation behavior of the single crystal copper specimen, the crystal orientation around the indented groove was analyzed by SEM-EBSD and the dislocation microstructure in the specimen was observed by high-voltage transmission microscope (HVTEM). Through these experiments, the crystal rotation behavior and the dense dislocation-cell structure in the specimen were clarified.
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Masashi KUROSE, Kiyoaki HASUMI, Tetsushi KABURAGI, Takao NOGUCHI, Yosh ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0301-2-4
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Recently, Polymer and injection-molded foam processing are widely used in many industries. In these cases, the molding conditions are very important. We reported the flow process, temperature distribution, stress distribution and warpage by FEM simulations and experiment in several inject conditions. Especially, injection gates arrangement which is the one of the most molding conditions that is investigated on the influence of molten resin flow up to the cavity. Therefore, in the experiment we made a visual Mold and Die Set that researched on epoxy resin flow by image analysis used it. As a result, it is important to reduce the warpage that the number of gates for injection molding is as many as possible or the Die and Mold temperature makes maintain in around glass transition temperature of used materials.
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Shun SATO, Mitsuhiro KIBE, Kazuto ABE, Hiroshi ASANUMA
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0404-1-1
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper describes the effect of humidity on the shape of the active laminate. It was made by hot-pressing of an aluminum plate as a high CTE material, a unidirectional CFRP prepreg as a low CTE material and an electric resistance heater, a unidirectional GFRP prepreg as an insulator between them and copper foils as electrodes. In this study, it was clarified that the curvature of the active laminate is increased by moisture absorption, and the saturated value is dependent on the environment. In addition, the curvature change is found to be repeatable in the experimental range.
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Satoshi KISHIMOTO, Toru SHIMIZU, Kimiyshi NAITO, Fuxing YIN
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0404-1-2
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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A metallic closed cellular material containing polymer has been fabricated. Metallic closed cellular materials containing polymer were then fabricated. The compressive tests were carried out to measure the mechanical properties of these materials. The results showed that these metallic closed cellular materials have different strength among the specimens that containing different polymers. Shock absorbability of this material was measured.
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Toshihiko KOMATSUZAKI, Hiromichi KINOSHITA, Yoshio IWATA, Kokichi OGAW ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0404-1-3
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Magneto-rheological (MR) materials belong to a class of functional materials whose rheological properties are varied by external magnetic field. The Magneto-rheological elastomers (MREs) are thought of as a new type of MR materials following on from MR fluids, where the micron-sized magnetic particles are dispersed in rubber-like matrix that can avoid the sedimentation problem. In this study, mechanical properties of an MRE composed of ferrite particles and soft silicone elastomer is investigated experimentally. It is known through static and dynamics tests that both the damping and the stiffness properties can be varied by the applied magnetic field.
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Yuya IIDA, Wataru NAKAO
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0404-1-4
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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New self-healing argents instead of SiC were investigated in the present study. Mo-Al, Nb-Al, Ti-Al alloys were determined to be suitable for self-healing material, based on Clarke number, melting point and oxidation behavior obtained from many references. The oxidation kinetics of Mo-Al, Nb-Al, Ti-Al alloys were also estimated by means of TG-DTA analysis. All the peak-temperatures of the alloy's oxidations were 〜300℃ lower than that of SiC. Furthermore, TiAl particle exhibited lower activation energy of its oxidation than SiC particle and were bonded strongly to alumina by the oxidation heat. Thus, TiAl particle was determined to be the most attractive candidate for new healing argent.
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Hisashi SATO, Takayuki NISHIURA, Yuichi KUBOTA, Eri MIURA-FUJIWARA, Yo ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0404-1-5
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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When metallic materials are severely deformed only on its surface, deformation-induced layer is often formed. The deformation layer has very fine microstructure and high hardness. In this study, formation behavior of deformation-induced layer in Fe-Ni alloy by shot peening and sliding wear was investigated. The deformation-induced layer formed by sliding wear has only austenite phase and fine microstructure. On the other hand, the deformation layer induced by shot peening has small grains and consists of both austenite and martensite phases. It is considered that the difference of these microstructures between shot-peened specimen and worn specimen comes from surface temperature generated during deformation. Moreover, there is no dependence of initial microstructure on the microstructure of deformation-induced layer. From the obtained results, it is found that the microstructure of the deformation-induced layer depends on the deformation method.
