Our compilation of specimens distributed in exsiccatae, a survey of the bryological literature through the end of June 2007, and the authors' recent collections establish that the bryophyte flora of Yakushima Island consists of 665 species, 3 subspecies, 20 varieties, and 2 forms (in 82 families and 252 genera). Included are 355 species, 1 subspecies, 18 varieties, and 2 forms of mosses (in 37 families and 87 genera), 304 species, 2 subspecies and 2 varieties of liverworts (in 37 families and 87 genera), and 6 species of hornworts (in 1 family and 5 genera).

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Chemical structures of characteristic odorous substances from the liverworts, Cheilolejeunea imbricata, Chilosyphus pallidus, Conocephalum conicum, C. japonicum, Frullania tamarisci, Heteroscyphus coalitus, Jungermannia obobata, Leptolejeunea elliptica, Lophocolea heterophylla, L. bidentata, Malaysian Asterella or Mannia, Mannia fragrans, Pellia endiviifolia, Plagiochila sciophila, Talgionia hypophylla, Porella vernicosa complex, Takakia lepidozioides and Wiesnerella denudata, are discussed.

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