The purpose of this study is to grasp the possibility of Two Step Housing System, which was developed to solve housing problems in our country. We tried to clarify the economic effects for private land owners through the simulation of model cases, which would be brought by supplying their land on lease for residential open building.
After analyses, the results are as follows; 1) Two Step Housing System could realize affordable housing even in urban areas whose land prices are high. 2) It would be attractive for private land owners to use their land by this system, because of its profits. 3) Mixed use of building with rent houses or commercial facilities would be effective for inheritance taxation.

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New housing for elderly and senior citizens is paid much attention in northern Europe in recent years. Main focus here is on what is called co-housing for seniors, and this has become a part of new housing alternatives. A co-housing for seniors is a kind of housing styles in which elderly or senior people share important functions of the house they live in. On the other hand, in Japan the supply of the co-housing for elderly and senior citizens has just begun. The purpose of this research is to offer data on the status quo of Japanese Co-housings for seniors which are useful in discussing how satisfactory Co-housings can be realized in Japan. In our research six of such cases are investigated. They are established four cases, and one case in which the plan has not been materialized, and the sixth case in which the project was cancelled. Topics included in the case studies consisted of the residents' replies to the questionnaire and of the interviews with residents' leaders. In the conclusion, It was proved that public support system available presently does not satisfy new demands.

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This paper clarified the transformation of urban demographic structuer in local city by decline of downtown and suburbanization through movement of population by district. And then it clarified the influence to the residential environment for the elder through the transformation of urban demographic structuer and evaluation of its eviornment by the elder residents through the questionnaire.
We should have the image of the city and reasonable regu lat ions, if not so, we lead the decline of downtown and suburbanization and some blighted areas.

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Local cities in Japan have various problems like the decline of central area caused by the suburbanization or general population decrease. This paper intends to clarify the structural problems of local small cities. Reviewing the past four national comprehensive plans, the policy for local cities is evaluated. Focusing on the local small cities with population less than 150,000, the typology of those cities is presented according to the indicator of long periodical trend of population and the historical resources. It is necessary to set up revitalization policies for the central area of those cities according each city typology.

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In housing policy, they have tried to solve the problem of urban residence by means of just supplying houses up to now. On the contrary, we insist on importance of understanding life structure of urban residents, and consider the way of regenerating urban residence from that point. Results are summarized as follows.
1. The life of residents have structured not only in the city center but with the connection and expansion to the suburbs.
2. The suburbs produce unique value with urban aspect. Urban residents recognize this situation.
3. It is easy for the suburbs to receive present social change.
At last we suggest to incorporate the worth of the suburbs into the city center as one of the way to regenerate urban residence.

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Ratio-type indices are often used to evaluate the residential environment of certain regions. This is because ratio-type indices are supposed to be free from the area of regions, and therefore it is believed that the values of indices can be compared among regions of different areas. Basically, similarity axiom is found to characterize these indices, implying that the accordance between the axiom and the feature to be measured justifies the usage of ratio-type indices. The general ratio-type indices are characterized by continuity axiom, monotonicity axiom and similarity axiom; and the simple ratio-type indices are characterized by continuity axiom, monotonicity axiom, similarity axiom, linearity-of-factor-2 axiom and linearity-of-factor-3 axiom. These results are also extended to additive-ratio indices.

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This paper is focused on an analysis of the vertical land use mixture in inner urban Tokyo area in scope for the designation of Special District for Restriction to Residencial Use on Upper Floors (Chu-kousou-kai-juukyo-sennyou-chiku) introduced in 1992. The author adopted the GIS data which collected by the local government for typological analysis of the land use mixture among different zoning areas. He first classified the target area into three groups (business, residencial, and mixed) by mixture of residencial and commercial-business floor area ratio. He also analysed the political difficulties and the growth potencial of housing by comparison of the existence of high-rise non-residencial buildings and the difference betweend esignated FAR and existing building volume. He concluded many zones are prepared to be designated.

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This paper surveys the real development conditions in the Urbanization Promotion Area (U.P.A.), where the sprawl development should be controlled. Through the survey of the development activities and present living environment in the U.P.A. of two cities, Asaka and Toride in Saitama & Ibaraki Pref., it is evident that U.P.A. is changing into the coexisting land use category of agricultural and urban land use. In U.P.A. it is necessary to show a guide line for gradual development and infrastructure construction.

