In recent years, quality of life (QOL) is becoming an important concept. However, the research of QOL in the information society is very few and it is a current state to lack for information-related QOL item almost in main QOL index. Then, in this research, we developed information-related QOL index to grasp the current situation of QOL in information society and improve QOL by use of multivariate analysis. After reliability and validity of the index were verified, we considered the method of using it.

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[in Japanese]

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In case of oil spill, gravel beaches are hard place for recovery works. In this study, relations between shape of gravel and residence time of oil after Nakhodka oil spill accident has been examined based on the on-site surveys. Digital camera was used to take projected shapes of the gravel, and then public domain software "ImageJ" and spreadsheet have been used to analyze the shapes. Every taken image was transformed to 720-angled polygon in accordance with the coordinates of circumference to measure its angularity indices. The indices have been analyzed by 1) ratio between projected area and circumference, 2) difference of the radius between actually measured length of circumference and smoothly translated circumference, and 3) bending angles of the circumference. As a result, strong correlation coefficient (R²=0.858) has been occurred between angularity index obtained from bending angles and period of oil residue.

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"Stork rice" is rice which is produced by natural farming methods in order to coexist with stork and natural surroundings. The purpose of this study is to examine how "Stork rice" purchasers concern about foods and environment on their daily basis and how they understand about natural history of storks and the farming methods by questionnaire survey. "Stork rice" purchasers relatively well concerned about foods and environment. And they understood about basic natural history of storks as well. But they did not sufficiently understand the system of farming methods to coexist natural surroundings.

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The online stores gives remarkably few environmentally conscious goods (hereinafter called eco-goods) and their environmental information like ECO-MARK compared with the offline stores. Then, we performed the questionnaire survey on acknowledgement and behaviors about eco-goods and their environmental information in online shopping on both sides of the online retailers and the consumers. As a result, although the consumers have a degree of willingness to purchase the eco-goods, there are many retailers of too short recognition of environmental information. The environmentally conscious consumers' behaviors are impeded. Therefore, it will need urgent adjustment of environmental information disclosure of the eco-goods to be suited to online shopping.

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A high-density area formed after World War II is one of the problems facing urban planning and urban management. The density of buildings should be analyzed on a regional scale in detail. We have formed the concept of analyzing the building density based on blocks on a regional scale. In this study, three kinds of the feature of building height data were newly proposed. They were applied to the building density analysis in conjunction with conventional features of blocks. It was suggested that the application of new features provided the extraction of the areas equivalent to project-expediting areas for urban renewal.

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Construction materials are stocked as structures during building lifespan, but as these structures age, the demolished materials are recycled or landfilled. These Out-Flows are created by 2reasons: 1) Structure aging; the structure itself can no longer be used due to a reduction of its integral strength; 2) Social reasons, such as city center re-development, where structure use could continue but are found unsuitable for societal needs. Thus, it is important to estimate the lifespan of structures from the point of view of regional specifications as well. A historical GIS database, based on aerial photos and source maps, was developed for this study. A historical GIS database can identify the age and scale of structures and so help to quantify the metabolism patterns of cities. This study clarified a method for structure lifespan estimation using historical GIS database.

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Evaluations were obtained from local residents, concerning their level of satisfaction with an artificial brook that runs through their urban residential area. This artificial brook uses purified sewerage effluent that has undergone advanced treatment. A cost-benefit analysis was conducted to compare construction costs with user benefits. The contingent valuation method (CVM) was employed to evaluate the environmental value of such an artificial brook, the results of which were compared with those obtained from the travel cost method (TCM). The cost-benefit ratio yielded by the CVM proved to be superior to that yielded by the TCM. These results demonstrated that the artificial brook was cost effective. The local populace had a highly positive attitude toward this artificial brook, and the fact that the facilities contributed value to their daily lives was particularly highly appreciated.

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This paper describes four concepts as the direction of future road function (intensification, expansion, conversion, refinement) and systematize the viewpoints for effective use on road to improve the living environment. Road policy (eight policies) and many projects were extracted and ordered along the direction of future road plan in Fukui Prefecture as an example. From the survey to road administration section and road user about effective use on road, the points to make more practical relationship between them were shown especially one policy of environmental improvement of the pedestrian-related subjects.

