This paper presents the qualitative data of a series of our study“A Study of Structure of Patient Self Care with Chronic Illness and Role of Nursing”.
This study is aimed to explore the various kinds of self care attitude toward chronic illness. Interviews with 152 adult outpatients with one of the selected four chronic illness provide the major source of data.
The findings indicate seven styles of self care attitude toward chronic illness. These are; perfectionist, actual life, natural life, low self esteem, dependent on others, shouldering burden, defiant. These findings suggest that patients need diffrent focus of nursing care according to the styles found in this study.

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The purpose of the present study was to determine the target heart rate during physical exercise adjusted to habitual physical activity in order to aid inactive aged persons.
Heart rate (HR) were recorded continuously for 24 hrs from 16:00 with portable HR memory to see the level of physical activities in 10 men (aged 68-85yrs) and 10 women (aged 63-74yrs). They were members of a sport class for the aged. Anamnesis and informations abous hours spent for sport, walking, cycling, and sleep were taken from the subjects. HR and blood pressure at rest and body weight were measured every week before exercise.
Pattern of habitual physical activity of individual case is (1) inactive, or (2) active but slow-moving; play gate-ball, over 3 days/week, or (3) active and quick-moving; play trim gymnastics, folk dance, or table tennice, 1-3 days/week. The majority of active but slow-moving ones are border hypertensive or hypertensive. On the basis of peak HR during 24hrs, HR 90s beat/min is considered to be optimal as the initial target HR for inactive or active but slow-moving ones, and HR 100-120 beat/min is optimal for active and quick-moving ones.

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The purposes of this study were, basing on Hardy's role theory, to clarify the cognitive discrepancies between the role of frail people and their care givers, and to relate the discrepancies with the care burden on care givers.
The subjects were fifity pairs of frail people and their care givers in a metropolitan area. Each pair was interviewed using the standard questionnaires. Then 3 kinds of cognitive discrepancies were caluculated. Score A (S. A) is a cognitive discrepancy between the care giver's goal of care and her/his actual care realized. Score B (S. B) is a cognitive discrepancy of the expectations between a frail person and the care giver. Score C (S. C) is a cognitive discrepancy of the atual care between a frail person and the care giver.
The results were as follows:
1. Among the three scores S. A was the smallest and S. B was the largest. But the S. C was most influenced by the degree of care burden.
2. In the view of Maslow's theory on hierarchy of needs, the discrepancy of Esteem needs was the largest, followed by Safety needs, and then physiological needs. It was observed that the higher the stratum of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the larger the cognitive discrepancy.
3. Contents of discrepancies indicate the tendency of frail people to depend on their care givers.
4. As S. C was most affected by the care burden of care givers, it was suggested that the approach from the viewpoint of congnitive discrepancies between frail person and care giver will be effective to reduce the care burden.

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The purposes of this study is to evluate the effect of modeling in relaxation training. Nine male and forty female subjects were trained with the technique of relaxation of slanting up one arm, while relaxing the elblow of JICO SHIKAN-HO by K. Harano¹⁾. The effect of modeling was found in the appearance behavior and EMG of physiological responces, reflection of subjective responces, and subjects' special quality.
The main results were as follows:
(1) Modeling was effective for learning the appearance behavior. However learning to keep muscles tense and loose could not found by EMG. Adding learning to keep muscles tense were more easier than keeping muscles loose. There existed significant defferent parts in learning to keep muscles tense and loose.
(2) The effects in training was found to be significantly high by awareness of sense in body.
(3) The effects in training was found to be significantly lower by anxiety and persistency.

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The purpose of this paper is to consider an apprication of phenomenological approach in nursing research. First, characteristics of phenomenological methodology are discussed. Secondly, this study shows the processe that the author has chosen phenomenological approach in her nursing researches and the processe that the author has developed a phenomenological analysis method.
The phenomenological method does not seek to reveal causal relationships, but rather to reveal the nature of phenomena as humanly experienced. The author studied focusing on lived experiences of nursing students, and patients and a nurse. The one was a study of the educational function of the intensive group experience in nursing education and the other was a study of the function of nurse counseling. A common theme in the two studies was to understand the individual meanings of their acts and experiences. Therefore, phenomenological method could be regarded as the most rightest method to explore the theme. First, the author developed a case analysis method to analyze free descriptions of nursing students, intensive group experiences and details of interviews to them. Secondly, the author developed a method of analysis for interpreting nurse counseling by modifying the case analysis method. They were founded on Giorgi's method of phenomenological analysis. The processe of the method of phenomenological analysis for interpreting nurse counseling were as follows: (1) obtain natural meaning units; (2) clarify or elaborate themes of natural meaning units: (3) transform themes into focal meanings; (4) synthesize and integrate the insights achieved into asituated structural description and a general structural description.

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