Paleoclimatology will play an important role in understanding present climate and also in predicting future climate. As the Holocene is regarded as an interglacial epoch as well as the post-glacial, it is necessary for the prediction of future climate change to compare the present climate with the paleoclimate during the last interglacial epoch for which much information has already been compiled. As a result, it becomes clear that even a small increase of the solar irradiance gives a large influence on global temperature rise through the reduction of albedo around the Arctic region. It is, therefore, necessary to reconsider the importance of natural causes for global warming which have been disregarded in the IPCC reports. Fundamentally solar irradiance is controlled by the earth's orbit and solar activity itself. The Holocene orbit is in a similar position to that of the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 around 400ka, not with MIS 5e around 125ka. Therefore, further details of the paleoclimate during MIS 11 are needed to predict future climate change.

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The spatial distribution of earthquake foci in the Japanese islands and their neighborhoods is described in the paper, based on the data of the Annual Report of Seismicity published by the Meteorological Agency of Japan in 2006. The hypocenters of earthquakes greater than 4.5 in magnitude for those shallower than 100km in depth and those greater than 3 in magnitude deeper than 100km in depth occurred from 1983 to 2005 are shown in the figures, in which summit levels are drawn every 400m on the land and in the sea. The iso-depth contours of deep earthquakes in the Japanese islands are drawn at the bottom of seismicity area. They dip away from the Kuril-Kamchatka trench northwestward , from the Japan trench westward and from the Izu-Ogasawara trench southwestward in general. Similar lines are drawn in Kyushu, Ryukyu islands and surrounding areas. They dip away from the Ryukyu trench northwestward. Being studied closely, the iso-depth contours are not simple as shown by the former authors. They are divided into several segments, in which the contours run linearly or circularly, and displaced several 10km or more near their boundaries. Those displacement lines run in echelon in NW-SE direction in Hokkaido, Kuril islands and their surrounding areas. Each unit is 100 to 400km in width. The major lines running at the east end of Kunashiri island and in the center of Hokkaido are discriminated in the scale. The focal depth lines are curved convexly southeastward under the Kuril basin, suggesting the down-bulge of seismicity area. Those displacement lines run in NW-SE and EW directions in Northeast Honshu and northeast and central parts of the Sea of Japan. Each unit bounded by those displacement lines is 100 to 200km in width. The major displacement line running from the southwest part of Japan Sea to the central part of northeast Honshu is discriminated. The displacement lines run in ENE-WSW direction in Izu-Ogasawara region. Each unit is several tens to 200km in width. Major lines running at the north end and the central part of Izu-Ogasawara islands are discriminated. The displacement lines runs in ENE-WSW direction in Kyushu and Ryukyu region. Each unit cutting by those lines is 80 to 250km in width. Major line running between Osumi islands and Amami-oshima islands is discriminated. Thus the Wadati-Benioff zone is divided into segments cut by nearly vertical lines which suggest block-like structure in the focul zone.

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The oil spill accident occurred when a Hong Kong-registered supertanker (Hebei Spirit) was rammed by a South Korean-owned barge that came unmoored from its tugboat in rough seas about 10km off Mallipo Beach at Taean Peninsula, South Korea. The 3 kinds of oil spill accidents started at 7:00 on December 7th 2007, when a tanker collided with a barge, and blackened once-scenic beach along South Korea's western coast, about 150km, southwest of Seoul. A total of 12,547kl of both heavy oil and crude oil gushed into the ocean, more than twice as much as in South Korea's previous worst spill, in 1995. Local residents worked with about 8,800 peoples of volunteers, civil servants, police officers and military personnel, were engaged in the effort to clear away oil on the region's shores. The seafood, oyster farms and tourism industries in the Taean region have been devastated. Oil blanketed the sand of Mallipo Beach and the rocks of Euhang Beach at Taean Peninsula, South Korea, were studied on January 5-6th 2008, just after one month of the accident. Residents wore overalls, used shovels, buckets, adsorption mats, tatters, oil fences, hand-made adsorption roller, heated water at 50-70℃ washing bath, and high-pressured nozzle to clean up the oil muck. The purification of oil on the sand beach was made so quickly within one month in sandy Mallipo Beach, whereas abundant oil drops between rocks with oil slick on the seawater surface on the rocky beach in Euhang Beach still remain. The oilcontaminated hazard map by Marine Environmental Risk Assessment Research Division, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Korea, reported on December 18-19th 2007. In this study, on-site surveys for checking and observing the oiling condition have started on January 5-6th 2008 one month after the spill at Mallipo Beach and Euhang Beach. The values of pH and EC in two places indicated that the bioremediation process of oil took place under neutral conditions. The analytical data of volatile aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations for 0.5l/min at two beaches indicated that the concentration of toluene is quite higher in the atmosphere than that of C typed heavy oil from the Nakhodka tanker in January 1997 in Japan. In particular, toluene concentrations were unbelievably 100-1000 times higher than those in the Nakhodka tanker accident in Japan. They succeed to cleanup beach within one month by volunteer works of manpower, and keep the clean beautiful seashore. Furthermore, we must find new defensive measure systems which are safe, low cost, easy, and sustainable by using local natural materials without manmade chemical substances. It is right time to act locally in Asian countries and think globally about environmental seawater.

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