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Several experiments on the seed germination of Myrica rubra showed some new and interesting facts about its characteristics as follows : (1) The optimum temperature for the seed germination is about 15°C about four species of 'Zuiko', 'Moriguchi', 'from Chiba' and 'from Yokohama'. (2) According to the warm index, the temperature in the production area of Myrica rubra was between 15.0 and 17.5°C in average during 5 or 6 months a year. The temperature range and the periods in the area found from warm index coincided with the optimum temperature and periods from seed fructification to germination in seed germination curve our experiment in the laboratory. (3) Germination percentages of Myrica rubra decreased under dark condition, which means light germinators. (4) Germinability is maintained only for a short period (ca. a half year). (5) Seeping of the seeds into 100 ppm or 500 ppm gibberellic acid (GA₃) solution could up to 70-90 %, while they showed low germination percentage (45%) without any control at 180 days.

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This study aims to obtain fundamental data for appropriately conserving and managing trees in a buffer greenbelt in Himeji, Hyogo Prefecture (Himeji Ryokuchi, Nakajima District), by investigating the growth characteristics of the trees, which were planted about 30 years ago, based on the data of their heights and diameters at breast-height, which were measured in August 2004, and the calculated aspect ratio values. As a result, the growth of Quercus glauca and Castanopsis cuspida was remarkable, and these species occupied the forest crown. The growth of the subtree layer differed depending on the co-existing species of the high tall layer. With Machilus thunbergii, the aspect ratio usually exceeded 100, showing a declining tendency. On the other hand, with Myrica rubra, the aspect ratio was about 50, showing good growth.

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In this paper, we clarified physiology revitalization of Eucalyptus introduced into Japan and species composition of fructification. The appearance research of the fruit body was done in the Kameyama-city, Mie Pref. and Minami-awaji-city, Hyogo Pref. The relation to the eucalyptus and the physiology revitalization of an ectomycorrhizal fruit body was clarified. As a result, 12 kinds of fungal species were found, 4 kinds of ectomycorrhizal fruit bodys were found in the Kameyama-city, 2 kinds were found in the Minami-awaji-city. An ectomycorrhizal fruit bodys were generated for May until December except August and November. It was suggested that number of fruit bodies have increased by the rise of the SPAD value or the temperature, to settle due to the decrease in the temperature.

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Twenty-four evergreen broad-leaved sample trees (Cinnamomum camphora, Quercus glauca, Persea thunbergii, Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus, Lithocarpus edulis ) were cut down in an environmental protection forest 30 years-old after plantation at reclaimed land in Oita city, Oita Prefecture. After trunk diameters and height were measured, the trunk, branch, and leaves were weighted. Allometric relationships to predict individual weights of trunk, branch, and leaves were established and we estimated above ground biomass. Total above-ground biomass at the Oita site amounted to 327.3 (Trunk: 230.1, Branch: 82.3, Leaf: 14.9) t/ha. This value is similar as former study at 50-60 years evergreen broad-leaved forest in Japan.

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Investigation of effect of sediment treatment strength on bio-diversity was conducted using experimental mesocosm system. As results, it was made clear that 1) sediment treatment introduced trophic state succession and the eutrophic state changed to the oligotrophic state under strong treatment, 2) sediment treatment introduced bio-diversity succession and the diversity decreased under too strong treatment, 3) sediment treatment introduced ecosystem structure succession and the structure changed largely under strong treatment. From the experiment in this study, environmental assessment on ecosystem structure should be necessity with the optimum treatment method selection.

