From the simplified model in which the liquid is supposed as a dense system com posed of rigid molecules, the equation of liquid thermal conductivities has been derived as the func-tion of their densities. ument, it is considered that the change of transport coeffi cients of liquids depends free distance during molecules.
The equation derived here contains two par ameters and can be written as, (1) where, α₁=1/K_1ρcT_c^1/2 and b_Tk³=ρ_c/ρ_ok, respectively. Two parameters, α₁ and b_Tk³, related to each sub- stance are nearly independent perature and pressure.
The performance of the equation was examin ed on more than 276 point s of data on 22 kinds of liquid s and the deviation of easured or recommended values was less than 4% with the exception of NH₃ and the average deviation was less than 0.8% for the range of 0.45≥T_r≥0.9.
The numerical values of b_Tk3 are found so clos e to 0.76 (ρc/ρm) independently of the kinds of substa nces that the equation (1) can be actually expected to be used as one parameter. The temperature dependence of thermal conductivity is so considered.

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The velocity distributions of Taylor vortex flow are studied experimentally by flow visualization method and theoretically by non-linear analysis.
Using stroboscopic illumination arrangements, the three-dimensional vortex flow paths by the suspended tracer particles can be observed with two simultaneous photographs, which are taken from two directions perpendicular to each other.
From these couples of stroboscopic motion pictures, the velocity distributions and distorted shapes of Taylor vortices are calculated.
Applying the disturbance equations by the linear theory and Stuart's energy balance method for the non-linear mechanics of supercritical disturbances to the case of wide annular gap, the theoretical velocity distributions in the equilibrium state of Taylor vortex flow are numerically obtained.
Theoretical results are in close agreement with the experimental data in the supercritical range of Taylor number in which only the fundamental mode is important.

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From the viewpoint simultaneous heat and mass transfer, the drying rate of the wetted porous solid is represented through the all periods, that is the surface evaporation period and the internal evaporation period of the drying. The experimental data are consistent with the numerically calculated results of simultaneous equations, the rates of heat-, water-, and vapor-transfer and local evaporation. And also, the characteristic states of the drying process are well represented. This analytical method is generally available for the operation and the design of dryers.

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Interfacial turbulence accompanying mass-transfer across the quiescent plane interface was studied for the systems water-acetone-monochlorobenzene and toluene-acetone-water using a Schlieren technique. The effect of turbulence on the rate of mass-transfer was estimated by the ratio of the amount transferred to that calculated by the penetration theory.
In the presence of a small quantity of natural rubber in organic phase, the viscosity of the liquid was increased to a great extent, and the turbulence was completely eliminated. In this case the solute was also transferred in accordance with the penetration theory.

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The vapor-liquid equilibria of water-ethanol system containing a minute amount of furfural have been measured. The equilibrium ratio of furfural is presented as the function of the mol fraction of ethanol.
The simple distillation of the aqueous solutions of ethanol containing a minute amount of furfural has been carried out and the distillation curves have been obtained.
The distillation curves were calculated by the method, which had been derived by one of the authors.The calculated results are in fairly good agreement with the experimental ones.
The behavior of a minute amount of furfural in the simple distillation of the aqueous solution of ethanol can be predicted by this method.

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Mechanism of acid extraction by tri-n-octylaminebenzene mixed solvent was studied on the standpoint of equilibrium, and the mechanism of acid transfer was clarified on the basis of the above results, using cylindrical lens Schlieren apparatus. The reactions accompanied with extraction are fast enough and the transfer of acid is controlled by diffusion step. Generally speaking, acid in aqueous phase reacts with TOA free from acid or TOA-HX complex on liquidliquid interface and is extracted in the form of TOA-HX or TOA-(HX) ₂. In case of the formation of TOA-(HX) ₂, reaction plane is formed in organic phase; TOA-(HX) ₂+TOA→2TOA-HX. Schlieren method is efficient for the recognition of reaction plane, since the gradient of refractive index varies steeply near the reaction plane.

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The creeping flow of a Bingham fluid past a sphere was analyzed by using variational principles. In consequence, the stress distribution which was represented in Eqs.(21), (22) and Table 1 was obtained from a maximum principle, and the velocity distribution which was represented in Eq.(43) and Table 1 was obtained from a minimum principle. The drag force deduced from these results was compared with the available experimental data and a result estimated by a slip lines analysis. It was found that the results obtained from a maximum principle gave a very good value.

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In order to make good use of the effectiveness of a fluidized bed on thermal decomposition rate of solids, a basket elevator apparatus was manufactured for trial. A basket elevator is the improved apparatus of a fluidized packed (F. P. bed), having function of continuous operation. Dehydration experiments of natural gypsum were carried out in a F. P. bed and a basket elevator, and characteristics of each apparatus were examined. As a result, the style such as a F. P. bed or a basket elevator was confirmed to have practical application to industrial thermal decomposers of solids, having nearly same effectiveness as that for a single particle. Also, heat transfer coefficients (packed particle-fluidized bed), which is the most important parameter for such a contact style, were measured in a F. P. bed, and the conventional correlation was obtained.

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