A total of four fragmented strobilae, evacuated spontaneously on January 29, February 29 and March 18 in 1980, from a 45 year-old man living in Kochi Prefecture, were identified as Diplogonoporus grandis (Blanchard, 1894) Liihe, 1899. They were from 111 to 494 cm in length, and from 13.0 to 21.5 mm in the maximum width, all with two rows of complete genital organs, and three containing proglottides exhibiting supernumerary genital organs. The scolex was absent. The patient suffered from diarrhea, abdominal pain and borborygmus. Fresh raw fish was taken frequently by the patient. This is the record of the fourth case from Kochi Prefecture, Japan.

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The current study was designed to obtain an information on the immune factors which could be underlying the induction of protective immunity to the genus Fasciola in rats, using immunosuppressive drugs and diffusion chamber technique. The rats became resistant to challenge with the Japanese species of Fasciola following an oral infection with metacercariae, indicating a significant degree of reduced worm burdens. This protective effect in the immunized rats, however, was abrogated by the administration of immunosuppressants, dexamethasone and prednisolone. In rats treated with these drugs, no antigen-antibody band in immunodiffusion plate was recognized throughout the infection, while many bands were observed in sera from the rats without treatment with the drugs. From the results obtained, the antigen-antibody bands in diffusion plate would be a good indicator to estimate the degree of protective immunity to the genus Fasciola in host animals. By intraperitoneally implanting the immature worms in diffusion chamber, the rats were able to induce a significantly high degree of protective immunity when compared to the natural-immunity control. However, the degree of protective effect was significantly high in rats which received free worm (without chamber) implantation. In the experimental rats, each fraction of their serum proteins was also examined by performing cellulose acetate electrophoresis. More detailed examination is required to investigate the immune factors in the protective immunity to the fluke in rats, using immunosuppressive drugs and/or diffusion chamber techniques in terms of host-parasite relationship.

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Eight young male university students took exercise for 7 successive days in a climatic chamber at 30°C, 70% relative humidity. Exercise was performed on a bicycle ergometer at a work load of 2 kp at a cycling rate of 50 r.p.m. for 60 min. Sweat tests were performed on the day before beginning of training and on the day after the end of training. Sweating was induced by immersion of both legs to just below the knees into circulating water of 42°C in a climatic chamber of 30°C, 70% relative humidity for 90 min. Body weight loss induced by a certain heat load increased after heat acclimatization, while a rise in rectal temperature and an increase in heat rate during sweat test decreased after heat acclimatization. Sodium concentration in sweat decreased slightly and sodium concentration at a given sweat rate decreased considerably after heat acclimatization. Heat tolerance, assessed by our numerical indices for assessment of heat tolerance, was improved by heat acclimatization. Improvement of heat tolerance was accompanied by great changes in physiological responses to heat and was induced at the cost of increase of physiological strain in terms of water metabolism.

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The spread of rabies virus between adjacent mouse neuroblastoma cells was inhibited in the presence of spleen cells from mice sensitized to rabies virus as measured by the size of fluorescent focus formation. This activity of focus size reduction was appeared to be closely related to the development of cell-mediated cytotoxic activity. Rabies virus inactivated by beta-propiolactone was also capable of generating such an activity as live virus.

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A Pakistan strain of Culex tritaeniorhynchus was exposed to conditions of 18, 22, 28 and 34°C at 16L : 8D and 18 and 22°C at 9L : 15D in an incubator. Cooler temperatures reduced immature survival from eclosie n to emergence and slowed the rate of development resulting in larger and heavier adults at emergence with increased energy reserves in the form of triglycerides. The rate of mating, blood feeding and the synthesis of triglycerides from sucrose increased as a function of temperature. Shcrt day length further slowed the rate of development increasing the size and weight, but not triglyceride content, of adults at emergence. The insemination rate also decreased under shorter day length. These results suggested that cold-induced quiescence, but not necessarily diapause, was induced by the present experimental regimens.

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