The effect of cold rolling on the physical properties and the structure of Fe₇₉B₁₆Si₅ ribbon amorphous alloy was investigated by the Mössbauer effect, X-ray diffraction, tensile test and electrical resistivity measurements. The shape of the distribution of magnetic hyperfine field is found to be insensitive to cold rolling. However, the peak in this distribution H_peak shifts slightly to the low field side by cold rolling. Cold rolling appears to cause the decrease of the component of the magnetization axis lying in a ribbon plane of the sample. A large softening effect by about 5% cold rolling and a hardening effect by subsequent rolling are observed in the amorphous alloy. The increase of the average Fe–Fe atomic distance would be responsible for the softening. It is suggested that the hardening is caused by strains associated with subsequent rolling. From the topological point of view, it is likely that cold rolling produces a more disordered structure than that in the as-quenched state. The thermal stability of the amorphous structure is not improved by cold rolling.

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Thermodynamic properties in liquid Ag–Sn alloys have been determined for N_Sn=0.27–0.80 over the temperature range of 636–983 K, by the following emf method by means of a galvanic cell using fused salt electrolytes:
\ominus W/Sn(1)/SnCl₂ in KCl+LiCl/Ag–Sn(l)/W ⊕.
Activities of tin at 973 K exhibit negative deviations for silver-rich regions and positive for tin-rich regions from Raoult’s law, and a_Sn values agree well with the determinations of Chowdhury et al. Activities of silver exhibit negative deviations from Raoult’s law over the whole concentration range.
It has been observed that the activities of both components have intimate relations with the phase diagram of this system, suggesting that the strongly concentration dependence is connected with the existence of ζ, ε compound clusters in the melt, and with the physical properties of the liquid alloys.
It can be clearly seen that the anomalous fluctuations in the values of Δ\barH_Sn and Δ\barS_Sn at approximately N_Sn=0.65–0.70, and possibly also at N_Sn=0.55 by the determinations of Laurie et al. are difficult to rationalize.
The thermodynamic properties of liquid alloys composed of IB metals (Cu, Ag and Au) and tin have been discussed in terms of the alloy solution theory of Engel. Namely, the activities and the heats of mixing for liquid alloys seem to be consistently explained on the assumption that the filling of d shell is incomplete for the IB metals as well as the transition metals, whereas it is complete for tin.
The activities and the heats of mixing of liquid Cu–Sn and Ag–Sn alloys are quite different from those of the liquid Au–Sn system, in which the activities show considerably negative deviations and the heats of mixing are exothermic, in the whole concentration range, owing to larger differences of electronegativity factor in the gold alloys.

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The thermal stability of lamellar structure in a Mo–TiC eutectic composite has been investigated at 1523∼2223 K for 5.76×10⁴∼3.6×10⁵ s under a low vacuum of 13 mPa.
It was found that the TiC phase in the eutectic lamellar disappeared near the surface of specimens above a critical temperature of about 1750 K, but below that temperature the TiC phase remained and TiO film was formed on the surface. The Mo matrix phase was not oxidized and was stable at all test temperatures, since its affinity for oxygen is lower than that of carbon and titanium.
It is presumed that at higher temperatures the disappearance process of TiC phase is controlled by the diffusion of carbon atoms through the matrix to the surface, and the carbon and titanium atoms on the surface are removed by CO gas formation and TiO evaporation, respectively, but at lower temperatures the evaporation of TiO is so slow that the TiO film is formed on the surface.

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Oxygen solubility and chromium activity in Ni–Cr alloys equilibrated with Cr₂O₃ were measured by a conventional sampling method and the emf method with stabilized zirconia in the concentration range from 2 to 70 at%Cr at the temperatures of 1733 to 1833 K. Temperature dependences of oxygen solubility are as follows:
log(10²N_O)=(−12130±2750)⁄T⁄K+(4.860±1.538) for X_Cr=0.02,
(−12760±890)⁄T⁄K+(5.386±0.498) for X_Cr=0.10,
(−10790±1390)⁄T⁄K+(4.682±0.777) for X_Cr=0.20,
(−11160±1300)⁄T⁄K+(5.300±0.734) for X_Cr=0.30,
(−9660±230)⁄T⁄K+(4.751±0.126) for X_Cr=0.40,
(−9700±920)⁄T⁄K+(5.001±0.510) for X_Cr=0.50.
Activities of Cr show negative deviations from Raoult’s law in the nickel rich region and negative to positive deviations in the middle concentration region at 1783 K. The results were compared with the literature data.