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Necessary environmental conditions for healthy tree growth in artificial peninsula have been proposed. Lithocarpus edulis, Quercus phillyraeoides were selected for this study. They were planted at regular intervals on the line which intersects at right angle to waters edge. Environmental factors [average temperature, max temperature, minimum temperature average, average wind velocity, max wind velocity, rainfall, daylight hours, WI, CI, soil exchangeable Na accumulation] and plant growth characteristics [height, tree width, diameter, and maximum photosynthetic rate (Pmax)]were measured.Results show that, the Pmax has decreased with rising of the soil exchangeable Na accumulation.It was recognized that Lithocarpus edulis phillyraeoides does not grow healthy if it is within 48m from seaside, or if 50.6mg/100g of soil exchangeable Na accumulation or more. It was also recognized that Quercus phillyraeoides does not grow healthy if it is within 88m from seaside, or if 25.0mg/100g of soil exchangeable Na accumulation or more.

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We researched the effect of morphology on the zonation of coastal vegetation at the sandy shore of Shonan District, Kanagawa Prefecture. It was recognized that the influence of ocean waves from the sea was small, and the diversity of coastal plants was rich at the higher zone of elevation in beach. In addition, it was considerably important to establish the site conditions with the continuously changing environmental gradient from the sea for the formation of zonation in coastal vegetation. At the same time, it was also recognized that sand fence blocked a series of environmental gradient and formed more stable environment than before. As a result, it is very important to take into account the rate of transmittance and the height of fence to keep a continuity of environmental gradient in future.

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In savanna habitats fire is used as a management tool stimulating sprouting of plants with high forage quality that attract higher density of herbivores. Vegetation patches affected by fire in Kruger National Park (KNP) on dry season of 2005 were identified using remote sensing and GIS. African buffalo, African elephant and rhino sightings by rangers on fire affected patches were recorded. Normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) values of the fire affected patches were also calculated on 16-day composite period before the fire, during the fire period and the following 16-day composite post fire periods until the end of the rainy season, February 2006. The results show that African buffalo and rhino prefer burned vegetation, with high NDVI values, for feeding, especially in the beginning of the rainy season. However, when vegetation is not a limiting factor they have no preference either to burned or unburned vegetation. Elephants having diversified diet are not fire dependent for food.

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To detect the metapopulation structure of a vulnerable species of the water-strider, Limnoporus esakii, in the basin of Kinokawa River, we registered the presence or absence of the water-strider on 104 patchs of wetlands in the regions of more than 2,000 ha in two successive years. Dispersal distance was assumed about 400 to 500 m in general. We recognized three clusters of habitats used by independent populations in the research area, and used a patch occupancy model to describe dynamics for one of the populations. A spatially realistic model considering habitat quality and patch size seemd to be in good agreement with the real spatial distribution.

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Fruit damage by stink bugs in orchards began to occur nationwide from the 1970's. Locally, in Wakayama Prefecture, persimmons and peaches have been hurt nearly every year. This study focuses on a GIS based analysis of stink bug damage as related to stink bug origin from cedar and cypress forests. First, the satellite data was delineated according to mountain slope angle and direction of slope to improve the accuracy of the land cover map. The land cover map was built from satellite data, from which the orchards and cedar and cypress forests and orchards areas were then taken. Next, the distance (from orchards to the cedar and cypress forest) and the area (the cedar and cypress forest that exists around orchards) were calculated via spatial analysis. Results displayed a high correlation between the damage data and cedar and cypress forest area. Moreover, maps forecasting damage levels could be extrapolated from the spatial analysis results.

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The habitat characteristic of Potentilla chinensis as the index species of gravelly river bed was considered on the planned park site in the dry riverbed in the middle reaches of Kiso River. The distribution situation was investigated by the target of all, and it was counted approximately 20,400 individuals of P. chinensis. As for the distribution of P. chinensis, it was almost delimited to a high-positioning dry riverbed, and it was clarified that this ecotope was the main habitat of this plant species. We presented the ecological planning flow as applied use of the natural environmental information map, which was prepared topographical map and vegetation map in this study.

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The endangered species Lefua echigonia is an index species for spring water environments, and the flagship species for Yato. It will live in Yato with maintained fields. This study examined its life history in such Yato, and proposed conservation measures relating to after farmland consolidation to maintain this species. The study examined millraces and brooklets in three Yato located near the source of the Misawa River, a branch of the Tama River. Environment and capture-recapture surveys clarified differences in the life history according to the waterway environment of Yato. It is important to make small waterways that function during the non-irrigation period, and to leave weirs in the waterways, so that this species is retained after farmland consolidation.

