This study examines the effects and challenges of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) based educational support for students with health impairments through a review of 20 academic publications released in Japan since 2017. The findings highlight the current state of ICT utilization in special needs education, its benefits, and existing obstacles. Specifically, the implementation of remote learning systems—primarily web conferencing tools—and other ICT resources has been frequently reported to enhance students' access to education while promoting psychological stability.
However, fundamental challenges remain, including the need for improved communication infrastructure, enhanced teacher expertise, and sustainable support mechanisms. Addressing these concerns is essential for optimizing ICT’s role in educational inclusivity and effectiveness. Moreover, the review suggests a gradual transition from ICT use solely in medical or hospital settings to broader inclusion in mainstream classrooms. This expansion reflects a growing recognition of ICT as a tool for inclusive education rather than merely a medical support.
Notably, despite using broad search terms, only 20 relevant studies were identified, indicating that research on ICT-based support for students with health impairments remains underdeveloped in Japan. This gap between policy advancements and academic investigation underscores the importance of further empirical studies to build an evidence base for effective and scalable support practices. Future research should aim to develop models that consider the practical realities of diverse educational contexts, support teacher training, and bridge the gap between policy and practice in Japan.
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