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Volume 44, Issue 3
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Yasushi KITANO, Motoshi TAKEMURA, Kiyotaka MAJIMA, Seisuke NAKAMURA1983 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 155-172
Published: July 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNatural waters in the Izu Peninsula area were analyzed in connection with earthquake prediction and ground stability in the area.
No relationship was observed between earthquakes and the chemical composition of natural waters. From the chemical composition of natural waters, the amount of rock forming minerals chemically weathered and also the amount of clay minerals formed were estimated. Chemical analyses of natural waters were found to be a valuable and useful index to ground stability in connection with earthquake-related landslides.View full abstractDownload PDF (1647K) -
Marl Area of Okinawa IslandEiichi TOHYAMA1983 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 173-183
Published: July 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSShimajiri marl, which occurs widely in the southern part of Okinawa Island, is a bluish-gray soft rock. It is recognized that major minerals of soil derived from the marl are montmorillonite, kaolinite, illite and chlorite. Based on the analogy with the fine sand found in marl soil, primary rock minerals found in marl are assumed to be feldspar, calcite, dolomite, gypsum, pyroxene, halite and so forth.
These primary minerals react with CO2-containing waters in the marl area. Chemical constituents such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, CI-, SO2-4 and soluble SiO2 are dissolved from the minerals to natural waters, and eventually the above clay minerals are formed. As one example of chemical weathering of rock forming minerals, the following equation may be used.
5MgSiO3+CaAl2Si2O8+2CO2+5H2O
Mg5Al2Si3O1010(OH)8+Ca2+2HCO3-+4SiO2
By solving these equations for weathering, the amounts of weathered silicate minerals and of formed clay minerals as well as primary minerals can be calculated, when the concentrations of chemical constituents in natural waters are put into the equations.
Thus, the results obtained for the Shimajiri marl area are as follows :
Primary rock minerals weathered : 350 (t·km-2·y-1)
Clay minerals formed : 120 (t·km-2·y-1)
Chemical species released : 340 (t·km-2·y-1)View full abstractDownload PDF (1526K) -
Noriko TAKAMURA, Masayuki YASUNO1983 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 184-189
Published: July 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe food selection of a herbivorous ciliated protozoa, Condylostoma vorticella (Ehrenberg) was examined in November 1980 in Takahamairi Bay of Lake Kasumigaura, using IVLEV'S (1955) electivity index. This ciliated protozoa selectively fed on Synechococcus, Kirchneriella, Dictyosphaerium, Coscinodiscus, Cryptomonas, Chlamydomonas, and Gomphosphaeria, but rejected Closterium, Phormidium, Synedra, Tetrastrum, Dactylococcopsis, Scenedesmus, Aphanizomenon, Melosira, and Micractinium. The size and shape of algae were significant in the food selection, but the taxonomical groups were insignificant. The ciliate fed efficiently on food particles between 15 m and 40 m in size, but not filamentous and spindlelike algae or algae with long spines.
Colonies of Microcystis found most abundantly in this lake were preferably ingested by the ciliate. This ciliated protozoa is likely a significant link in the food chain between Microcystis and crustacean zooplankton.View full abstractDownload PDF (894K) -
Kaneyuki NAKANE, Sa-Uk HONG, Hye-Soon KANG1983 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 190-205
Published: July 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe concentration of nine types of phosphate was observed at sixteen sampling sites from upstream to downstream in the Han River on the Korean Peninsula throughout the four seasons in 1978-1979. The concentration of all types of phosphate increased from upstream to downstream, especially in the Seoul City area, in terms of the landscape or population density of the basin. The ratio of particulate organic phosphate to total phosphate was constant from upstream to downstream irrespective of the total phosphate concentration level, suggesting that the plankton biomass increased in proportion to the total phosphate concentration. The ratio of dissolved ortho and hydrolyzable phosphate to dissolved total phosphate increased from several percent in the upstream area to more than 90 percent in the downstream region. Results of phosphate analysis in thirteen tributaries showed that the increasing concentrations of phosphate, particularly ortho and hydrolyzable phosphate from the upstream to downstream, were caused by drainage water from cultivated land in the middle reaches and mainly by domestic and industrial waste water in the downstream areas, which were heavily contaminated by fertilizer or synthetic detergent.View full abstractDownload PDF (1727K) -
Morimasa OHTANI, Isao YAKUWA1983 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 206-214
Published: July 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe seasonal variation of water temperature and suspended solid concentration (SS) were measured in Katsurazawa Reservoir in a period from May, 1978 to April, 1979, Measurements were carried out at a station 50-100m from the dam site.
In early spring the reservoir was filled with water of low temperature and high SS which was caused by the melting snow. The inflow water formed the transitional SS layer at the same depth as thermocline in spring and early summer, In the circulation period after summer, both the thermocline and the SS transitional layer descended toward the bottom. In November and December, the latter remained at a depth of about 30m after the former had disappeared, showing that the thickness of the surface mixing layer could not be adequately estimated only by the apparent thermocline.
Concentration of SS increases exponentially with depth in each of the surface and the bottom layers. The vertical gradients change under the influence of seasonal climate condition.
In the heating period, water density of the surface layer is much lower than in the bottom layer, and so the density stratification is stable. On the other hand, the gradient of vertical distribution of water density is small and the stratification is unstable in the cooling period.View full abstractDownload PDF (1296K) -
Yasushi KITANO, Chisata TOMIYAMA, Ryoko FUJIYOSHI1983 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 215-224
Published: July 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA large amount of volcanic ejecta was absorbed by rivers around Mt. Ontake due to its volcanic eruption on October 28, 1979. The partitioning of iron, manganese, copper and cadmium into mineral fractions of river sediments has been investigated by a selective chemical leaching technique. The diagenetic behavior of these heavy metals in the river sediments was researched as a case study.
The heavy metals in the river sediments were originally contained only in sulfide and silicate lattice fractions. Through the contact of sediment with water and air, the chemical form of iron changed to sulfate and hydroxide, manganese in the sulfide fraction mostly changed to the chemical forms of sulfate and silicate, and cadmium in sulfide fraction disappeared and was found only in the silicate fraction. The chemical form of copper did not change through the diagenetic process.View full abstractDownload PDF (1319K) -
Atsunobu HAMADA, Wakayo MAEDA1983 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 225-239
Published: July 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe intention of the present study is to examine the rule on the oxygen uptake due to specific dynamic action of carp, for the information it may provide on the mechanism of specific dynamic action. The oxygen uptake of fish fed diets was measured continuously. The metabolic rate due to specific dynamic action appeared for 14 to 18 hours at 25°C. The amount of oxygen uptake due to specific dynamic action is composed of a part that is proportional to the ration size and a constant part. The relation between the oxygen uptake due to specific dynamic action (QSDA, ml) and the ration size (x, g) is given by the formula QSDA=α·x+b. Because of this relation, when the ration size is small, oxygen uptake shows changes close to the changes of b, which is higher at 0-2 and 8-10 hours. As the ration size increases, the peak of the rate increases with time, and the whole movement of oxygen uptake becomes dominated by the higher α at 2-8 hours. Also, a is affected by the composition of the diets and is much higher for a high protein diet. The value of a was in the range of 20 to 60 ml·g-1, and the value of b was approximately 50 ml.View full abstractDownload PDF (1558K) -
1983 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 240-255
Published: July 30, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (24306K)
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