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This study reviewed previous finding of recreational use in recreational and protected area to improve the present methods for monitoring and managing recreational use and to select the technique to realize higher adaptability for each purpose of the survey. Survey methods could be classified according to the contents of the purpose. Each type of survey method was examined from points of conceptual adaptability for the purpose and expressiveness of the characteristics of recreational use. The points that required keeping some level of expressiveness were the followings: proper scale of time and space that responded to the object for the survey, the assessment of survey technique for processing information on recreational use, and determination of standard unit to maintain accuracy of the survey. We should have the investigation technique standardized to compare the data from different sites and to examine the data derived time series investigation.

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Impact on user expectations in natural parks is probable even if they don't in practice visit the area. This research accordingly sets out to classify the expectations of not only the actual climbers but also other potential climbers in the natural park study area around Mt. Fuji in the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park in Japan. The twin objectives are 1) to classify the expectations of natural park users and 2) to clarify the relationship between user characteristics, expectations and the impact on them to find out what factors dominate the decision to climb Mt. Fuji. The results classified user expectations into 5 groups and the fact that over half the potential climbers with negative mountain-climbing intentions have expectations of "wilderness and conserving solitude" shows that there is a large impact on user expectations.

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In recent years, due to their increasing popularity, mountainous natural parks have begun to face a number of serious problems, such as the degradation of mountain trails, trampling of natural vegetation, and the dispersion of human waste. This paper examines the typical behavior of visitors at Mt. Shibutsu in Oze National Park. To address these problems, our research classified the type of visitor, their behavioral patterns, and finally their awareness to the regulated utilization and conservation of Mt. Shibutsu. This research also described and clarified effective environmental conservation measures for the mountain natural park such as a broader distribution of visitor information, a comprehensive reform plan for the mountain trails and visitor facilities, and proposals to divide larger tour groups into smaller ones, along with suggesting a wider deployment of nature guides.

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This study focused on the practices of community gardens of an urban area in Hyogo Prefecture and clarified the relationship between the components at a place and the activities. Analyzing 21 cases base on the survey of community gardens, following conclusions are derived; community gardens were effective in points of "beautification of community area", "creation of the safe community" and "promotion of communication between inhabitants". In addition, it was also clarified reasonable way how to set the components of a place and coordinate the activities. Therefore, this conclusion imply that community garden enables various problems occurred in community to be solved.

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The introduction of the designated administrator system is progressing, the park administrator needs to tackle check, evaluation, and improvement of the project and maintenance of institution and planting based on a PDCA cycle in order to improve the quality of a park. In this research, we applied the linkage system of the mobile-phone with GPS and WEB-GIS which were made from education fields to park management, and verified the usefulness. As a result, we acquired the information which contributes to improvement in the quality of management every day like failure reports and hidden charms. Moreover, we checked that the labor and time concerning check or evaluation could be shortened greatly.

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This paper focuses on the management of Kairakuen Park, which is a renowned park for sightseeing in Ibaraki Prefecture, and aims to explore ways to maintain and develop its values and characteristics through a better understanding of its current management status. Kairakuen Park is currently managed with little regard to the way in which visitors walk around it and the facilities need to be improved to match the visitor behavior. In addition, Kairakuen Park is famous for its many plum trees, and visitors can enjoy its various flowers and trees throughout the year. This paper aims to discover new ways of attracting visitors by understanding the current use of the park in terms of visitor behavior and the changes brought by the four seasons.

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This research studied the arrangement of the space, classification and characteristics of 72 botanical gardens in Japan. As the results, most of botanical gardens were set up after 1960, and their areas are smaller than 10 hectares. There are different kinds of displaying facilities, and they have a very important role in improving the service and educational functions in the botanical gardens. The arrangement of the space was classified into four groups: Group A: natural features. Group B: exhibition oriented features. Group C: recreational features. Group D: greenhouse seeing features. How to develop the features and the level of botanical gardens will become a future topic.

