Four different egg count methods (egg counts per 10 ml, egg counts per specimen, egg counts per hour and post-prandial egg counts per hour) were applied to expression of the intensity of infection with S. haematobium. Egg counts per hour and post-prandial egg counts per hour revealed less variable results than egg counts per 10 ml and egg counts per specimen. Egg counts per hour seemed to be suitable for expression of intensity of infection with S. haematobium. No correlation between egg number and urine volume was shown. The post-prandial effect on egg-output of S. haematobium was much higher in the low egg-output group than in the high and middle egg-output groups.

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A survey of malaria infection was carried out in a rural community in Ghana, West Africa, during the dry and rainy seasons in 1984. Three Plasmodium species; Plasmodium falciparum, P. malariae and P. ovale were detected and P. falciparum was the most dominant species of the three. Through this survey, two interesting differences were found in the prevalence and distribution of P. falciparum and P. malariae.
First, the positive rate of P. falciparum in the rainy season (33%) much exceeded that of the dry season (15%), but the rate of P. malariae in the rainy season (1.3%) tended to increase in the dry season (3.4%) conversely.
Second, the distribution pattern of the positive cases of both malaria species in the village in the dry season was also different. The higher positive rate of P. falciparum was observed in the part of the village nearer to the ponds, which were suspected to be the main breeding place of Anopheles mosquitoes. On the other hand, the distribution pattern of the positive cases of P. malariae did not show this tendency.

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A 5-year-old boy treated with 10-30 mg/day of prednison against nephrotic syndorme was admitted in October, 1985 because of vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. He had no symptom until 7 days earlier, when diarrhea developed with the daily passage of one to 8 watery stools of moderate volume. The diarrhea continued for 6 days.
Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in the stools by using Sheather's sugar flotation technique and modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Neither bacterial pathogens nor parasites were found in his stools.
Although the case had a slight IgG deficiency due to nephrotic syndrome, no clear cut evidence of immunodeficiency could be demonstrated in the patient. The diarrhea resolved itself without any treatment. The stool was free of Cryptosporidium oocysts on day 32 after the onset.
This patient's bowel problems were not caused by an opportunistic cryptosporidial infection because there was no evidence of immunosupression with corticosteroids.
The patient was an urban dweller, without known close animal contact. The source of the infection in this case could not be established.
His elder brother has had mild abdominal pain and diarrhea lasting 5 days at the same time, but the other family members were unaffected. Stool examinations from these family members were not done. It is possible that the elder brother may have been infected with Cryptosporidium.
Meanwhile, stool samples from 112 inpatients and outpatients in Kochi Medical School were collected and examined for Cryptosporidium oocysts during the period from June to July, 1985. All stools were negative for the oocysts. These patients ranged in age from 4 months to 86 years, but the great majority of the patients were adults without diarrhea.

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Females of Mansonia uniformis were collected from Midorogaike-pond, Kyoto City in Japan and reared with floating aquatic plants of 7 species in oviposition containers located at laboratory cages.
About 3 days after a blood meal, gravid females took their position on the floating leaves as if they take a rest. Their abdomen was curved through the water until the tip of abdomen reached the underside of the leaves floating on the water, where eggs were laid in rosette-like cluster.
Salvinia natans was most preferably selected as oviposition plant among 7 aquatic plants tested. Each egg-cluster contained about 140 eggs on an average.

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