This study aims to investigate local attachment that predicts behavioral intention, as an expanded theory of planned behavior, to understand local residents’ support for community events. A questionnaire-survey was conducted among 407 university students for a week in December at Kitakyushu–the host city of the 2021 World Gymnastics and Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships. After excluding 92 invalid responses, 315 (77.4%) were retained for analysis. The study measured attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, local attachment, and support for the event. Structural equation modeling was used to verify the hypothesis model. The main variables determining the behavioral intention of sports events were found to be in the order of subjective norm and attitude. Moreover, behavioral intention had a significant effect on local residents’ support. The results of this study confirmed that subjective norms that promote their behavioral intentions are the most important factors in eliciting community support for sports events. In other words, the main conclusion of this study is that the evaluation factor of other people’s participation in events is the most important factor for achieving a positive effect through holding sports events in the community.

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This study identified life skills through sports coaches’ practical experiences and developed a psychological scale for assessing coaching skills for facilitating life skills acquisition. Participants were coaches engaged in sports coaching for young athletes in junior and senior high schools and colleges. We developed 40 coaching skills items for assessing life skills acquisition based on, first, preliminary semi-structured interviews with 20 coaches (17 men and 3 women, mean years of experience in coaching =15.8±7.7 years, 11 national championships, 5 national tournament participants, and 4 regional tournament participants) and, second, a preliminary questionnaire survey of 258 coaches (215 men and 43 women; 114 junior high school coaches (92 men and 22 women), 90 senior high school coaches (78 men and 12 women), and 54 college coaches (45 men and 9 women). We administered the primary survey that included 40 items to 551 sports coaches (458 men and 93 women) ; 171 junior high school coaches (122 men and 49 women) ; 230 senior high school coaches (195 men and 35 women), and 150 college coaches (141 men and 9 women). The results of exploratory factor analysis of their responses indicated four subscales composed of 16 items for assessing coaching skills used in daily coaching settings. These subscales included “Coaching to facilitate visualization,” “Coaching for developing the feeling of gratitude,” “Coaching to promote spontaneous actions,” and “Coaching to facilitate goal achievement.” These subscales had adequate reliability and validity. We named the newly developed scale for assessing the acquisition of life skills the “Sports Coaching Skills Scale.”

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Japan’s sporting goods industry developed in earnest because of the increased demand triggered by the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games. This study clarifies trends in the sporting goods industry from the time of the bidding campaign for the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games to its hosting, primarily focusing on the cooperative efforts of three industry associations： the manufacturers, the wholesalers, and the retailers. Analysis of articles in the Japan Sporting Goods News (Nihon Undogu Shinpo) from 1948, when the first issue was published, to 1964, when the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games were held, led to the following findings. In response to the upcoming 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games, three trade associations in the sporting goods industry joined forces to establish the Japan Sporting Goods Suppliers Association (JSGSA). The JSGSA’s main goals were to hold a nationwide sale and to set up stalls in the Olympic Village. The national sale was intended to increase people’s interest in sports in Japan, and the Olympic Village stalls were intended to promote Japanese sporting goods to the rest of the world. However, the three trade associations had a difficult time uniting, owing to their differing positions and agendas in establishing the JSGSA. When it was decided that most of the equipment for the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games would be made in Japan, the wholesalers took the lead in establishing the JSGSA to utilize the opportunity to promote Japanese sporting goods, both domestically and internationally.

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This article aims to (1) properly understand the current state of college sports in the U.S. and (2) consider the prerequisites for relativizing and improving the state of college sports in Japan by reviewing the book, “Buying in: Big-Time Women’s College Basketball and the Future of College Sports.” This book describes the culture of a women’s collegiate basketball team, focusing on the positive aspects of collegiate sports as a part of higher education, particularly from the point of view of a coach who takes the game seriously but also serves as an educator. The author further places the micro-cultural description into the context of the history of college sports and American society, where women have been excluded from the center, in order to properly evaluate the positive aspects of college sports on a different level than that of criticism of the exploiting establishment or sympathy for the exploited student athlete. The undertaking also demonstrates the relationship between researchers and their research, the attitudes and purposes of academic research in the humanities and humanistic social sciences, and the potential for researchers to be actively involved in social change. The reviewer evaluates this book for presenting the possibility that big-time college women’s basketball can be a symbolic means of opening up the lives of student athletes themselves, not merely a means of promoting personal growth or forcing young women to accept the traditions of patriarchal society. However, it is concluded that a long and arduous road lies ahead for its introduction into college sports in Japan.

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