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In this experiment, the uniaxial tensile tests were carried out in four differently textured sheets of pure titanium. The sheets have the texture, some of which show the quite different pole figures and some of which show the quite different relation of the orientation between neighboring grains in spite of showing the similar pole figure. The deformation behavior of these sheets, those were, for example, the anisotropy, that the deformation twinning occur or not, twin systems and ridging, were studied particularly by considering the effect of the orientational relation between neighboring grains and of the manner of the occurrence of the deformation twinning.
The twin systems and the manner of the occurrence of the deformation twinning were classified in three types according to the texture and the stress condition.
1. When the unevenness in the connection with the orientational relation between neighboring grains generate, the tensile or compressive deformation twinning due to the stress condition occurs.
2. When the ⟨0001⟩ orientation of the grain is nearly the direction of the maximum principal stress, which is the tensile direction in this case, the tensile deformation twinning occurs.
3. When the grain deforms to the ⟨0001⟩ direction in order to conform to the deformation of surrounding grains, the deformation twinning occurs.
The stress-strain curves are influenced by the deformation twinning. On one hand, the yield strength as the 0.2% proof stress depends principally on the orientational relation between the tensile direction and the prismatic slip system of the preferred orientation deduced from the pole figures. On the other, the work hardening rate after yielding is influenced not only by such an orientational relation but also largely by the deformation twinning and the orientational relation between the tensile direction and the ⟨0001⟩ orientation of the twin, and furthermore by the orientational relation between the neighboring grains. Especially, when the ⟨0001⟩ orientation of the deformation twin is close to the direction of the maximum principal stress, which is the tensile direction in this experiment, the flow stress and thus the work hardening rate increase.

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Single pass clad layers of stainless steel on 15 mm thick carbon steel plates have been deposited by submerged arc strip welding carried out at different welding parameters. The influences of the welding current and arc voltage on the thickness of the clad layer, the ferrite content of the clad surface and the variation in microhardness of the weld have been studied. The thickness of the deposited layer has been found to increase with the increase of welding current and to remain nearly unchanged with the increase of arc voltage. The increase in welding current and also in arc voltage reduces the ferrite content of the clad surface. The extent of ferrite level depends parimarily upon the chemical composition of the deposited layer which in turn is influenced by the amount of heat input. A transition region having a comparatively higher hardness than that of its surrounding has been found to form at the clad to base metal interface. The hardness of the interface has been found to be raised even up to an order of about 450 VHN during welding with a heat input within the range of about 11–12 kJ/mm.

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Young’s modulus, thermal expansion and magnetization in the temperature range of 120–670 K and crystal structures at room temperature were investigated for Mn–Ge base ternary alloys containing Zr or Nb less than 16% with β, γ, ε and their mixture phases. These properties showed peculiar changes corresponding to the β\leftrightharpoonsε phase transformation point T_t, the Néel point of the antiferromagnetic ε-phase T_N(ε) and that of γ-phase T_N(γ). Elinvar characteristics were obtained in the temperature range between T_t and T_N(ε) and/or below the T_N(γ). Invar characteristics were obtained below T_N(ε) for the alloys having an ε-rich phase. These ternary alloys were possible to cut by a normal lathe in all of the phases, and the forgings was also possible in the γ-phase.

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The influence of cold working on the damping capacity and the mechanical properties was investigated for Al–Fe alloys containing 0.2 to 6%Fe. The logarithmic decrement δ and the rigidity modulus G were measured by an inverted torsion pendulum method, and the tensile strength σ_t by an Instron-type machine.
In the states of furnace cooling and water quenching, the δ was a fairly low value of 3–6×10⁻³, increased gradually with Fe concentration of up to 2% and then became nearly constant.
By cold working after the heat treatment, the δ became considerably higher with increasing reduction in area RA, and that of the alloys cold-worked by 95% RA was a large value of about 40×10⁻³. The δ of the alloys cold-worked after furnace cooling was higher than that after water quenching. The increment in δ by cold working is considered to be due to a remarkable increase in density of dislocations and a favorable effect as pinning of a proper amount of the compound Al₃Fe (θ phase) against the motion of dislocation lines.
The G in the heat-treated alloys increased gradually with Fe concentration of up to 6%, while the σ_t increased with Fe concentration of up to 4% and then decreased gradually. By subsequent cold working, the G decreased and σ_t increased.

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The influence of cold working on the damping capacity and mechanical properties was investigated in Al–Ni alloys containing 0.2 to 12%Ni. The logarithmic decrement δ and the rigidity modulus G were measured by an inverted torsion pendulum method, and the tensile strength σ_t by an Instron-type machine.
In both of the furnace-cooled and water-quenching states the δ was increased to some extent by the Ni addition. By cold working after heat treatment, the δ became considerably higher with increasing reduction in area RA. The alloys cold-worked after furnace cooling was higher in δ than those cold-worked after water quenching; the Al-4%Ni alloy showed the highest δ value of 63×10⁻³ when cold-worked by 95% RA after furnace cooling. The increment in δ by cold working is considered to be due to a remarkable increase in density of dislocations and also to the pinning by the effective amount of the compound Al₃Ni (ε phase) against the motion of dislocations. Cold working after the heat treatments results in a decrease in G and an increase in σ_t. Both G and σ_t increased with increasing Ni concentration, irrespective of the heat treatments and the cold working that followed.

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