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We analyzed changes in the waterway system by using old maps and GIS and conducted interviews with city planners and waterway managers about the management and use of waterways. Then we discussed how and why the waterway system has changed as a result of rapid urbanization. We found that the cause of the changes differ by region with the same urbanization background. We also found that vanished waterways are linked to rapid urbanization such as expansion of urban areas and widening of roads and that remaining waterways are linked to governmental supports such as conservation of historical landscapes and water rights of paddy fields.

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Recently, with slump of hot spring resort industry, there is a strong need to take advantage of the natural environment, in order to restore the local endemism and charms for long-stay resort. The hot spring resort from the Edo middle to last years, when a long-stay was popular for expectations of the medical effect, has regionally-specific space structure which is up to the natural environment and life style at that time. So in order to establish a connection with regionally-specific of the hot spring resort and land form, the data are collected focused on Arima and Kinosaki hot spring resorts. And then analysis conducted with comparison of spatial characterization of both hot spring resort at the points of "centricity" "range" and "directionality".

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The purpose of a study is to clarify the spatial structure of the hot spring area by geographical features, water system resources and street form. The classification according to geographical features and the water system resource, the street form was able to be classified into five and seven, four respectively. The hot spring street was classified based on these classification results. And, the tendency to the spatial structure became clear. We have been understood that spatial structure of the hot spring area is influenced geographical features and water system resource, and the street form has the feature according to geographical features and influences the extension of the hot spring area. It is important to understand the spatial structure of the hot spring area around to doing the town planning of rich individuality, and using of a peculiar regional resource and regional characteristics.

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In this paper, the content and needs of the environmental education that a Kanagawa Prefecture public elementary school executed were understood by using the hearing investigation with the questionnaire survey. The collections of the investigation vote in the questionnaire survey were 186. It was "Secured of times" the most much becoming the obstructions when the elementary school executed environmental education. The resource of Tanzawa Oyama Mountain area that the elementary school wanted to use for the theme of environmental education was "Water resource."

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This study intended to clarify attitude and behavior about fair trade goods by questionnaire toward university students, such as 1) degree of interest in the environment and related consumption behavior, 2) degree of awareness of fair trade and related purchase behavior, and 3) degree of interest in fair trade and intention of future purchase of fair trade goods. Respondents consideration for the environment shown through consumption behavior was low, while interest of students in the environment was high. Moreover, more than half of the respondents had never purchased fair trade goods although they knew what fair trade was. Contrarily, those students who chose to show consideration for the environment when purchasing goods in daily life tended to have the experience of having purchased fair trade goods in the past, and tended to encounter such goods often. Furthermore, this study showed that a large number of students had an interest in fair trade if they had an opportunity to know about it.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify factors that promote and constrain environmental behaviour among consumers in their daily lives, by studying the feasibility of using personal cups for purchasing drinks. The authors studied four cases where they examined reasons for using or not using personal cups. Then, the relationship between the use of these cups and the factors that promote or constrain environmental behaviour was studied based on a model proposed by Hirose (1994). As a result, in addition to the factors in Hirose's model, "sensory evaluation" was deduced as a factor that assesses the above-mentioned relationship.

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Through the language of flowers in the Summer Palace, the research analyses the representaion and character of courtyard, and gets that: pines has the highest proportion, and indicates the longevity. Pagodatree, Willow, elm and goldraintree indicate fortune and bullheaded vitality, and represent the courtyard full of energy. Peach, bamboo, lilac, Chinese flowering crabapple, yulan, forsythia, redbud and wisteria represent welfare, longevity, integrity, fame glory and prosperous future generations, which reflect the courtyard with the harmonious of matter and inspirit. It also values isolated planting, reappears the unification and nature beauty, and creates the idealistic courtyard.

