Measurement of oral and skin temperature at ten sites was made on 11 young male New Guineans, ages 19-24, in Port Moresby in September, 1978 and 15 young male Japanese, ages 19-22, in Japan in September while sitting in a chair at rest in a room maintained at 28.0 C with 70.0 per cent relative humidity.
Both groups showed the same oral temperature (37.2 C). New Guineans showed a lower mean skin temperature (34.4 C) than Japanese (34.9 C).
Skin temperature in the extremities was significantly lower for New Guineans than for Japanese, and thermal heterogeneity of skin surface for New Guineans was greater than that for Japanese in a warm environment. The differences in skin temperatures measured were discussed in view of physiology of acclimatization to hot environments.

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Results of parasitological surveys in the East Central State of the Federal Republic of Nigeria in 1974 was presented.
The areas and groups surveyed are as follows : 1) 38 inhabitants of Enugu City, 2) 776 examinees among out-patients who visited the Teaching Hospital, University of Nigeria, Enugu, during the period from January to March 1974, 3) 494 inhabitants in Okpatou Village which is located about 30 km north-west to Enugu and 4) those of 598 in Ezi Nachi, Okigwi District, which is located about 100 km south to Enugu.
The intestinal helminth fauna and their infection rate were with Ascaris lumbricoides : 2.4% in Okpatou, 15.8% in Enugu, 12.7% in Ezi Nachi and 2.7% among out-patients; Necator americanus : 64.6%, 42.1%, 60.0% and 22.9%; Trichuris trichiura : 0.4%, 2.6%, 0% and 1.9%; Strongyloides stercoralis : 3.2%, 0%, 28.1% and 1.2% respectively; Enterobius vermicularis : 3.4% in Okpatou; Capillaria sp. : 0.2% in Ezi Nachi; Taenia saginata : 2.6% in Enugu, 0.3% among outpatients; Paragonimus uterobilateralis : 5.4% in Ezi Nachi; Dicrocoelium dendriticum : 0.2% in Ezi Nachi and eggs of unknown species : 1.0% in Ezi Nachi.
Hookworm infection among out-patients was the lowest. Taking in consideration of the present situation of the country, this figure might show the fact that only some limited persons visit the University Hospital. The infection rates with Ascaris, Trichuris and Enterobius were considerably low as compared with the results previously appeared in some literatures dealing with those in the Western State. Strongyloides infection was the highest in the forest area, Ezi Nachi, (28.1%, whereas it was 0% in Enugu). The infection occurs as early as in the age group of 5-9 among which 27.0% show the parasite.
Paragonimus infection due to P. uterobilateralis was demonstrated only in Ezi Nachi which has been reported as an endemic focus. The infection, except a case of 50-year-old woman, was concentrated in the age group of 5-14. Its overall infection rate was 5.4% with no sex difference.
Intestinal protozoa fauna and the infection rates were as follows : Entamoeba histolytica : 1.0% in Okpatou, 0% in Enugu, 5.5% in Ezi Nachi, 0.3% among out-patients; E. coli : 6.7%, 7.9%, 12.7% and 0.8%; Endolimax nana : 0%, 0%, 2.0% and 0%; Trichomonas intestinalis : 0%, 2.6%, 0%and 0.1%; Enteromonas hominis : 0.2%, 0%, 3.3% and 1.5%; Giardia lamblia : 0.6%, 0%, 0.8% and 0%; Chilomastix mesnnili : 0.2%, 7.9%, 0.2% and 0%; Iodamoeba biitschlii : 0.2%, 0%, 0% and 0%; respectively. Though the authors were unable to discover any established trend because of the small number of the examinees in Enugu, the infection with pathogenic protozoa in the city area seemed to be very low, whereas Trichomonas and Enteromonas infection were higher than any other areas.
The results suggest that the most prevalent intestinal helminths in these areas is Necator americanus, and that in some areas such as Ezi Nachi, Strongyloides infection could be also the parasites of importance.
Although the present study has only offered the result by a single blood films from a village school children, the infection rate of malaria was as high as 35.6%. The parasites have been identified a Plasmodium falciparum with some number of exception which were suspected as P. malariae.

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A newly developed anti-schistosomal drug, EMBAY 8440 (Praziquantel), by E. Merck and Bayer A. G., a marked characteristic of which consisted in the only one day administration per os, needed a tolerance test to know the side-effect in patients of schistosomiasis japonica by double blind method.
By treating these patients with 20 mg/kg dose, side-effects increased remarkably when the dose came to three times a day. The major side-effects were two, i.e., subjective complaints on the central nervous system such as mild headache or drowsiness, and a transient mild anemia in small number of cases.
However, in the evaluation of the tolerance test, there was found no poor case. The number of cases evaluated as good in the group of the true drug was significantly larger than that in the placebo group, although the number of the excellent cases was smaller in the group of the true drug than in the placebo group.
Therefore, authors concluded this remedy was clinically usable, if an attention was given to the subjective symptoms and the hemopoietic function.
The significance of results above, is that they confirmed the basis for wider applications of the drug to patients of schistosomiasis in the future.

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A 75-year-old woman was diagnosed as lichen planus tropicus on clinical and histological findings and photopatch test. The photopatch test showed phototoxic reaction with chlorpromazine and longwave ultraviolet light. And we have also studied thirteen other patients diagnosed as lichen planus based on clinical and histological findings in our clinic. As a result, we found that the photosensitivity due to exposure to the sun and/or drug was the main factor in the development of many cases. We suggest that the patients with lichen planus, whose lesions are suspected due to photosensitivity, must be diagnosed as lichen planus actinicus rather than lichen planus tropicus.

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The purpose of our study is to establish the standard normal value of bone density in the average Ghanian. The measurement has followed the method described by Doyle. The subjects examined were 180 healthy Ghanian aged between 10 and 39 years and were divided into 6 groups. The subjects were selected with the cooperation of the staff of the Mamprobi Poly Clinic in Accra where the X-ray machine provided by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) were installed. All were interviewed and completed the questionaires. The forearm was immersed into the water in a plastic bath, and two pictures, an antero-posterior view and a lateral view, of the left ulna were taken in every case. Then they were examined with a micro-densitometer and their mineral concentration of the bone was analyzed. The values were obtained on the basis of theory that the X-ray density of 1 mm Al is equivalent to that of 130 mg/cm2 of bone mineral. The data were statistically analyzed, and various factors, such as sex, age, height, weight, occupation, side of dexterity and physical activity were studied. The values obtained through our research can be regarded as normal ranges of bone density of Ghanian in 1977. They will serve as a standard value for the estimation of bone density of the morbid. And the evaluation of bone density would be a useful aid for the diagnosis and estimation of severity in some diseases, such as nutritional, hormonal and hematological disorders.

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