For the following three purposes: 1) the theoretical research of vapor-liquid equilibrium, 2) the fundamental studies of the chemical absorption mechanism to the plant design, and 3) the relationship between the solubility coefficients and the factors having an effect on them, the authors measured the solubilities of carbon dioxide-sodium phenolate solution empirically under the following conditions; the concentration of liquid N: 0.3-3.4 [kgmol/m³], the partial pressure of gas p: 0.1-0.99 [atm], the temperature of liquid t: 0.5-80 [°C], using a gas volumetric technique, as these experiments have not been carried out in the past.
From these experiments, we have developed an empirical equation as follows;
The above-mentioned equation agreed with the experimental data within 20%, and satisfied the theoretical consideration of this chemical equilibrium.
Futhermore, we have calculated the equilibrim constant as K₁=1.05 at 20°C, K₁=1.08at 60°C respectively.

View full abstract

Experiments were conducted on the critical gas velocity for complete fluidization of solid particles and the rate of oxygen absorption by aqueous sodium sulfite solution containing cupric ions as catalyst in a gasliquid-solid fluidized bed.
The data of critical gas velocity, u_CF, above which solid particles were completely fluidized, were correlated as a function of the terminal velocity, initial bed height, diameter and density of solid particle and the liquid physical properties.
Two different regions were found in the investigation of oxygen absorption rates. At low gas velocities the rate of oxygen absorption is a function of gas velocity, particle size, initial bed height of solid particles and density difference between solid and liquid. At high gas velocities the rate is not a function of the above variables. The critical gas velocity, u_CM, above which the rate of oxygen absorption becomes nearly constant, independently of the gas velocity, can be expressed by means of two empirical equations, one for u_CM≥u_CF and another for u_CM<u_CF.

View full abstract

A new theory on the pressure drops of steady solid-gas two phase flow is developed based on a couple of assumptions. In this theory the pressure drop of any pipe section can be calculated theoretically and systematically by use of both the friction factor of solid flow and the mean falling velocity of solid particles. In this report theoretical results obtained are compared with experimental ones for a horizontal accelerating section of solid particles just behind a converging tube. Experiments are conducted within the region of Newton's law using solid particles of relatively large size and the data are in good agreements with theoretical results.

View full abstract

Pilot plant test of continuous Beckmann rearrangement reaction of molten cyclohexanoneoxime by using oleum as catalyst was carried out. The equations derived from the variations of the reactions of the reaction's conditions show that more severe regulations are necessary on the contents of H₂O in oxime and SO₃ in oleum and on the flow rate ratio of feeds, when m, i. e. mole ratio of H₂SO₄ to oxime, decreases. Therefore the contents of impurities. H₂O and (NH₄) ₂SO₄, in molten oxime were measured under various conditions, and it was confirmed that if the melting conditions are held constant the quantity of said contents remain nearly constant without the effect of heating time. In the test range of m=2.5-1.5, the requirements to complete the reaction in one reactor are that strong agitation should be carried out in the reaction vessel and also that the average contacting time of the feeds should be over 40 minutes. When m decreases, the effect of m on quality and yield of lactam is not observed when the concentration of H₂SO₄, in organic matters and (NH₄)₂SO₄ free basis, of reaction product is kept between 100-102%, and lactam to be polymerized is obtained with yield of 94-97%. By the measurements in this test, the apparent heat of rearrangement of oxime are 58.3-62.6kcal/oxime mole and over all heat transfer coefficients of reactor are 130-196kcal/m²hr°C.

View full abstract