The liquids used were 4 in kind, i.e., water, kerosene, turbine-oil and transformer-oil, whose properties are shown in Table 1.
The experimental apparatus employed is shown in Fig. 2. The standard gas-pipes of the sizes, 1 1/2'', 1 1/4'', 1'', and 3/4'' were used for the overflow pipes. Uchida et al. had reported the results of their researches on the same subject, but their conclusion was not always in accord with our experimental results as shown in Fig. 1. Therefore we studied how the coefficient of discharge,
C, in Eq. (2) would vary with the change in the head, the liquid properties and the size of the overflow pipes, in order to obtain a more general equation for
C.
The overflow was found to become unsteady at the head, when
h=
D/3; and in the case of the quiet steady-overflow when (
h/
D)<1/3, the value of
C varied from 0.2 to 0.83.
Experimentally we obtained Fig. 3, from which we determined
C=Q/2/3·
bh·√2
gh=(
h/b)-0.97(
D2pq/σ)
-0.68/0.0072(μ/μ
w)
0.08(σ
w/σ)
0.61+1.06{(
h/b)-0.97(
D2pq/σ)
-0.68} (7),
as the general equation for
C.
The actual volume rate of discharge.
QExp., showed good agreement with the volume rate calculated from Eq. (7),
QCalc., as shown in Fig. 10.
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