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This paper deals with the social attitudes of inhabitants toward public open space installed under Comprehensive Design System in Yokohama city, and examines subjective concerning about Public Open Spaces attached to the apartment houses built in the residential zone in land use zoning.
We carried out the social survey at 5 apartment houses, and researched into the evaluation about the housing environment, public open space, and the cognition of reason why public open space were made. The interview data of 275 inhabitants lived in apartment houses and 286 inhabitants lived around the houses were collected.
The results showed that the biggest difference of resident's consciousness between the apartment houses and the around was the cognition of reason why Public Open Spaces were made.

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The number of temporary houses for the great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake are 48300 units. In this paper we analysed their location and the character of their residents. Firstly, the average age of residents is higher in Kobe city and towns in Awaji island. Secondly, the proportion of aged persons is higher (40-50%) in the temporary houses constructed earlier and for temporary houses constructed later this proportion decreases to 30%. Thirdly, the most of people who lived in the privately owned houses before the earthquake hope to return to their own houses, and the most of people who lived in rental houses hope to live in public housing.The average yearly income for the group of private ownership was 4.7 million yen before the disaster and for the rental house group it was 3.3 million yen which amounted to difference more than 1 million yen.

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This paper aims to make clear the relations between elderly parents and the grown-up children, and their housing needs in modern Japan through the case study method. The data for the analysis is gathered the interviews with fifty one persons who lived in the area stricken by the Great Hanshin-Awaj i Earthquake. As the result of this study, the diversities of parent-child relationships and the needs to various choices which are supplied by the government and the private sector toward housing rehabilitation, was recognized anew.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze planning and design criteria for Multi-purpose high-rise apartment after 1990, changed housing policy and urban redevelopment in Korea. The survey research was taken using questionnaire by designers who participated in projects.
Findings from the analysis as follows:
1. Although Multi-purpose apartment was introduced for recovery of population in CBD, but it was developed in high-profit areas with discontrols of home-owner-ship.
2. Multi-purpose apartment lakes physical and functional integration between housing and commerce.

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The big social and economical change in the 80s caused decrease in inhabitants in the heartland of the city. And securing inhabitants in this area is still to be a major problem. This study aimes to clarify the actual condition and problems about designating process of district planning for securing inhabitants in the heartland of the city in Tokyo.
The case studies showed that the citizen involvement through the “kyogikai” was effective to make the designation of district planning suitable for the district. The other hand, in these cases it is difficult to guide the designation to the profit of new inhabitants in the current system.

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This paper is a case study of the physical built up process and its implication on the inner city housing provision at Kita-Shinjuku-4-Chome in the west of central Tokyo where many small mid-rise apartments have been built by site-by-site renewal process in 1980-90s. The authors concluded that the traditional trend of increasing single households was terminated in late '80s and new trend of increasing 2 person households are emerging through the renewal of low-rise apartments to mid-rise apartments.

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This paper deals with the quantitative analysis on characteristics of behaviors in the domestic spaces, based on time alocation survey. This report is a part of study on the correspondences between behaviors and places, according to time allocation. The main results are as follows;(1. The general characteristics of behaviors) Most of people spend some of the time at home on Basic Activities, such as eating, excreting, taking bath, and enjoying recreation. For female, Basic Activities include “doing household” alone. By an increase of home hours, male spend more time on recreation and female spend more time on household.(2. The difference within behaviors according to work-style, generation, and age of child) Male's behaviors vary in generation on weekday, on weekend, male's behaviors vary in whether he has infant. Male's behaviors is influenced by work-style of himself and his wife, on both weekday and weekend. On weekday, female behaviors are influenced by age of youngest child and work-style of herself. But on holiday, her behaviors tend to be limited by being with her husband and children.

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This study aims at examining a better management system of living environment at detached housing area through analyses on the characteristics and evaluation of detached housing area with common space. The following findings are obtained from the analyses;
(1) Detached housing area with common space have been increased during 1980's. The common space consists of access road, cul-de-sac, community space, concentrated parking area and meeting place.
(2) Some problems regarding management of the common space are observed at 24 housing areas. Residents are pleased with living environment. But they complain that they are not able to use common space selfish, and management of common space is too complicated.

