Seven hundred and sixty-six specimens previously identified as Sphagnum girgensohnii were re-examined to check their morphological characters including stem cortex surface, stem leaf apex, stem leaf borders, hyalocysts in stem leaves, number of divergent branches, branch leaf shape, and pores in divergent branch leaves. They were collected from Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Yaku-Island, and deposited at the Nagano Nature Conservation Research Institute (NAC). Among them, six specimens collected from Nagano Prefecture were confirmed as Sphagnum rubiginosum Flatb., new to Japan.

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Heteroscyphus inflatus (Steph.) S.C.Srivast. & A.Srivast., a Himalayan species, was newly reported from central Japan. Japanese plants of H. inflatus were growing in crevices of serpentine outcrops or on soil with alpine grasses around the summit area of Mt. Shibutsu with ca. 2,200 m elev (36°54'12"N, 139°10'23"E). Our examination based on dried herbarium specimens showed that additional Japanese populations of the species were also confirmed from serpentine mountains in Hokkaido and Honshu. Morphological information including the first description of oil-bodies and illustrations are provided based on the Japanese material.

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