In late years, the reduction of energy consumption and the CO₂ emission become an urgent problem. The proportion of energy consumption in houses is not large, but its growth rate is high. It is necessary to reduce energy consumption. Therefore, the promotion of the Energy-saving and Environmentally-symbiotic House, which is highly insulated, or has a solar electric generator is expected, but the analysis about the effect of the Energy-saving and Environmentally-symbiotic house is rarely done in Japan, and in the analysis, the sample selection bias may happen between the Energy-saving and Environmentally-symbiotic houses and the other houses. Therefore I analyzed the factor of choosing the Energy-saving and Environmentally-symbiotic house and the reduction effect of energy consumption and CO₂ emission simultaneously by Heckman estimation and probit analysis in the thesis. According to the analysis, the choice is strongly influenced by the difference of the energy expense and if we choose the Energy-saving and Environmentally-symbiotic house, more than 50% of energy expense in the average household can be eliminated and the reduction of the CO₂ emission amounts to about 2.49t per a year.

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This study aims to understand the single fathers' housing situation in Japan. Compared to women (single mothers) it is difficult for men (single father) to balance job and childcare therefore the rate of living with relatives was higher than single mothers. And single fathers' owner occupation rate was double of single mothers' because single fathers tend to remain their marital housing after divorce and especially single father who lived in their own house apt to remain their marital housing. Kuzunishi (2005) reported that single mother tend to move out of their marital housing (70%) and they chose their new residential area to prioritize preserving their children's environment or seek relatives' support for childcare. The tendency of moving situation after divorce between single mothers and single fathers was totally different. From these results it is inferred that single fathers tend to preserve their work environment more than children's environment.

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This paper examines the optimal majority rule and amount of social loss for consensus building in the event of rehabilitation of condominiums, when there is a correlation among benefits of stakeholders. The results show that (1) simple majority rule is optima even when excess compensation is necessary and even when there is some resistance in agreement for rehabilitation;(2) the larger the correlation among the benefits of stakeholders, the larger social loss may incur by having stricter majority rule;(3) the number of stakeholders does not influence so much concerning the optimal majority rule. These results suggesthat the 4/5 majority rule in current sectional ownership law should be amended to a simple majority rule or similar mild majority rule.

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