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In this paper, we analyze the effects of the present Japanese Land and Housing Lease Law, and its effects after the proposed revision. The bargaining power of the landlord is reduced by the present law, while the bargaining power of the tenant will be reduced by the revision of the law. Thus this law causes the hold-up problem of the landlord and the revision will result in the hold-up problem of the tenant. In our model, we prove that the existing law leads to a lower diverting use of land and a lower supply of housing and land for rental than the socially optimal level. Unlikely usual argument, this lower diverting use of the land occurs even if the negotiation cost is zero, and this is caused by the excess investment of the tenant. On the contrary, a greater diverting use of the land will occur if the law is revised. This problem, however, is less serious than that of the present law because landlord can make commitment to the tenant that they will not exercise their higher bargaining power.

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In 1991, The Land and House Lease law was amended, The Fixed Term Leasehold was enacted and became effective. A number of residential properties such as housing with The Fixed Term Leasehold have been provided by nonofficial house building industry since then.
So, this paper deals with supply of residential properties under The fixed Term Leasehold Hold in Japan and especially attempts to clarify realities of that in Tokyo Metropolitan area.

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The Administrative Readjustment Promotion Committee is now examining introducing Terminal Tenancy System. Lawyers, Economists, Tenant Union and Landlord Union are now expressing the approval or disapproval on introducing it. This study examined public opinion for introducing it by survey research. The result is that 98% approves on introducing it under the condition that housing policy for welfare be full equipped.

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Housing demand survey 1993 contains useful informations about residents' mind. In midtown, detached houses, condominiums, rented condominiums and tenement houses were found. However, there are few that move in midtown detached houses, rented condominiums are too expensive, and midtown tenement houses are not large enough for families to settle in. So condominiums play an important part in maintaining the midtown population. But it seems to car owners that condominiums are only temporary housings. To promote midtown living, it is indispensable to cope with motorization.

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Recently, The significance of Housing Policy established by Local Government is getting bigger. And now Local Government is going to establish the Master Plan. Although it is not enough to undergo especially small Government such as shi, cyo and son. To make the Housing Policy, it is going to be a foundation to analyze housing demands. So if we will have methods to analyze it accurate and correctly, that is useful for making Policy. For this study, introduced the way to analyze the trend of housing demands and structure from seeing population trend with using census tracts. Using method and analyze it in the past of Hamamatsu city. From the result of this, will try to see the future demands of housing roughly.

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It is well known that the rent for long-standing tenants is lower than used rent in rental housing market. KUME (1995) insisted that this tenure discount is mainly caused by Land and Housing Lease Law and without this restriction market rent will be declining to almost 80% of present rent. But the analysis neglected the fact that used rent is lower than new rent. In this paper three type of rent (rent for long-standing tenants, used rent, new rent) are calculated and compared each other by using Housing Census (1993) and found out that discount effect by rent for long-standing rent to used rent is small. It is only 5% decrease of used rent. In conclusion the hypothesis is presented that this phenomena is explainable by owners tendency to avoid vacant risk.

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Recent years in Taiwan, the increase of elders who lives with themselves or only with their spouses is noticeable and is to be considered as the social problem, so the government appeal to the people to live with their parents. In the other hand, due to the changes of social situations, it's difficult for young families to live together with their parents.
The purpose of this study is to grasp the consciousness of family and living style of Taiwan people, and clarify the actual conditions of living near to relatives. Then, to get the fundamental data for planning the appropriate living environment in the aged society.
The results are The ideal family type and living style that Taiwan people think is different by sex and their education level. Though most people still think it's natural that children should take care of their old parents, most of them prefer to live near to their parents rather than live together with them. There are many families live near their relatives, especially their parents

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Among the increasing numbers of older people in society, there are many who wish to continue living in their own houses. In connection with this, this report presents a breakdown by age of the results of a survey of house-cleaning practices of ownner-occupiers of detached houses in Shiga Prefecture, house-cleaning being the first step in housing maintenance. A second survey of home helps and old people's association is used to analyse the influence of declining strength motivation and economic resources upon house-cleaning practics. Although older pepople found cleaning difficult and did it less frequently, they resisted asking others for help. The negative influence of aging upon maintenance management cannot be overlooked.

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Recently “Co-housing” is being accepted in Northern European countries, which have the higherpercentage ofelderly for a long time. A characteristics of the “Co-housing” is equipped with space for individual and with common room.
In this report, we aimed to make these as a basis in supplying new type of housing with elderly people in the future.
The results obtained by the analysis of the surveys in 3 cases of this kind in Norway were as follows:(1) Most of the residents are in their 70's and 80's, but they are rather healthy.(2) At the common house, they have a meeting and eat together regularly. And also some people use it for party etc.(3) Some of the biggest merits were “no felling of loneliness”, “co-operation with one another”, “Tell safety than living alone”.(4) On demerits, mamy of them answered “nothing”. But some people think “because of the Meant health condition, only a part of the residents owing much responsibility”.(5) All of the residents who answered the questionnaire estimated their “Co-housing”, “very good” or “good”.

