The discipline of sport administration proposes to raise the quality of sport life and to creatively develop sport culture. In building and systemizing sport administration theories, it is necessary to understand the intrinsic value of sport life. The purposes of this paper are to present patterns of sport life, and to examine a sport administration body that supports an active sport life, based on critical consideration of the socialization of sport life by referring to way of life studies in the social sciences. The main findings can be summarized as follows: 1. Sport life is defined as the course of satisfying wants and needs for sport repeatedly and continuously. Therefore sport life is dassi.fied into four patterns in a method for satisfying wants. Patterns I and II are self-sufficient sport life, Patterns III and IV are sport life that is carried out mostly by a sport management body. 2. A desire for sport and life competence of 'seikatsusha' declines with the socialization of sport life. Furthermore, this has a negative influence on the creation of a sport culture and orgpnizing sport communities. 3. In order to restrain the negative influences that the socialization of sport life exerts, it is necessary to promote cooperation of sport life. The cooperative movement of 'sport seikatsusha' certainly becomes an important social sector that creates an alternative way of sport life. The discipline of sport asministration needs to promote interdisciplinary interaction with the sociology of sport and sport pedagogy in studying a sport environment that supports an active sport life for all people.

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Recently, leadership has been drawing attention in various fields such as business, education, sports, and so on. Also in competitive sports groups, the structure of systematic management is needed in order to attain the object of the system. Leadership is one of the important requisites in team management, and it relates to morality, performance, degree of satisfaction, and that of growth. In the field of sports science, the essence of leadership peculiar to the sports group is expected to be clarified. Moreover, the leadership function appropriate to each group should be examined and proved. The purpose of this study is to clarify the contents and functions of leader activities in sports. 442 students at Japan Women's College of Physical Education, 178 of which were members of individual sports club and 264 were those of team sports ones, were examined on 40 items of LEADERSHIP SCALE FOR SPORTS by Chelladurai and 10 items concerning the degree of satisfaction. The results were analyzed using factor analysis, multivariate statistical by regressions, and tests of significance (Anova, Ryan method, and T-test). Conclusions are as follows: 1. The specific factor structure of leadership in sports groups was clarified. Besides, it was shown that the leadership activities which determine "satisfaction with leadership" and "satisfaction with personal outcome" for members of athletic clubs are characterized and their functions are specified. 2. It being clear that leadership activities in each group vary with sports events and characteristics of the members, and the activities defining the above satisfaction work peculiar to each group, individual functions in each sports group was identified. In view of these results, the objective of this study was carried out. That is the contents of leadership in competitive sports groups were specified, and the peculiarity of leadership according to the characteristics of the objective group caused by the distinctive contents and functions of the leadership in such sports groups was clearly pointed out.

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The development of community sports clubs which produce innovation in the community sport environment is an important topic in our country. Formally, we have presented an organizing process model for community sports clubs dependant on the theory of social movements. This model tried to clarify an organizing process of community sports clubs as a movement, gradually influenced by constructive factors, psychological factors, and resource factors in community. However, a promotion factor that would influence the progress of each phase in this model could not be examined. The intentional promotion factor offered an interesting point of view in examining the roles of public administration for sport in organizing clubs. This study focused on the behaviors of staff members in local boards of education as an intentional promotion factor in such a process. The purposes of this study were to determine the dimensions of staff members' behavior in the organizing process of the organizing phase. The data were collected by mail questionnaires from 130 management members (except administrators) of 13 clubs that were established through the support of public administration. Management members were presented 39 items about the behaviors of a staff member in local boards of education and 5 items about club organization. The results were obtained by applying factor analysis and simple regression analysis. The main findings were; 1) In the organizing process of community sports clubs, the behavioral dimensions of staff members in local boards of education consisted of eight factors; coordination, getting support, setting discussion, activating discussion, accumulating credit, consideration, performance emphasis, and information. 2.) It was confirmed that many behavioral dimensions had a great influence on an aspect of personal issue perception into common issue perception, and an aspect of common issue perception into change intention, There might be systematic and reciprocal relationships among behaviors in these aspects. These results suggest differences in effectiveness of the behaviors in each organizing phase and the importance of "timely support" for club organization. In particular, behaviors according to the time of common issue perception was important.

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The purpose of this study was to examine some dimensions determining managerial behaviors of physical education managers in elementary schools. Further, this study also aimed to analyze the elements influencing on managerial behaviors and the relationship between managerial behaviors and management results of physical education. The questionnaire was distributed to a thousand of physical education managers in elementary schools from January to February in 1998. Four hundred sixty-one usable questionnaire were returned, resulting in a response rate of 46. 1%. 1) Factor analysis showed that managerial behaviors of physical education managers in elementary schools were defined by eight kinds of dimensions; initiative of innovation, networking, understanding of school children, information management, supervision of job accomplishment, projects management, improvement of facilities, expressing myself. 2) The degrees of managerial behaviors of physical education managers in elementary schools were influenced highly by the number of years appointed physical education managers in elementary schools of work at present and the number of teachers in the physical education section. 3) As the results of multiple regression analysis, the management results of physical education correlated closely with networking,improvement of facilities and understanding of school children.

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