What kinds of influencies on the sport team does the leader's behavior have? This problem makes us reserch the sport team in terms of a Situational Leadership Thoary (SL Thoary). SL Theary emphasizes the relationship between an effective style of leader's behavior and the level of maturity of one's followers. We focus on the "Initiating Structure" in various categories of leader's behavior. And we define the "Initiating Structure" as the leader's endeavor to establish well-defined and well-devised training procedures of a sport team which help one's followers perfom their aims. The purpose of this paper is to identify how the effect of leader's "Initiating Structure" vary with the level of maturity of one's followers. Our hypothesis is that "Initiating Structure" decrease the uncertainty of expectancy and enhance the intrinsic satisfaction of followers in the low-maturity group, but that in the high-maturity group, followers continue the team-activity with high level of expectancy and intrinsic satisfaction however less the "Initiating Structure" is, and a great amount of "Initiating Structure" trouble mature followers and enhance the conflict. The survey was done in July, 1988. Main results were described below, which were sampled 42 basket-ball teams (614 menbers) in junior high schools and high schools 1) "Initiating Structure" had positive correlation with both expectancy and intrinsic satisfaction significantly in the low-maturity group. And the members of the high-maturity group had always high level of expectancy and intrinsic satisfaction with no relation to "Initiating Structure". 2) It seemed that a great amount of "Initiating Structure" had an effect on the conflict resolution in the high-maturity group.

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体育・スポーツ経営体における管理者の管理行動(対面的な影響力の行使と対状況に関わる意思決定)は,組織の活動を方向づけ,組織成果の向上に寄与する直接的な条件である。管理者は,自らを取り巻く種々の状況を解釈・判断し,経営条件の整備に努め,それを経営成績に結びつけていかなければならない。本稿は,こうした管理者の根本的な役割に着目し,具体的には,優れた体育管理者は,管理行動と業務遂行をめぐる状況との動態的な関係の中から描かれる,という当初の仮定のもとに,両者の適合的な関係を明らかにすることを目的とした。学校の体育管理者である体育主任と,それ以外の体育科教員を分析対象とし,階層的重回帰法を適用して検討を行った。その結果,まず,管理者評価に対しては,管理行動の主効果が極めて大きく,いかなる状況においても,有能な管理者であるためには,意欲的に管理行動を行使し続けなければならない。ただし,管理者評価への寄与の度合は,基礎的管理よりも発展的管理のほうが大きい。次に,部分的にではあるが,管理行動と職務特性の優位な交互作用効果が検出され,両者の複合的な影響が,管理者の有能さを左右することが明らかになった。特に,職務の自律性・曖昧性及び境界関係性の変動に対応できるか否かが,有能さの説明に有効である。最後に,管理者自身よりもその他の成因の方が,管理者による状況適合的行動の重要性を認識している。体育管理者といえども,状況への敏感さと行動様式の工夫が要求されている。

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The purposes of the present study are threefold: (1) To examine the adaptability of life-style concept to the field of sport management, especially sport marketing research. (2) To examine the adequacy of life-style concept as the base of market segmentation in the field of sport marketing research. (3) To type sport consumer by the theory and the technique of life-style segmentation.The AIO (Activities, Interests, and Opinions) approach is used to operationalize the life-style concept. Questionnaires containing 51 AIO statements are administered to a total of 1000 members of a privately owned swimming school. Three hundred seventy-five usable questionnaires were returned, resulting in a response rate of 37.5%. Factor analysis and Cluster analysis are used to identify the overall structure of swimming school member's life-style and the client groups. 51 life-style (AIO) variables are then factor analyzed. The findings of the study include; (1) There exist six factors representing dimensions of swimming school member's life-style. They are named as "Fashion Conscious", "Achievement ", "Self-Control", "Individuation", "Sports", and "Self-Confidence"-factor, respectively; (2) Life-style factor scores are computed every sample to type (segment) sport consumer by the technique of life-style segmentation. They are then cluster analyzed (two-stage clustering approach). As a result, seven clusters (life-style segments) were selected. They are named as "A Sports and Health conscious oriented group", "A fashion and Health conscious oriented group", "A Indifferent group", "A Health conscious oriented group", "A Sports oriented group", "A Individual group", and "A Steady and Individual group", respectively. These findings confirm that life-style is an observable construct and is a group phenomenon. The findings thus lend a strong support for sociologists' contention that life-style is observable and is a group phenomenon. In all, the study suggests that life-style is also a useful concept in the field of sport management and the life-style analysis should be made more use for the field of sport service marketing in future.

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