Analyses are presented for lithium and potassium in marine, brackish-water and fresh-water clays of the Osaka group, whose salinity environment of deposition is indicated from the paleoecological interpretation of shell fossils from the clays. Lithium is more abundant in marine and brackishwater clays than in fresh-water ones. There are no appreciable differences in lithium abundance between the former two. It appears possible to differentiate marine and brackish-water clays from fresh-water clays by lithium content. Potassium content seems to be independent of the salinity at the time of deposition. However, the ratio of it in the clay-size fraction to that in the total sediment is proportioned to lithium content.

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The large number of arithmetic calculation and excessive computer storage required for a numerical solution usually precludes solving the equations in three-dimensional problems for subsurface hydrogeology. Under condition of clear contrast in permeability between the main aquifer and adjacent aquitards, the flow can be assumed to be vertical in the aquitards and horizontal in the aquifer. The analysis of a three-dimensional aquifer system can be reduced to solving two-dimensional equations for each of aquifer. The present paper deals with a quasi three-dimensional flow system concerning the squeeze from storage in the semiconfining layers and the leakage through adjacent semipervious strata. The differential equations for radial flow system in an elastic artesian aquifer with linear leakage were given by JACOB (1946) in early time. This leaky theory was solved in various ways analytically with the vertical recharging or discharging flow through semipervious strata to the main aquifer, but the squeezing from storage in the semipervious layers was neglected. Although the aquitards are relatively low permiabilities, the supplemental released storage water from semipervious strata has an important role in the water balance of a confined groundwater system. The mechanism of squeezing from storage in these semipervious layers was solved by HANTUSH (1960) analytically. To analyze quasi-three dimensional flow systems concerning leakage and squeeze numerically, it is necessary to evaluate two kinds of flow systems leakage and squeeze independently in the process of analysis. Though many of numerous numerical techniques are available for solving parabolic equations, the ADI method was used as the most suitable technique for solving two-dimensional groundwater problems. The merits of this ADI method are following three points which, the field can be treated as a series of one-dimensional strips, the size of matrices can be reduced, and the computer running time can be decreased. Applying this technique to land subsidence problems of the Nanao coastal basin, Ishikawa Prefecture, adequate results were obtained.

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IJIRI'S principle based on the dialectic materialism in geological sciences was established in 1949. Since then, the principle has been a guiding one in geological researches, and many fruitful results due to the principle have been accomplished. However in these days, in petrological science, idealism as revealed in the form of rationalism are prevailing and original works are scarcely found. The author states that in petrology the principle must be realized and idealism should be overcome. And, it is also emphasized that in the course of petrological studies, genetical problems of each rock mass and the problems of the development of each rock species in the history of the earth must be combined.

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