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This paper deals with vitalizing the central districts in local cities. Recently there is deterioration of various urban functions in the central districts of local cities caused by suburban development, changes of users' modal preference and store location, etc.
Therefore it is important administrative problem to maintain and upgrade urban functions in the central districts where urban infrastructure is prepared.

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The purpose of this study is examining zoning system under Housing Master Plans within Tokyo Metropolitan Districts. Our analysis starts from a comparative approach of zoning system between inner Tokyo Wards and Tokyo Metropolitan Government, and it could be classified into three categories: they are commercial, residential and commercial-residential mixed zones. Then, we chose five areas from residential and commercial-residential mixed zones and had survey concerning housing locations. As a consequence, the differences of housing locations are found by horizontal and vertical ways, known as Gawa-An and floor levels, even in the same zone.

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Recently it becomes more important and necessary to introduce the ecological viewpoints for the renewal and improvement of the high dense built-up area. This paper proposes the idea of “ecological map”, which intends to analyze present condition of the built-up area and suggests the direction for the improvement from the ecological viewpoints. To testify the application of the idea of ecological map, a case studyis implemented in Ogu-district, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo. Based on the analysis of the district by ecological map, the direction for the ecological improvement of Ogu-district is suggested.

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In this paper, after analyzing the planning process of the conversion project of Presidio-an Army post-into a National Park, with three view point;(1) Qwhat is the institutional system of participation of the public in the planning process?(2) how the system is operated in this case?(3) what are the paticipating entities?, a new general concept-“public participation”-is proposed. With this new concept, it becomes possible to clarify why the participation process in the U. S. A. is creative and effective compared to that in Japan.
“Public participation” is the new idea, contrasted to the existing notion of “citizen participation; triangle formation of local government, citizen, private business entity.” It comprise the variety of the participants, interrelationship of participants, operational methods of participation, the view points of participants.

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Two types temporary housings have been furnished for the elderly and handicapped sufferers by the South-Hyogo Earthquake. One is of silver housing type (called type 2) and an other of group-home type (called type 1). The latter group-home type housings for the ordinary elderly have not yet furnished in Japan, although such examples are to be seen in the Scandinavian countries.
The report has tried to clarify the adaptability and significance of the group-home type temporary housings from the results of the questionnaire delivered between November in 1995 and April in 1996, by comparing with the results of the silver-housing type. The results suggest that new type housing as of collective-house type seem to be wished for, different from the contemporary housings with care.

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The research work was carried out in order to get the fundamental materials for the housing restoration planning aftter the South-Hyogo Earthquake by grasping the housing demands for the permanent residence of the sufferers of the disaster who continue to live in the temporary housings. An questionnaire survey was executed for 1, 855 subjects living in Kobe, Takarazuka and Toyonaka Cities, during November in 1995 and February in 1996, and 840 were recovered. About 90% of the subjects occupying about one-thirds of the total subjects, who had lived in the detached own dwellings before the disaster, desire to live in the same type detached dwellings afterwards, where as almost all the other subjects desire to live in the public rental dwellings and they prefer to the mixed dwelling type of various generations, group dwelling type exclusively for the elderly and the dwelling type with life support welfare service. However when they feel weak in the physical strength, they tend to prefer to live in the latter two types. As a whole almost all the subjects desire to consider the countermeasure to live easily for the elderly in the housings hereafter.

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41.8 percent of the temporary housing residents destroyed their dwellings by the eathquake on January 17, 1995 are over 65 years old. The report has tried to grasp the background of the subjects necessitating the life support services for ADL, and to find out desirable living ways hereafter.
Questionnaire surveys were executed for 1855 subjects living in the temporary housings in Kobe, Takarazuka and Toyonaka Cities, during November in 1995 and February in 1996, and 840 were recovered. It was clarified that there exist a lot of the elderly who feel incovenient in ADL due to the arthralgia and/or the rheumatism even if they have no difficulty of walking around by themselves. Earnest desires for the life support service have been recognized, derived from the fact that many temporary housing complexes have been located in much more inconvenient access areas than the previous dwellings before the outbreak of the earthquake. Above results suggest the necessity of the substantial supply of public rental housings and facilities concerned with the elderly in the possibly convenient access areas and the positive introduction of the life support service.

