This instrument development was conducted as the part of the study. The study aimed to explore the quality of life (hereafter abbreviated as QOL) among men who had been living with chronic ischemic heart disease in society.
QOL in the study was defined as the conscious and psychological evaluation of individual life. The structure of QOL was composed of the two indicators. One was the integrative indicators and the other was the factor indicators. The former refers to the overall aspect of life. The integrative indicators were composed of a) life satisfaction, b) self esteem, c) psychological well-being, while the factor indicators were composed of a) daily life control in living with chronic ischemic heart disease, b) sexuality.
The questionnaire of a) daily life control in living with chronic ischemic heart disease was designed by this author.
The developmental process of the questionnaire was as follows: 1) the conceptual framework was constructed; 2) the primitive questionnaire which was based on this conceptual framework and the qualitative data of preliminary study, was designed ; 3) content analysis and pretest was conducted to validate the construct validity and reliability; 4) the questionnaire was tested.

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This study was generally divided into two categories.
1 The Health Measuring Scale (HMS) was devised as an integrated measure of the child's physical, mental and social health conditions. Prior to developing this scale, a preliminary investigation of 304 sample students (2nd, 4th and 6th grade of primary and junior high school students) was conducted. They were asked:“What do you think is a healthy child?“and” What do you think is the most important for your health?”. This HMS was developed from the results of the four investigations of the items derived from the preliminary study, which was performed by teachers, graduate and undergraduate students of Education Department. It consisted of 36 items, which were divided into 3 groups, Physical, Mental and Social groups.
2 The reliability, stability and validity of the HMS were assessed in several ways:
(1) The reliability of this test was reassured from the angle of internal consistency of the test items, and the stability was retested after 1.5 month. The reliability, stability and validity were estimated from the reactions of 440 sample students (2nd, 4th and 6th grade of primary and junior high school students).
(2) The validity of this test was reconfirmed in the following ways.
(1) The items of the HMS were selected from 4 evaluations by teachers, graduate and undergraduate students.
(2) The total score and subscore of HMS were correlated to behavioral evaluations by school teachers.
(3)The total score of HMS was correlated to the types of the Yatabe·Guilford's personality test.
High correlation was reconfirmed from the results of the above-mentioned.

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Although we have many reports about the pain threshold mechanism and the method of objective assessment, there are so many factors which are not yet made clear.
Pain is an important warning signal for the maintenance of life and yet is also a sensory experience which the sufferer feels uncomfortable and wants to avoid, if possible.
This symptom of pain can not be co-experienced by a third person and can be confirmed by the latter only via complaints. Language of pain is used for the expression of this pain in terms of its nature and intensity.
However, there are many people who are suffering from pain in the clinics. The author believe that the health professional must identify the pain and must make accurate assessment of pain in regarding the intensity and nature of pain complained by patients. Then, to find a tool for the pain assessment, on college students, adults and old men groups, the author investigated pain intensities on the basis of their painful experiences, using a vocabulary of 33 words selected for the expression of pain. Each word have eleven-point scales from 0=free from pain to 10=unbearable pain. As a result, the pain intensity fell down with aging and all groups practically agreed in the arrangement of words expressing the pain intensity high or low.
Next, t-test of the intensity of each word by groups (p<0.01) revealed 16 words without significant difference. Both these intensities and attributes of these 16 words were schematized.

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We conducted a study regarding the Activity of Daily Living (ADL) of postinfarct hemiplegic aged living at home in order to clarify the factors which are associated with the change in ADL after their discharge from the hospital in terms of the daily life style of the patients and the care-providers.
The objects are thirty-three hemiplegic aged (60 to 75) after their first stroke and their care-providers. The study was conducted by collecting information at hospitals and interviews at home. Both statistical and qualitative analyses were used.
The results were as follows:
1. Highly motivated patients are more likely to think that they are responsible for themselves and they tend to be more eager in rehabilitation, thus resulting in significant improvement in ADL.
2. When patients adhere to the traditional gender roles in daily life and are not actively improved in household of, their ADL tend to deteriorate.
3. Patients who need less care from the care-providers than the others tend to have significantly more improvement in ADL.
4. Patients who are receiving adequate care tend to have significantly more improvement in ADL.

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In this study, we have selected typical districts each in urban (Tokyo), rural (Niigata), and remote islands (Okinawa) districts in order to make a comparison among those regions on the objective of this study. It is said that a major part of inhabitants in Tokyo tends to live in a state of isolation. In Niigata, we selected a farm village where depopulation was a keen problem. While a close network between families and relatives is reportedly firmly established in Okinawa. Through comparison of these districts, we have attempted to grasp the characteristics of informal social support for families living with old people who suffer from dementia. In the light of these characteristics, we have also tried to figure out the tasks and problems pertaining to nursing. The number of homes we visited and interviewed for the purpose of this study amounted to 21 in Tokyo, 21 in Niigata and 22 in Okinawa. The results of this study have brought us the following findings.
In the urban district (Tokyo), both neighbors and friends are functioning as supporters more willingly than expected. In the rural district (Niigata), family members most often take care of their old people without receiving support from outside. In the remote insular district (Okinawa), groups of neighbors and relatives are working actively as supporters.
Families living with members suffering from senile dementia tend to live their unsociable life because of their sufferers mental disorder. When nurses approach those families, it is necessary, therefore, to grasp closely the actual situation of informal social support.

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