Earth Science (Chikyu Kagaku)

Characterization of muddy clays for "Ohshima Tsumugi" using traditional dye method

Rie WAKIMOTO, Kazue TAZAKI, Naoko NAWATANI, Yorimasa IKEDA, Shigeo IMA ...

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 199-214
Published: July 25, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.15080/agcjchikyukagaku.58.4_199

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"Dorozome" is one of the traditional dying methods with muddy clays in Amami-Ohshima Island, Kagoshima, Japan. The brilliant black color of dyed "Ohshima Tsumugi" derives from muddy clays in Dorota (small ponds with muddy clays). In this paper, muddy clays for dying were mineralogically, chemically and microbiologically characterized. The muddy clays consist of Fe-rich chlorite, vermiculite, mica clay minerals, kaolin minerals as well as a large amount of iron hydroxides associated with high P2O5, N, C and S contents in the muddy field. Principally, iron is a key element which constitutes not only crystalline/amorphous hydroxides iron minerals, but also clay minerals. After one year of using the muddy clays, the Eh and DO are significantly reduced in fallow field. Various microorganisms were observed in the muddy clays, such as coccus and bacillus typed bacteria and fungi. Anaerobic bacteria may contribute for reducing condition in the muddy field. The black parts of "Ohshima Tsumugi" contain high concentrations of S, Ca and Fe, whereas white parts without dye contain a small amount of such elements. The heavy metals are originated from both muddy clays and Rhaphiolepis umbellata. The results suggest that specific condition of iron hydroxides is an important factor for brilliant black dye under reducing condition.

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The chondrichthyan tooth remains from the Carboniferous and Permian of Fukuji, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan

Masatoshi GOTO, Masatoshi OKURA

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 215-228
Published: July 25, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.15080/agcjchikyukagaku.58.4_215

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This paper is the first report of chondrichthyan tooth remains from the Carboniferous and Early Permian formations of Japan. Fourteen specimens of chondrichtyan teeth discovered in Fukuji district, Kamitakara-mura, Gifu Prefecture, Hida marginal belt, central Japan, are described. Five specimens of elasmobranchian teeth, three specimens of petalodont teeth and five specimens of cochliodont tooth plates including three new species are found from the Ichinotani Formation (Upper Carboniferous). One specimen of petalodont tooth is yielded from the Mizuyagadani Formation (Lower Permian). Thirteen fossil specimens of chondrichthyan fishes from a gray limestone of the zone of the Fusulinella-Fusulina of the Ichinotani Formation (Moscovian, Late Carboniferous) are as follows. Cladodus sp. indet. 1 and C. sp. indet. 2 are represented by large cladodont type teeth with five and three cusps. Cladodus sp. indet. 3 and C. sp. indet. 4 are represented by small cladodont type teeth with seven or nine cusps. Agassizodus sp. indet. is represented by a large pavement type lateral tooth with moderately sharp crest and very pronounced labial buttresses. Petalodus allegheniensis Leidy is represented by a large symphyseal tooth with triangular crown and linguiform root. Janassa sp. indet. 1 and J. sp. indet. 2 are represented by symphyseal teeth with spatulate and blunt shaped crown and short root. Poecilodus sp. indet. is represented by a small elongate tooth plate with three transverse ridges and grooves. Cyrtonodus fukujiensis n. sp. is represented by a elongate tooth plate with a long tear shaped crest on the tetragonal base. C. brevis n. sp. is represented by a tooth plate with a short tear shaped crest on the tetragonal base. C. nishioi n. sp. is represented by a tooth plate which is bearing a low wide crest with a spine on the tetragonal base. Cochliodontidae gen. et sp. indet. is represented by a small tooth plate with five transverse ridges and grooves. Only one specimen of Petalodus acuminatus (Agassiz) is yielded from a gray green limestone of the zone of Pseudoshwagerina of the Mizuyagadani Formation (Asselian, Early Permian). P. acuminatus is represented by a large lateral tooth with low triangular crown and short linguiform root.

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The Aoba Eastern Fault, as a norhtern extension of the Futaba active Fault, Sendai area, northeast Japan, and its relation to the Tsubonuma Fault, Nagamachi-Rifu Fault, and Hisanohama-Iwanuma Monocline

Soichi OSOZAWA

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 229-244
Published: July 25, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.15080/agcjchikyukagaku.58.4_229

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Observation of outcrops of the Sendai and its southern area indicates that the Aoba Eastern Fault, the N-S trending left rateral strike-slip fault, is a northern extension of the Futaba Fault south of the Abukuma River. The Aoba Eastern Fault, the NE-SW trending Tsubonuma and Nagamachi-Rifu Faults (thrusts), and the N-S trending Hisanohama-Iwanuma Monocline affect the terrace deposits and the Medeshima Tuff, and have been activated under Quaternary compressional stress field. The Aoba Eastern Fault disruptes the Nagamachi-Rifu and Tsubonuma Faults, which are not continuous each other.

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Lava flows from Ko-Fuji (Older Fuji) Volcano in the western foot of Mt. Fuji

Genjyu YAMAMOTO, Toshiaki KITAGAKI, Satoshi KOSHIMIZU, Takuji SASAGASE

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 245-253
Published: July 25, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.15080/agcjchikyukagaku.58.4_245

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Fuji Volcano is located north of Suruga Bay in central Japan. Fuji Volcano is divided into Ko-Fuji (Older Fuji) Volcano and Shin-Fuji (Younger Fuji) Volcano. Volcanic rocks of the Ko-Fuji Volcano and the older stage of Shin-Fuji Volcano have identical characteristics of petrography and petrochemistry. The Shiraito Lava Flow I and the Inokasira Lava Flow I of base lava of the Shin-Fuji Volcano at westen foot of Mt. Fuji have a petrography and petrochemical characters same as those of the volcanic rocks of the Ko-Fuji Volcano. We propose taking the Shiraito Lava Flow I and the Inokashira Lava Flow I into the Ko-Fuji Volcano from the older stage lavas of the Shin-Fuji Volcano.

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Hard substrates ichnofacies

Akihiko SUZUKI

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 254-255
Published: July 25, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.15080/agcjchikyukagaku.58.4_254

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Geological Idea of Yanosuke Otuka, who built the Foundation of Neotectonics(Geoscientist)

Masae OMORI

Article type: Article
2004 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 256-259
Published: July 25, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: July 14, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.15080/agcjchikyukagaku.58.4_256

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