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This study pays attention to habitability of horizontal vibration in the urban high-rise apartment buildings and aims to propose the assessment of habitability in terms of sense of horizontal vibration. This paper reports about the questionnaire and the experiment on sense of horizontal vibration. As the result of the questionnaire, the inhabitants perceive vibration usually and feel difficulty in their living and sense. In consideration of the situation, it has become difficult to assess habitability in terms of the perception threshold. So it is necessary to set the allowable limit on the basis of psychological response. As The result of the experiment shows, it is possible to assess perceptible vibration using sensory magnitude. And discomfort of such vibration is low, so it is possible to extend the allowable limit using discomfort.

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In this paper, the suffered people's comments about the performance of the living space used during the Great Hanshin, Awaji Earthquake are cleared in the basis of the 6 surveys and the material. And the proposal is made about the performance of the dwellings demanded usually. Many comments are about the natural condition safety to disaster, the sanitary performance of the buildings, the building space and privacy of living space used during the disaster. And the proposal of the dwelling performance used usually is about safety and the others. The proposal of safety is made about the relation between necessity and cost of dwelling and necessity to educate safety. The proposal of the others is made about the life line, width and privacy, the weak's life and the elevators in the high-rise apartment buildings. The authors consider the social recognition about that is going to be made in terms of the education about safety to the public.

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One and half years was over since the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. There is much regional difference between the advances of housing rehabilitation. Rehabilitation of detached houses is much smoother than that of old wooden houses and row houses. This paper aims to make clear the process of housing rehabilitation and dwelling reconstruction from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. The sufferers have a great variety of the processes, and the house of friends and relatives played an important part in housing rehabilitation. We found out that it is important for housing policy not only to rehabilitate stricken houses but also to reconstruct dwelling life of the sufferers.

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HUD, as a project-oriented semi-governmental organization, carries out basicaly compound projects which are hard to be coped with by local governments or private sector.
Regarding the earthquake disaster rehabilitation, HUD constructs 18,000 housing units, sharing about 30% of the public sector's construction based on the three-year program formulated by Hyogo Prefectural government. HUD has promoted urban development on public-semipublic-private partnership base though, the rehabilitation project request further partnership in order to supply low cost housing immediately in large quantity.
The further issues are as follows. 1) Keeping the balance of demand and supply of housing by each areas. 2) Promotion of built-up area redevelopment utilizing co-ownership projects. 3) Continuation of previous communities and its development. 4) Creation of new housing supply systems.

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Many disaster house in KOBE are located on alongside some east-west mainroads.
Some east-west mainroads have to change from traffic roads to civic axises.
KOUBE RENEWAL HOUS ING MODEL should have some civic axises.

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City of Vancouver, the third largest city in Canada, and Greater Vancouver Region have kept their growth trend in population and economy over the last few decades. The aim of this paper is to prove the issues and possibilities of their housing policies, and to offer some idea to establish successful housing policies in local regions of our country. In order to do that, relationship between their housing and growth management policies are studied. Also the grasp of the roles of federal, provincial, regional and local governments in Canadian housing policy are presented.

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This study attempts to analyze the housing policies of three cities in USA, City of Atlanta, City of Minneapolis, City of Seattle. Local government in USA catch terget group precisely using census date for family i ncome, housing tenure, housing cost, rent, etc. Enforcement of housing policy is done by different organization in three cities.

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Osaka Prefectural Government constructed the super high-rise housing complex for the revitalizing project of the prefecturaly operated housing complex.
The purpose of this reserch is to get some imformation on dwelling conditions especially of the elderly inhabitants in the super high-rise houses.
And I would like to analyze the effects and problems of the super high-rise housing project.

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The purpose of this study is to make clear the change of households and their community by the renewal project of the public housing estates in Aichi prefecture.
We surveyed three types of households; the type 1 is those who moved from the public housing, the type 2 is those who moved into the renewal public housings after temporary houses, and the type 3 is those who moved into the renewal public housing directly from the previous houses. The main results as are follows. 1) After the renewal, the size of households were small, but dwelling space enlarged. 2) In the renewal public housing estates, the previous community continues but the closeness of community went down.