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In studies on the physiological and psychological effects of herbs, despite extensive research on Western herbs, little research has been carried out on the Oriental herbs. Thus in this study, utilizing the results from the Cerebral Blood Flow and the Semantic Differential method, an experiment was performed for the 35 subjects' physiological and psychological reactions to the scents of Oriental herbs. For the Cerebral Blood Flow, the results showed sedative tendencies in the descending order of Citron, Japanese cypress, Mugwort, Japanese corn mint, Japanese pepper, and Shiso. For the Semantic Diffrential method showed that, Shiso, Japanese pepper and Japanese corn mint had a stimulating scent, Citron a refreshing scent, Japanese cypress a woody scent, and Mugwort had a unstimulating scent. The pattern derived from these results suggests that refreshing scents activated more brain sedation than their stimulating counterparts.

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In Japan, due to the nature-worship of the Shinto religion, single holy trees are still preserved at many shrine sites. Such trees often have an age of several hundreds of years. However, there seems to be a lack of knowledge and consciousness about their meaning and ecological demands. In order to contribute to their future preservation, this paper examines the actual and historical condition of holy trees at district shrines, and then discusses their loss and cultural significance. Although they take a high position within the shrine precinct, holy trees are gradually lost due to environmental changes and a lack of ecological knowledge.

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This study aims to improve living environment base on resident concerns in depopulated area. Firstly, we clear living environment evaluation, settlement intension and importance of living environment improvement by questionnaire survey. And then we analyze relativity both living environment evaluation and settlement intension through examination of casual relationship. Therefore, we suggest phased measures for living environment improvement as public traffic, purchase and welfare, which to enhance settlement intension in depopulated area.

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This study is to analyze pedestrians' stated preference when both sidewalk pavement and street trees are improved at the same time. In addition, this study alsoaims to find the desirable height of street trees. We created a total of 9types of simulation graphics based on 3 attributes; pavement type, height of street trees andcolor of street trees, and examined preference factors using conjoint analysis. As a result of the analysis, it becameclear that subjects put more importance on theheight of street trees than on sidewalk design. Moreover, the desirable height of street trees was found to be 7m. Even 9m got positive evaluation while 5m was evaluated negatively.

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The purpose of this study is to approach the effective risk communication about geologic disposal of high-level radioactive waste. It was attempted to search resident's consciousness for location of disposal facility and participation in nuclear public policy. As a result, the NIMBY for location of disposal facility was verified, it was important to share with resident's situation for site location. It was clarified that regional differences concern about recognition and consciousness. It was concluded that information sharing and discussion with interregional residents is necessary.

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Industrial symbiosis plays an important role to promote a recycling-oriented society and a low-carbon society. In this paper, Evaluation system of production technology is identified by analyzing contribution ratio of CO₂ emission, which is found by segmentation of production process in recycle-oriented industries in Kawasaki Eco-Town. Six indicators were defined, namely, conversion efficiency of virgin material, conversion energy efficiency of virgin material, conversion efficiency of recycle material, conversion energy efficiency of recycle material, substitution ratio of recycling process and conversion energy efficiency of middle material. As the result that CO₂ emission is calculated and pick out the parameter of technology, we can present generally and quantitatively marginal effect of the parameter of technology and CO₂ emission.

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Since 1998, in response to national policies prescribed in Outline for Promotion Effects to Prevent Global Warming and Law Concerning the Promotion of the Measures to Cope with Global Warming at national, local governments have started to establish regional plan to combat global warming. The plan includes a report on local GHGs emissions inventory, numerical target on GHGs emissions reduction, and its sectoral action plans. This study first critically reviews the practical methods of CO₂ emissions inventory in residential sector which are currently used widely based on publicly available statistical data. Then we compare the results of CO₂ emissions in residential sector based on our questionnaire survey in Hiroshima Prefecture which can consider regional local conditions more in detail. Finally using detail profiles of residential sector in Hiroshima Prefecture, we try to have future projections on CO₂ emission in residential sector.

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The propose of this study is to examine the risk cognition of oil spill accident in the Abashiri basin Hokkaido. The oil spill accidents as environmental disaster risk are characterized by inevitable matters and possibility of controlling. Moreover there are increases in risk cognitions by aging and aware of a tense risk than earthquake disaster or flood disaster. It simply concludes that the risks associated with oil spill have to be discussed by among various kinds of stakeholders in time of peace. These processes should be are indispensable for regional integrated risk management.

