Sweating test and peripheral cold tolerance test were performed on 10 young male university students born and raised in Okinawa (the subtropical zone) but moved to the Japanese Main Islands (the temperate zone) within last three years and cold tolerance test was made on five subjects. Two series of experiments were performed in Nishinomiya, using a climatic chamber. The first series of experiments was performed in July before the return of the subjects to Okinawa (the experiment 2). The second series of experiments was performed in September after a month's stay in Okinawa in August (the experiment 1). Sweating reaction was examined on the subjects dressed in shorts only 60 min by immersing both legs in stirring water of 42 C in a room of 30 C with 70% R.H. Cold tolerance test was performed on the subjects clothed with 1.8 clo by taking off a blanket after covering with a blanket in supine position for 20 min in a room of 10 C with 70% R.H. Physiological responses of the subjects to cold were observed for 60 min. Peripheral cold tolerance test was made by dipping the left middle finger with a thermocouple attached to the nail bed into ice water for 30 min and changes of the skin temperature were measured continuously. Greater sweat volume, lower sodium concentration in sweat at the given sweat rate and less rise in oral temperature in the experiment 1 than in the experiment 2 were observed.
These results indicate acclimatization to heat of the subjects was induced by the return to Okinawa in summer and heat tolerance of the subjects was slightly improved when assessed by numetrical heat tolerance index after a month's stay in Okinawa in summer.
In cold tolerance test, significantly greater increase in the metabolic rate, greater frequency of shivering and considerably lower drop of the mean skin temperature in the experiment 1 than in the experiment 2 were observed. These results indicate the ratio of increase in the metabolic rate to thedrop in the mean skin temperature during cold exposure was greater in the experiment 1 than in the experiment 2. Thus it might be said that cold tolerance was reduced by the return to Okinawa in summer and living in a hot and humid climate. The mean value of time for first temperature rise of the vascular reaction of finger in the cold was significantly greater in the experiment 1 than in the experiment 2. The mean value of resistance index of frost bite caluculated by the Nakamura's method was significantly smaller in the experiment 1 than in the experiment 2. It may thus be concluded that the vascular reaction of finger in the cold is depressed and peripheral cold tolerance is reduced after the returnto Okinawa in summer.

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The adult and immature stages of a new species of the black-fly, Simulium (Gnus) kyushuense are described based on specimens collected from lowland rivers in Kumamoto, the central part of Kyushu Island, Japan.
This new species is assigned to the subvariegatum group of the subgenus Gnus Rubzov and has a close affinity to S. (G.) nacojapi Smart, from which it differs by the deep postgenal cleft of larva and unbranched macrosetae on the 7th sternite of female.

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Severe hemolytic anemia was observed in the peripheral blood of beagles infected with B. gibsoni, in the acute stage of infection, with an increase of parasitized erythrocytes beginning on the 1st week postinfection. Haptoglobin concentration in the serum decreased remarkably up to the 2nd week postinfection, showing little or no haptoglobin in the serum on the 3rd week to the 5th week postinfection. An abrupt increase of monocytes and neutrophils in the acute stage was noted, showing degenerated figures with some vacucles in some cells. The beta and gamma globulins in the serum increased and albumin decreased remarkably in the acute stage. The gamma globulins remained at a level remarkably higher than the preinfection level until the 24th week postinfection. Rapid increase of IgM and IgG fluorescent antibody titers was noted on the 1st week postinfection, showing a tendency for relatively higher activity to continue to the 24th week postinfection.

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The threshold dilution of positive skin test was analysed on the 217 subjected patients and followed up for several years. Clinical features and laboratory tests were statistically analysed on two skin-test positive groups, Group I (egg+ by rectal biopsy), II (egg-) and Group C (Control). Group III (skin test -, egg-) was not reasonable as the control, because many of them were treated for schistosomiasis previously. Therefore, the control was selected from the healthy persons in the non-endemic area by the physical and laboratory examination. Group IV (skin test-, egg+ ) was excluded from the analysis because of the small number.
I. The threshold value of positive skin test
1) It was markedly higher in the younger generation than in the older; it was higher generally in men than in women.
2) It decreased sharply in the Niridazole-treated group, while it was changeless or slowly decreased in the non-treated group during several years.
II. Clinical features
Analyses on the frequency of the patients in the endemic area, of the threshold dilution titer, the COP positivity and the stool examination supported that the intensity of the schistosomal infection decreased in such order as I>II>III.
1) The frequency of complications with the disease ranged as I>II>III in decreasing order.
2) The incidence of hypertension was in such order as I > II > C, and abnormalities on the chest film as I≅II>C.
3) The incidence of the prolonged QT and other abnormalities in ECG decreased in order as I>II>C.
4) The higher incidence of hepatomegaly was recognized in I than in II, whereas no such a case in C.
III. Laboratory tests
1) The incidence of abnormal liver function decreased in such order as I>II>C in each parameter.
2) The incidence of anemia and leucopenia decreased in order as I or II>C, and a hemopoietic dysfunction due to the disease was suspected.
3) The incidence of abnormality in serum K, Na and total cholesterol level ranged as I or II>C. The incidence of proteinuria was also in order as I or II>C.
Thus, it was clarified that clinical and metabolic disorders were significantly brought about due to schistosomiasis japonica.

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The stools of twenty-one persones which drifted from Democratic Republic of Vietnam to Japan were examined against the eggs of intestinal parasites by the Tween 80 citric acid ether sedimentation method and Harada-Mori's culture method. The results of examinations proved that they were harbored by roundworms (38.1%), whipworms (9.5%) and hookworms (4.8%). Hookworms were carefully examined for the infective larvae by the culture method and adult worms (especially based on the bursa and inner ventral teeth) from infected dogs and all resembled Ancylostoma ceylanicum as describedby Biocca (1951) and Yoshida (1974). Although A. ceylanicum was not found in stray dogs captured in Kagoshima City which located in the main land of Kyushyu, it was found in Amami Oshima and Tokunoshima (Yoshida and Okamoto, 1972) and Okinawa (Oohama, 1941). Although A. ceylanicum are frequently encountered in cats and dogs of various areas, man is regarded as an abnormal host for A. ceylanicum (Chowdhury and Schad, 1972; Lie and Tan, 1959). However, the potential medical importance of this species lies therein, so that their pathogenicity of this s pecies is strong. Infections with these hookworms are easily overlooked, as the diagnosis is possible only by a careful examination of the ventral teeth present in the oral cavity and the bursa of male. Accordingly, this hookworm species may occur more frequently than the existing reports would suggest.

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