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The purpose of this paper is to review the role of community facilities in housing estates in a new town based upon questionnaire surveys and hearing. These surveys showed that the resident's expectations of this have became more diversified and specific than it's earlier function of being simply a meeting space. Residents, even working-age-men, now put more importance on the community activities in the housing estate with the emergence of it's aging society and recent disasters such as Hanshin Eeathquake etc. Based upon this research, two kinds of community facility use and planning systems are possible. One system would be developed by planning professionals while another system can be based upon residents-participation. In either case, it is important to give proper advise in planning and utilization of the facility.

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The purpose of this study is to propose a possible future urban housing through experimentation. Studies involve habitation in proposed life-style units and inhabitant participation units (co-operatively planned units) in the experimental housing project, NEXT21.The study presented here specifically focuses on “garden-house”(proposal life-style unit) and “a house for the music”(inhabitant participation units), the way of life and the adaptation of inhabitants and unit.

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This paper is on a proposal model of mixed use apartments. This model is a mixed use building of apartments and a RESIDENTIAL-INN. RESIDENTIAL-INN is one kind of small hotel which is near by apartments in the same site. These two types of building have strong connection, in development, construction, use of space and service, and building management. This characteristic realizes the good effect to each type of building.

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In Taipei, Taiwan, the mixing of residential and commercial use within the same apartment building is very popular. It brings advantages like reducing commuting time, bringing more vitality to the city, but also brings disadvantages like a deterioration in the quality of the living environment.
In this paper, in order to make clear the mechanism for creating orderly mixed-use in apartments, we analyze how architects and developers take a step to do the mixed-use apartments' typical projects in Taipei. The results are as follows: 1) under meeting the needs of self-employed persons, and making great profits, many small mixed-use units of dwelling-business and dwelling-commerce are provided. 2) it is easier to take a step to do the projects of small mixed-use units of dwelling-business, rather than the usual cases of diversion of dwelling use in mixed-use apartments. 3) the commercial units are almost vertically separated from dwelling units and business units. 4) the communal management is necessary for the small commercial units and small business units in condominium ownership.

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This paper has the object to show the history of western urban issue after industrial revolution, and to consider the direction of urban development in Japan at the postindustrial age. In Anglo-Saxon countries, people prefer suburban housing with natural environment, but in European Continent countries, people in cities have traditionally lived in urban collective houses. How is the political difference of both countries in the developing process of urban area? Now in Japan, the opinion to live in central urban area cannot persuade all other people, and so, it cannot become principal direction. I reflect the reason why.

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This article attempts to consider possible policies to recover population of the central area of Tokyo. The results of questionnaire survey targeted to commuters to the area and residents, the policies should be developed according to the features of people who wish to live in the area and their reasons. Also, correct image and information of living in the city center should be delivered to the public. Moreover, living environments which cannot be endured even receiving merits to live in the area should be improved and maintained in a good conditions.

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In this paper, we investigate the condition of the management and the inhabitants consciousness of existing condominiums in the central area (Chiyoda city) of Tokyo. And we study of the public housing policy about the management of condominiums.

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This paper verifield the following based on comparison of apartment houses where the owner does not live and contact with neighbors; what kind of meaning does the combind building for owner use and apartment house have for neighboring residents and the area ; and whether or not the combind building for owner use and apartment house has the potential to create a good area. A positive evaluation was achieved in general for combind building for owner use and apartment house compared with the apartment house where the owner does not live. In terms of contact between the residents in the the combind building for owner use and apartment house and neighboring residents, contact was not sufficient enough to be called communication. However, because the owner lives in the building this creates a degree of credibility towards the residents.As a result, this leads to a sense of relief in the neighboring residents in regard to the combind building for owner use and apartment house.

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PURPOSE: This study investigated the visitor reception system, visitors, and the state of and attitude to neighborfood relationship in condominium residents in an urban area. We also evaluated a desirable home visitor reception system in the aging society. METHODS A questionnaire survey was performed in central Kyoto City. The term of the investigation was from Sep.23 to Oct.29, 1995. 308 questionnaires were distributed, and 184 were returned (59.7%). RESULTS 1. At the entrance to homes, a door phone, autolock, TV door phone, door bell, and security system were installed regardless of the age of the residences but more often in the center than in peripheries of the city for the security, privacy, convenience, and prevention of unwanted sales solicitation. 2. The mean weekly number of visitors was 6/home, and the visitors were neighbors, salesmen, relatives, people belonging to religious groups, people related to business, non-neighbor friends, and private tutors. etc. 3.0n the basis of these findings, a desirable visitor reception system for aged urban residents was evaluated.

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