Anthropometric measurements and measurements of sweating reaction during exercise were made on 11 young male highlanders in Beha Village at al titude between 1, 500 meters and 1, 800 meters above sea level in Papua New Guinea in August and 11 young male Japanese in Nishinomiya City in September. Measurements of local sweat rate and sodium concentration in local sweat during pedalling a bicycle ergometer at a constant work load of 450 Kg·m/min for 20 min. under a thermoneutral condition were made. New Guineans were significantly shorter in height, slightly lighter in body weight and had a lesser amount of body fat than Japanese. New Guineans showed significantly greater mean values of Rohrer's index and Brugsch's index than Japanese. Skinfold thickness for New Guineans was significantly thinner than that for Japanese. Physically New Guineans were more muscular and athletic when compared with Japanese. New Guineans showed considerably lower local sweat rate and significantly lower Na concentration in local sweat than Japanese. Differences in anthropometric characteristics and sweating reactions between New Guineans and Japanese might reflect more advanced acclimatization to hot environments in New Guineans when compared with Japanese.

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To know the mechanism of protection from the homologous Trypanosoma gambiense infections in mice, the incidence of passive transfer of specific resistance to challenges with the parasites was examined in mice inoculated with immune spleen cells and immune sera separated on days 3 to 21 (day 0=immunization with microsomal fraction, 144, 000 × g sediment of T. gambiense homogenate, in complete Freund's adjuvant).
Passive transfer of specific resistance was successful only when immune spleen cells separated on days 3 and 5 were employed and the resistance was extinguished by treating the recipients with dextran sulfate 500 (2 mg/mouse), a macrophage-dysfunctional agent.
In case of immune sera, a powerful resistance to the infection was inducible by transferring immune serum separated on study day 7. About one-third of respective mice transferred immune sera separated on days 5, 14, and 21 were able to conquer the infection with 3 × 10³ parasites but none of the mice transferred immune serum separated on day 3 overcame the challenge.

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A male patient of 21 of age was infected with Plasmodium falciparum resisted to chloroquine during his stay in Parawan Island, Philippines.
Typical fever attacks occurred just after coming back to Japan and he was hospitalized. The patient turned to worse within a few days due to high fever attacks and acute increase of parasitemia even by oral administration of chloroquine, and then he was treated with quinine intravenously as well as orally, in combination with pyrimethamine and sulfamono-methoxine, which resulted to establish complete cure of this patient.
Among his clinical course, such findings were positive in high grades as leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, prolongation of prothrombin time, decrease of fibrinogen, antithrombin III and fibrin degradation products (FDP) in blood. Highly activation of SK plasmin was also recognized.
Thcse findings were resembled with DIC syndrcm even though withcut actualization in this catient. Food trrmfusicn, rrecTieatie n of corticosteroid ard hecarin were very useful for recovery from those situation.

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The agarose plate method using dog neutrophils and human monocytes as migrating indicator cells were used to demonstrate neutrophil chemotactic factor and monocyte chemotactic factor, respectively, in dogs infected with Babesia gibsoni. The experiments were done in the supernatant from in vitro cultures of spleen cells, peripheral blood lymphocytes as well as extracts of spleen cells.
In particular, it was suitable to use canine neutrophils as migrating indicator cells for demonstrating neutrophil chemotactic factor in 2.5 × 10⁵ cells per well of normal canine leukocytes incubated for 2 hours in agarose plate with 10% inactivated normal canine serum. Supernatants from in vitro cultures of canine spleen cells (3 weeks postinfection) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (3 days postinfection) showed an increased chemotactic activity of neutrophils as compared with that of normal dogs. Similarly, supernatants from in vitro cultures of canine spleen cells (2, 3 and 25 weeks postinfection) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (7 days postinfection) showed a tendency to contain monocyte chemotactic activity.

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Females of Simulium ochraceum which were fed on a carrier of the Guatemalan strain of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae were maintained under natural conditions at five different altitudes (350-1, 500 m) within and outside of the onchocerciasis endemic zone. The results suggested the probability that these insects' chance of surviving increases with altitude. The infective stage of O. volvulus larvae was reached on the eighth day at Maria Santisim a (alt. 650 m). At higher altitudes (1, 200-1, 500 m), however, no larval development beyond the late first stage occurred, except in one S. ochraceum female (at Guatemala City, 1, 500 m) which yielded late second-stage worms on day 16. The length of the gonotrophic cycle was three or four days irrespective of altitude. Heat accumulation, calculated by means of a self-registered thermometer, suggested that the predicted period required for larvae to reach the infective stage in the vector varies considerably with altitude (4.4-28 days). The relationship between the rate of development of O. volvulus larvae at varying altitudes, and ambient heat accumulation, is also discussed.

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A diphyllobothriid cestode, which has been spontaneously expelled from a 57-year-old seaman at Fukuoka City, on December 1969, was sent to us for identification. The appearance of yellowish-brown, thickset, complete strobila (about 600 mm in length) was evidently different from usual forms of the known diphyllobothriid cestodes from humans. It was tentatively reported as “another marine species of the genus Diphyllobothrium from a man in Japan” (Kamo et al., 1978). After careful morphological examinations it is now identified as Diphyllobothrium cameroni Rausch, 1969, which has been found in a Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) from Midway Atoll, Leeward Island in the Pacific Ocean. In the relative position of the uterine pore, within the genital atrium, and other morphological details, it agrees closely with Rausch's description. The discrepancies in dimensions of the seminal vesicle and egg size are probably attributable to the considerably greater size of our specimen, which had grown well in larger space of human intestine. Its eggshell surface observed by SEM exhibited the typical characteristics (deep, numerous pits, with rough intervening surface) as the eggs of cestodes from the marine habitat according to Hilliard (1972). It seems to be the first and unusual case of human infection with Diphyllobothrium cameroni Rausch, 1969 (new Japanese name : cameron retto jochu). The source of human infection is quite obscure.

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