【Introduction】Individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) often face significant challenges related to self-awareness, which can hinder their rehabilitation and daily functioning. Impaired self-awareness is one of the most disruptive cognitive deficits post-ABI, impacting social reintegration and long-term outcomes. Improving self-awareness is therefore essential for recovery, as it enables individuals to recognize cognitive deficits, develop compensatory strategies, and participate more effectively in rehabilitation. 【Methods】 Using a single-system ABA design, 20 participants with ABI were enrolled in a 3-month GT program consisting of 13 weekly sessions. The intervention included psychoeducation, self-monitoring, and structured feedback within small-group activities. Self-awareness was assessed at four time points using the Self-Regulation Skills Interview─Japanese version (SRSI-J). Repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni-adjusted comparisons were conducted, and effect sizes (η2) were calculated. 【Results】 Eighteen participants completed the study. Significant improvements were observed in EA, AA, SU, and SE between pre- and post-intervention, which were maintained at follow-up (p<0.05). No significant changes were found in SG and MC, but their stability may reflect sustained motivation. Qualitative analysis of three illustrative cases revealed personalized gains in task performance and self-monitoring. 【Conclusion】 This study demonstrates that short-term GT can effectively improve key aspects of self-awareness. Its structured yet time-efficient format may offer practical benefits for rehabilitation programs in outpatient and community settings. These findings suggest the potential utility of brief group interventions for enhancing metacognitive function in individuals with ABI.
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