The flow of freshwater into the sea, termed as submarine groundwater discharge, is a key factor for understanding the hydrological cycle in both the sea and land regions. The numerous positions from which freshwater gushes out or its quantity impedes the understanding of its properties. Only sea surface information is obtained by remote sensing; however, multispectral band properties acquired from the Landsat-7 are sufficient for determining the differences between seawater and freshwater. In particular, the features extracted from the multitemporal scenes of Landsat will help determine the conditions responsible for the differences in water qualities in coastal regions. Therefore, this paper detects groundwater discharge points arising due to the difference in freshwater and seawater by using the multispectral Landsat ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper, plus) signals. This study comprises three procedures: (1) computer simulation of the flow of submarine groundwater discharge in the study area, (2) performance of preliminary experiment on the band properties of the Landsat ETM+, (3) detection of the difference in water properties by using the Landsat multispectral bands. Our experimental results obtained by the Landsat ETM+ are in considerable agreement with the realities in the study area.

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This paper is concerned with the problems of reachability and observability of a plug-flow reactor equation with diffusion term. It is shown that the system with boundary inputs is formulated as an well-defined boundary control system, and that it is approximately reachable at any time through a Fourier series expansion of the solution. It is also shown that the boundary control system associated with only one boundary input is approximately reachable except for special values of diffusion and reaction constants, and the unreachable subspace is determined for the exceptional boundary control systems. Furthermore, the results concerning observability are derived through a concrete expression of the solution to the system of plug-flow reactor diffusion equation with the output equation.

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We propose a simultaneous optimization method for task assignment and routing problems with multiple AGVs by the decomposition of Petri Nets. In the proposed method, Petri Net is decomposed into several subnets representing task subproblems and AGV subproblems. Each subproblem is solved by Dijkstra's algorithm. The subproblem on each subnet is repeatedly solved until a feasible solution for the original problem is derived. A solution method for subproblems with no final marking is newly developed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparing the performance with CPLEX as well as a nearest neighborhood heuristic method.

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Stroke patients have some motor deficits, but they can regain their motor abilities by rehabilitation. In the aspect of rehabilitation, voluntary movement is very important. We propose a system which can make a closed loop in brain for stroke patients like voluntary movement. Event Related Desynchronization (ERD) is used to extract patients' motor intention, and then Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) stimuls their paralyzed muscles. In many Brain Computer Interface (BCI) researches, subjects are trained for several months or years to do the task, because of the difficulty to extract clear ERD without training. Thinking about applying for stroke patients, motor imagery training should be shorter, because of the brain plasticity. We did a pilot study about the effect of visual feedback training for three days with healthy subjects. The result indicated that ERD could be clearly extracted in three days, but the training effect differs in each subjects.

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