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Domestic emissions from incinerated garbage, sewage sludge and oil and coal combustion were estimated in addition to the emission data of PRTR. Then, countermeasures of reducing nickel emission from ferronickel refining plants, iron and steel manufactures and power generation plants were assumed as scenarios in addition to the existing voluntary measures, and the cost-effective analysis of those scenarios were conducted. As a result, nickel smelting, oil and coal combustion were the main sources of nickel emission into the air, and the cost-effectiveness of the measures in ferronickel smelting plants was the highest in the areas with high concentration in the air.

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In this paper, driving forces and future scenarios for sustainable lifestyle were designed using scenario writing method. We drew up four alternative scenarios - lifestyle of health and sustainability (LOHAS), cooperation in local community, single and free life, and business as usual- based on the driving forces including aging of the society, income polarization, personalization and time use pattern. In addition, we evaluated environmental impact related to food production and consumption in all scenarios.

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Green procurement is being actively pursued by manufacturing enterprises as a means to reduce the environmental impact of products. For this paper, we gathered data on green procurement request from electronic and precision instrument companies, and made a comparison with companies ranked at the top and classified by industry of the Nihon Keizai Shimbun's 10th Environmental Management Survey. The results showed that manufactures in the electronics, precision instrument and automotive sectors require environmental management processes and environmental information on parts procured from suppliers, while raw-material industries, such as steel and chemistry, place emphasis on environmental measures for internal processes. In addition, it turned out that the automotive industry, and the electronics and precision instrument industriies have developed separate business models for green procurement based on their diferent needs: the former for reduction of the environmental impact of parts by the company specification, the latter for general-purpose procurement of parts.

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It is necessary to collect inventory data for life cycle assessment (LCA). The inventory data are lists of quantities of resource consumption and environmental loads. However,inventory data inclines toward the data of CO₂, NO_x and SO_x emissions. Since no data about other pollutant emission exists, detailed environmental impact assessment is hardly conducted. In this study, four methods of introducing Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) data to existing inventory data are proposed. As a result of this study, it would be possible to take into account new environmental loading for the LCI analysis. And the inventory data were compared using Life cycle Impact assessment Method based on Endpoint modeling (LIME).

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The excessive safety control of planting appears here and there in recent years. So this research aimed at clarifying the necessary minimum safety standard for planting by analyzing the judicial precedent for the accident that occurred since planting obstructed traffic. First, 7 examples were collected mainly in the internet database and the relation between the legal responsibility for administrator and the contents of planting management was considered. As a result, it was clarified that administrators must not neglect traffic obstacles to the extent that people feel mental resistance for passing the road and that administrators may take responsibility even if they had no time to remove traffic obstacles.

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Recently, a site for industry of Japan has decreased, especially the local industry such as the ceramic. This study aims to indicate that the state and the problem about idling site of the factory at accumulation the local industry area. First, the study has analyzed the trend such as industry location and land-use on idling site of factory by using the industry location survey. The findings have revealed that the factory owner values area, closely market and land-price on location select. Then, the study has analyzed the state and problem about MIZUNAMI City, GIFU prefecture. This area has accumulation the local industry, has a mass idling site of the factory. The fact-findings have indicated that the state about the idling site has leaved for long time, the problem about the danger of collapsed factory and the impossible for the other land-use conversion.

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Recently, the residents who live in the countryside seldom use the public transportation that they could use. The purpose of this paper is to find the factor to change their behavior from car use to public transportation use. Focusing on the consciousness of importance of public transportation, we examine the effect of this consciousness by quantitative method. The findings are as follows: (1) while the public transportation users are old-age women, the car users are young or middle-age office workers. (2) The car users have the tendency to overestimate the travel-time by public transportation and to underestimate the risk of fatalities from traffic accidents. (3) The consciousness of importance of public transportation can control the overestimation and underestimation of car users.

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