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Kun'ichi MIYAZAWA, Kayoko HOTTA, Ryoei KATO
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0404-2-1
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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C_<60> nanowhiskers were synthesized by use of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) containing different small amounts of water. The stability of C_<60> nanowhiskers in solution was markedly influenced by the water content and became less stable with increasing the water content. This phenomenon was confirmed by use of D_2O as well as H_2O. The Raman spectra of the C_<60> nanowhiskers prepared by use of the water-added IPA showed the spectra similar to those of the C_<60> nanowhiskers that were well dried in vacuum.
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Akira MURAKAMI, Yasubumi FURUYA, Akifumi OMORI, Masanori YOKOYAMA, His ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0404-2-2
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Developments of Pb-free solder-tip components which have excellent fracture strength properties and corrosion resistance in comparison with those of conventional Cu-based tips are required. In the present study, we fabricated sintered metallic glass composite materials combined with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for Pb-free solder tip components, and properties of the sintered composite materials were evaluated. CNTs were added to improve thermal properties. Ni particles were also added to the composite materials to improve solder wettability. Bending strength of aNi-added and CNT-free composite material was higher than that of a composite material without Ni and CNT additions. Bending strength of a 0.5 wt.% CNT added composite material was also higher than that of the composite material without Ni and CNT additions. However, the bending strength was decreased by 1.0 wt.% CNT addition. Through the fracture surface observations, it was deduced that suppression of segregation of CNTs will be effective in improving fracture strength properties.
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Kiyoshi Mizuuchi, Yasuyuki Agari, Yoshiaki Morisada, Masami Sugioka, M ...
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0404-2-3
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Diamond-particle-dispersed-aluminum (Al) matrix composites were fabricated in continuous solid-liquid co-existent state by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) process from the mixture of diamond powders, pure Al powders and Al-5mass%Si alloy powders. The microstructures and thermal conductivities of the composites fabricated were examined. These composites were all well consolidated by heating at a temperature range between 798K and 876K for 156ks during SPS process. No reaction at the interface between the diamond particle and the Al matrix was observed by scanning electron microscopy for the composites fabricated under the sintering conditions employed in the present study. The relative packing density of the diamond-Al composite fabricated was 99% or higher in a volume fraction range of diamond between 45% and 50%. Thermal conductivity of the diamond-Al composite containing 50 vol.% diamond reached 552W/mK, approximately 95% the theoretical thermal conductivity estimated using Maxwell-Eucken's equation. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the composites fell in the upper line of Kemer model, indicating strong bonding between the diamond particle and the Al matrix in the composite.
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Hiroyuki MIKI, Takanori TAKENO, Hiroyuki SHIOTA, Toshiyuki TAKAGI
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0404-2-4
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) is expected as medical devises utilizing the shape memory effect. However, release of the Ni ions from the TiNi SMA into the human body is one of the critical issues because Ni ions induce allergetic reaction. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating is one of the expected materials that can prevent the release and reaction of such ions. Fatigue strength to endure cyclic bending of the SMA substrate is required to use DLC as coating materials onto NiTi. Although conventional DLC coating is very brittle and has a week adhesive strength on metallic substrate, the way of addition metal into a DLC matrix is one of the possibilities to achieve good adhesiveness and bending flexibility. In this study, the fatigue strength of tungsten-containing DLC coating on SMA plate was investigated. DLC was deposited on a SMA plate by radio-frequency chemical vapor deposition (RFCVD) and also co-sputtering of metal target. The fatigue strength of DLC has been characterized by applying 1% shape memory deformation. In the result, no cracks and interface delamination were observed up to 10^4 cycles.
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Naoki KATAOKA, Atsushi IWASAKI
Article type: Article
Session ID: J0404-3-1
Published: September 04, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This research is about the influence on the diagnostic accuracy via the statistical damage diagnosis method called the SI-F method. SI-F method diagnoses existence of the damage by detecting the change of correlation between sensors. Therefore, fluctuation of the sensor value with some correlation is required caused by the external force. However, since the external force is weak, the correlation between sensors become low and when the noise could be cause the decrease of diagnostic accuracy at that condition. But, if the structure is vibrated by the natural frequency even the weak load, correlation intensity may increase. Then in this paper, different sizes of load and vibration frequency including the natural frequency is loaded to the piping structure and of the influence amplitude of the load (the SN rate) to the diagnostic accuracy is experimentally investigated
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