The purpose of this study was to inquire the effect of ambulation on the 1st postoperative day upon femoral muscle strength in elderly patients. Subjects were surgical patients with gastro-intestinal diseases aged 40-59 and over 60 years. The number of subjects were 1) ambulatory group who began to walk on the 1st postoperative day: 40-59 years old; 9, over 60 years old; 12, and 2) control group: 8 and 11 patients respectively. As indicator of femoral muscle strength, we chose a sectional area of muscle, which reflected physiological muscle strength and was estimated from femoral circumference and skinfold. Changes in the sectional area was investigated during pre- and postoperative periods, and rates of decrease were compared between ambulatory group and control group on the one hand, and between those aged 40-59 and over 60 years on the other.
Findings were as follows:
1. The ambulatory group showed less decrease of the sectional area in both patients aged 40-59 and over 60 years.
2. In the ambulatory group, both classes of patients aged 40-59 and over 60 years showed similar decrease curves of sectional area, but in the control group, the decrease of the sectional area for patients of over 60 years old was greater than that for those of 40-59 years old.
3. In the control group of patients of over 60 years old, the later they began to walk, the greater was the decrease in the sectional area of muscle.

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The goals of this study are 1) to describe the profile difference among the diabetic patients under different clinical service in one hospital in Tokyo and 2) to identify influential factors among the patients with problems on their self-care.
The data were collected from the patients in the inpatient and outpatient departments, and special clinic in the public health department in the hospital. The data were based on the charts of those patients who were diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus. The items investigated were demographic data and disease status. The number of samples totaled 465 charts. As for the patients identified having the problems with their self-care, psychosocial information was obtained further from the charts. Then the analyses of the data and the information obtained were carried out.
The peak age of the patients was in their fifties. There were many more people over 70 years old among the hospitalized patients: 40.9 % of women patients were over 70 years old.
32.4%of the inpatient and clinic patients had the problems with self-care and they had a poor control over diabetes. Most of the self-care problems were related to diet therapy. The factors causing negative effect on the self-care were: (1) low level of understanding, (2) lack of knowledge about diabetes, (3) lack of self-awareness being diabetes, (4) lack of selfrestraint in carrying out daily regimen, (5) occupational difficulties, (6) lack of family support, and so on.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between emotional upset in hospitalized two year old children and parental support. Seventeen children and their mothers were observed with the following focus;
# The mother's visiting patterns.
# The mother's recognition of their child's signals.
# The mother's reaction to these signals.
Conceptual framework of this study were Crisis Theory and Erikson's Development Theory.
Of the seventeen children included in this study, seven exhibited emotional upset as a result of hospitalization (Group I). The remaining ten children did not exhibit emotional upset as a result of hospitalization (Group II). In all other respects Group I and Group II shared the same attributes.
Analysis of each case resulted in the following findings. One, a mother's affection and attentiveness in the form of looking, touching, etc., did not always reduce emotional upset in hospitalized two year old children. Two, there was a relationship between emotional upset in hospitalized two year old children and their mothers' behavior such as, denial, command and no smile.
Based on this study's results, appropriate parental support for hospitalized two year old children is likely to include the following. First, a mother is able to recognize her child's signal and understands these may differ from child to child (e. g.; attachment behavior or exploratory behavior). Second, the mother is able to accept the child's signal. Third, she is able to encourage the child to cope with its tension in its own way.

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In order to meet the many demands made today for a better quality of training for nurses, more than any factor it is necessary to focus on the formation of those nursing-teacher themselves who are responsible for the education of nurses.
This articles examines the present situation of the formation of nursing-teacher, especially their curriculum of education and points out those problem points which should be solved.
The subject of this analysis will be the one year course which presently forms the core for nursing-teacher formation in the four schools; National Center for Nursing Education and Research Ministry of Health and Welfare Course for Schools of Nursing Teachers for Nursing School, KANAGAWA Prefectural School for Advanced Nursing Education and Public Health, Japanese Nursing Association School for Nurse Teachers and Researchers, Institute for Graduate Nurses Japanese Red Cross Society.
Once the Characteristics of the education curriculum for the formation of the nursing-teacher today is summarized from the comparative analysis of the curricula being used in the four schools, they can be classified into those elements belonging to the curriculum for nurse training proper, specialized training for nurses, and important points for basic education.
It will then be necessary further to clarify scientifically from the standpoints of education and nursing the common and basic points for the formation of nursing-teacher necessary to RNAis the level of this work to professional status.

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